Cladistic biogeographic analysis suggests an early Caribbean diversification in Mexico

The Great American Biotic Interchange has been the predominant paradigm for explaining biotic diversification in the Nearctic/Neotropical overlap or Mexican Transition Zone, which is commonly explained by the collision of the North and South American continental plates, which began in the Oligocene and fused both landmasses. In the most far-reaching cladistic biogeographical analysis of the area to date, evidence has been found supporting the existence of a remnant Caribbean region extending from eastern Mexico to southeastern USA, a hypothesis that challenges current views of the Great American Biotic Interchange and the Mexican Transition Zone. We show herein that an older terrane, which has drifted to the present day positions of Yucatan and Cuba, may be biogeographically linked to an early ‘Gondwanan’ biota of the Paleocene (ca. 60 Ma). The evidence indicates an east–west biotic divide in Mexico, existing before the collision and formation of Central America. The south–north division of the country, previously recognized by several authors as associated with the Great American Biotic Interchange and the Mexican Transition Zone, is of a younger age. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Distribution of Platinum group elements in road dust in the Beijing metropolitan area, China

Dust samples collected from the Beijing metropolitan area （China） were evaluated to determine the distribution and the concentration of platinum group elements （PGEs）. The dust particles that were smaller than 100 mesh size fraction （150 μm） were analyzed after aqua regia digestion. Concentrations ofPt, Rh, and Pd were found to be between 3.96 and 356.3 ng/g, 2.76 and 97.11 ng/g, and 0.1 and 124.9 ng/g, respectively, in the urban areas of Beijing, whereas for the background samples collected from the suburbs of Beijing, the concentrations of Pt, Pd, and Rh were very low and ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 ng/g, 0.5 to 1.4 ng/g, and 0.8 to 2.2 rig/g, respectively. The distributions of PGEs in road dust were an accurate reflection of the levels of pollution and were found to match with the local traffic conditions. A strong positive correlation was established among all the dements found in road dust. This suggests that emissions of abraded fragments from vehicle exhausts may be the source of the high concentration of Pt, Rh, and Pd in road dust along the main roads of Beijing.     

Mercury removals by existing pollutants control devices of four coal-fired power plants in China

The mercury removals by existing pollution control devices in four coal-fired power plants of China were carried out based on a measurement method with the aluminum matrix sorbent.     

Characterization of disinfection byproduct formation potential in 13 source waters in China

The formation potential of four trihalomethanes (THMFP) and seven haloacetic acids (HAA7FP) in 13 source waters taken from four major water basin areas in China was evaluated using the simulated distribution system (SDS) chlorination method. The specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA254: the ratio of UV254 to dissolved organic carbon (DOC)), which ranged between 0.9 and 5.0 L/(mg m), showed that the organic compounds in di erent source waters exhibited di erent reactivities with chlorine. The HAA7FP of source waters ranged from 20 to 448 g/L and the THMFP ranged from 29 to 259 g/L. The HAA7FP concentrations were higher than the THMFP concentrations in all but one of the samples. Therefore, the risks of haloacetic acids (HAAs) should be of concern in some source waters. TCM (chloroform) and BDCM (bromodichloromethane) were the major THM constituents, while TCAA (trichloroacetic acid) and DCAA (dichloroacetic acid) were the major HAA species. Br-THM (brominated THM species) were much higher than Br- HAA (brominated HAA species), and the formation of Br-DBP (Br-THM and Br-HAA) should be of concern when the bromide concentration is over 100 g/L.     

改性膨润土粉末对克百威的吸附

分别用季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)改性钠基膨润土,研究改性膨润土吸附水中氨基甲酸脂类农药克百威的效果、机理及主要影响因素。结果表明,改性膨润土的有机碳含量和用土量影响其对克百威的吸附去除率。表面活性剂通过插层进入膨润土间,有效扩张了膨润土的层间距,有机插层效果明显。100CTMAB-10SDBS膨润土为最佳的吸附剂类型,最佳用土量20.00 g/L,吸附平衡时间为3 h,平衡去除率为92.60%。改性膨润土对克百威的吸附符合Freundlich模型,变形公式的相关系数在98%以上。     

优质发酵酒精生产酒糟废水回用技术研究

研究以控制优质发酵酒精贸易中二叶恶烷限量为目标,通过实验室模拟研究了不同水源做工艺拌料水时酒精中二叶恶烷含量对比,确定地下水为优质发酵酒精生产的工艺用水;研究了酒糟污水处理后SBR水对酒精发酵质量影响;将小试结论用于酒精生产的实际工艺,产品中二叶恶烷含量检测表明,60%SBR水40%地下水能够满足优质酒精的工艺用水要求。对SBR水反复回用3次后,酒精中二噁烷含量仍处于较低水平,能够满足优质酒精贸易中二叶恶烷限量的要求。     

江苏生态文明建设的重点领域研究

全力推进江苏生态省建设,通过生态意识、生态经济、生态环境、生态人居、生态行为和生态制度等生态文明核心要素的建设,形成具有江苏特色的先进生态文明,在更高层次上实现人与自然、环境与经济、人与社会的协调发展.     

特大突水灾害外排水应急处置的工程实践

以徐州矿务集团旗山矿特大水量酸性矿井水突水灾害应急处置的工程实践为例,分别就韩桥矿、旗山矿、白集矿在应急状态下采用的处置工程进行了论述。实践表明,按照因地制宜的原则,尽可能利用现有的塌陷区、排水渠及小河道等,以石灰中和法处理特大水量酸性矿井水,是最快速、最经济、最有效的方案。本实践为类似突水事件的环境应急处置提供了很好的借鉴,具有较大的推广应用价值。     

草原生物多样性监测指标体系构建的探讨

草原生物多样性监测目前已成为草原生物多样性研究和保护的热点问题。草原生物多样性监测指标则是一些简化的生物或环境特征参数,说明草原生物多样性现状和变化趋势,以及人类活动压力对草原生物多样性的影响,以促进科学界、政府和公众间的沟通,提高草原生物多样性管理水平。本文综述了草原生物多样性监测指标筛选的一般标准和指标体系构建的主要理论,梳理目前已提出或应用的主要生物多样性监测指标,以期为我国构建国家或区域尺度生物多样性监测指标体系提供参考。     

泉州湾景观格局分析及动态变化研究

基于GIS技术和景观生态学原理及方法,获得泉州湾1975年、1989年、2001年及2008年四期的景观格局分布图,分析了泉州湾30多年来景观格局的动态变化过程.结果表明:(1)在30余年中,泉州湾自然景观面积明显萎缩,其中滩涂面积减少了2913.09 hm2,减少率为28.7%,人工景观(主要为建设用地)面积增加明显...