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731.
Ecotoxicity, phytotoxicity and extractability of heavy metals from different stabilised sewage sludges 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Fuentes A Lloréns M Sáez J Aguilar MA Pérez-Marín AB Ortuño JF Meseguer VF 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2006,143(2):355-360
The presence of heavy metals in the sludges produced in wastewater treatment plants restricts their use for agricultural purposes. This study compares different types of sludges (aerobic, anaerobic, unstabilised and sludge from a waste stabilisation pond) in order to assess the extractability of heavy metals using simple extraction, water and DTPA. The stabilisation treatment undergone by the sludges influenced the heavy metals extractability. The least mineralised sludges (unstabilised and aerobic) showed higher metal extractability. The sewage sludges were subjected to chemical characterisation and toxicity testing (ecotoxicity and phytotoxicity assays) in absence of substrate, to provide a preliminary assessment of their suitability for land application. The ecotoxicity assays confirmed that no sludge constituted a hazardous waste. The sludge extracts had significant adverse effect on the germination index (GI) of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and cress (Lepidium sativum L.), a fact which indicates that some characteristics affected root growth. 相似文献
732.
Coutinho M Rodrigues R Ferreira J Lopes M Borrego C 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2006,56(3):317-321
Since 1995, the Institute for Environment and Development in Portugal has obtained >300 stack samples from various point sources of Portuguese industries. A coherent database was made with the collected results. The limit values fixed by several European legal documents consulted, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Italian, and Dutch emission legislation, were applied to the Institute for Environment and Development stack sampling inventory (from 1995 to 2000) to evaluate the efficiency of these standards in promoting the control and reduction of atmospheric pollutants emissions, especially regarding nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and particulate matter. The conclusion was that the original Portuguese legislation was not restrictive enough and not very efficient regarding emissions reduction. In contrast, the Dutch and Italian legislations are quite restrictive but very efficient concerning emission control for the three pollutants analyzed. One of the outcomes of this study was the publication of a new law in Portugal regulating the emissions of atmospheric pollutants. The strategy of this emissions control law follows the conclusions found in this study including the concept of a mass flow threshold and different approaches depending on source dimension. 相似文献
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737.
杜娟 《环境与可持续发展》2014,39(5)
本文对国内目前具有良好发展前景的煤焦油加氢项目的生产工艺过程予以了简述;对该类项目在生产运营过程中产生的环境影响问题分别从环境空气、水环境、声环境以及固体废弃物影响方面进行了深入探讨;并针对各类环境污染与环境影响问题提出了相应的减排措施与污染防治对策;最终得出将环境影响评价工作贯穿于项目实施的全过程对于经济与环境的协调发展具有相当重要的意义。 相似文献
738.
Carlos E. C. Freitas Alexandre A. F. Rivas Fabíola A. Nascimento Flávia K. Siqueira-Souza Ivanildo L. A. Santos 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(2):157-165
An important alternative for sustainable use of tucunaré stocks and improvement in fishermen welfare in Balbina reservoir,
Central Amazon, would be to train commercial fisherman to also become tourist guides for sport fishing. In this study, we
modeled fishermen response to this question, in order to evaluate the acceptance of such an idea. Thus, we surveyed 47 fishermen,
who currently comprise approximately 75% of the total fishermen population. This survey was implemented during December of
2001 and January of 2002. We used a probity analysis to run two models. The first model includes the variables: family size,
school level, fishing time, residence time and boat ownership. On the other hand, the second model includes the number of
children under and above eight years old but not the family size. Both models are significant and the most relevant variables
are: fishing time (years of participation of fisherman is in the activity) and residence time (length of residency of particular fishermen live at the village nearby the reservoir). 相似文献
739.
Abstract A three-year study over the Bai, Jingpo and Huayaodai communities in Yunnan Province reveals that the community development is significantly influenced in various ways by such cultural factors as the concepts of development; concepts and traditions of inter-community relationships, consumption, marriage and gender; patterns of decision-making and production, resource and income allocation; as well as the role of information dissemination systems, religion and ritual. Based on the analysis over the interactive relevance between each factor and community development, some strategies and methods for dealing with such a cultural relevance in development projects are recommended. 相似文献
740.
Two methods to assess vulnerability to climate change in the Mexican agricultural sector 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alejandro Monterroso Cecilia Conde Carlos Gay David Gómez José López 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2014,19(4):445-461
We applied two methods to assess vulnerability to climate change in Mexico’s agricultural sector. The first one was a principal component analysis (PCA) that weighted each variable separately. For the second one, we integrated the variables in a linear array in which all variables were weighted equally, and then, we used the arithmetic sum of the sub-indices of exposure and sensitivity minus the adaptive capacity to obtain the vulnerability index. We discuss the similarities and differences between two methods with respect to municipal-level maps as the outputs. The application of the method for the agricultural sector in Mexico gave us the spatial distribution of the high- and very-high vulnerability categories, which we propose as a tool for policy. The methods agreed that the very-high vulnerability category is present in 39 municipalities. Also we found that 16 % of the total population in the country is located in high-exposure areas. In addition, 41 % lives in municipalities identified as highly-sensitive. In terms of adaptive capacity, 20 % of the population lives in 1273 municipalities with low-adaptive capacity. Finally, we discuss the need for information regarding vulnerability at the national level to guide policies aimed at reducing exposure and sensitivity and increasing adaptive capacity. 相似文献