可张孔曝气器曝气能耗试验研究

通过试验研究,总结出可张孔曝气阻力损失的影响因素,以优化产品的结构设计参数,降低产品在工程应用中的能耗,获取更好的经济效益。     

可张孔曝气器曝气能耗试验研究

通过试验研究，总结出可张孔曝气阻力损失的影响因素，以优化产品的结构设计参数，降低产品在工程应用中的能耗，获取更好的经济效益。     

Integrated catalytic wet air oxidation and aerobic biological treatment in a municipal WWTP of a high-strength o-cresol wastewater

This study examines the feasibility of coupling a Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO), with activated carbon (AC) as catalyst, and an aerobic biological treatment to treat a high-strength o-cresol wastewater. Two goals are pursued: (a) To determine the effect of the main AC/CWAO intermediates on the activated sludge of a municipal WasteWater Treatment Plant (WWTP) and (b) To demonstrate the feasibility of coupling the AC/CWAO effluent as a part of the influent of a municipal WWTP. In a previous study, a high-strength o-cresol wastewater was treated by AC/CWAO aiming to establish the distribution of intermediates and the biodegradability enhancement. In this work, the biodegradability, toxicity and inhibition of the most relevant intermediates detected in the AC/CWAO effluent were determined by respirometry. Also, the results of a pilot scale municipal WWTP study for an integrated AC/CWAO-aerobic biological treatment of this effluent are presented. The biodegradation parameters (i.e. maximum oxygen uptake rate and oxygen consumption) of main AC/CWAO intermediates allowed the classification of the intermediates into readily biodegradable, inert or toxic/inhibitory compounds. This detailed study, allowed to understand the biodegradability enhancement exhibited by an AC/CWAO effluent and to achieve a successful strategy for coupling the AC/CWAO step with an aerobic biological treatment for a high-strength o-cresol wastewater. Using 30%, as COD, of AC/CWAO effluent in the inlet to the pilot scale WWTP, the integrated AC/CWAO-biological treatment achieved a 98% of total COD removal and, particularly, a 91% of AC/CWAO effluent COD removal without any undesirable effect on the biomass.     

Structure of Mn-Zr mixed oxides catalysts and their catalytic performance in the gas-phase oxidation of chlorocarbons

The catalytic activity and selectivity of manganese zirconia mixed oxides were evaluated for the oxidation of two common chlorinated pollutants found in waste streams, namely 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) and trichloroethylene (TCE). Mixed oxides with varying Mn-Zr content were prepared by coprecipitation via nitrates, and subsequent calcination at 600 degrees C for 4 h in air. These catalysts were characterised by means of several techniques such as atomic emission spectrometry, N2 adsorption-desorption, powder X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia, pyridine adsorption followed by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy and temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen. The active catalytic behaviour of Mn-Zr mixed oxides was ascribed to a substantial surface acidity combined with readily accessible active oxygen species. Hence, the mixed oxide with 40 mol% manganese content was found to be an optimum catalyst for the combustion of both chlorocarbons with a T50 value around 305 and 315 degrees C for DCE and TCE oxidation, respectively. The major oxidation products were carbon dioxide, hydrogen chloride and chlorine. It was observed that the formation of both CO2 and Cl2 was promoted with Mn loading.     

Anaerobic degradation behavior of nonylphenol polyethoxylates in sludge

Anaerobic biodegradation behavior of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs) was investigated. Results showed that terminal electron acceptors, organic matters, initial concentration, and temperature had great influence on the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs. Anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs could be enhanced by adding sulfate or nitrate while this process could be inhibited by adding organic matters. The maximum removal rate increased 1.24 microM d(-1) for each ten micromoles increase in initial concentration. The decrease in temperature caused a sharp decrease in the removal efficiency of NPEOs. The temperature coefficient (PHI) for the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs was 0.01 degrees C(-1). Nonylphenol (NP), the typical intermediate of NPEOs, could inhibit the anaerobic biodegradation of NPEOs only at high concentration. However, these environmental factors had no effect on the anaerobic biodegradation pathway of NPEOs. The accumulation of NP and short-chain NPEOs during NPEO biodegradation led to a significant increase in the estrogenic activity during the biodegradation period.     

有风条件下剧院火灾自然排烟效果分析

为研究某剧院休息厅的自然排烟效果的问题,根据建筑特征设计6个火灾场景。运用理论计算和数值模拟的方法,分别研究不同开窗位置、开窗面积以及环境风速对火灾时的热流场和烟气蔓延的影响。结果表明：不同开窗位置达到临界值的时间为顶窗〉东西立面侧窗〉北立面侧窗;有风条件下3.5%的开窗面积的排烟效果和无风时6%的开窗面积的排烟效果相当。结论是考虑当地环境风速,选择顶部5%和东西侧3.5%开窗方式,增强该剧院的自然排烟效果。     

基于灰色综合评价的通航安全角度下吴淞口建闸方案优选

将层次分析法与灰色关联分析法相结合,评价吴淞口挡潮闸3个备选方案对通航安全的影响。首先通过专家调查法,并对相关资料进行综合分析,确定吴淞口水闸建设工程方案通航安全影响评价指标,然后运用层次分析法计算各指标权重,最后利用灰色关联分析建立灰色评价模型,得到关联序,定量分析各方案在通航安全影响方面的优劣,得出最优方案,为吴淞口建闸方案的确定提供依据。     

基于复合治理理论的基层应急管理模式优化*

为弥补传统基层应急管理模式的短板,解决信息壁垒、协调困难、公众参与不足等问题。从复合性视角出发,阐述复合治理理论内涵,探讨复合治理与应急管理在主体、思维、过程、空间、目标上的契合性,并进一步分析基层应急管理的现实背景和困境,进而构建基于复合治理理论的基层应急管理模式,阐明模式基本结构和工作流程,最终提出理念树立、平台搭建、机制保障、队伍建设、制度安排、文化营造、技术支撑方面的优化路径。结果表明:复合治理理论的应用可以加强基层应急管理能力,促进多元主体协同共治。     

Cultural Relevance for Rural Community Development in China: A Case Study in Bai, Jingpo and Huyaodai Communities of Yunnan Province

A three-year study over the Bai, Jingpo and Huayaodai communities in Yunnan Province reveals that the community development is significantly influenced in various ways by such cultural factors as the concepts of development; concepts and traditions of inter-community relationships, consumption, mar- riage and gender; patterns of decision-making and production, resource and income allocation; as well as the role of information dissemination systems, religion and ritual. Based on the analysis over the interactive relevance between each factor and community development, some strategies and methods for dealing with such a cultural relevance in development projects are recommended.     

人口与消费对碳排放影响的分析模型与实证

从消费压力人口视角探讨碳排放问题,有利于正确判断和把握气候变化压力的人文因素,以及人口与消费可持续发展的动力学机制.本文通过对STIRPAT模型的扩展,应用岭回归方法计量分析人口、消费及技术因素对碳排放的影响.对我国1980至2007年碳排放情况的统计实证结果表明,扩展的STIRPAT模型对中国国情有较高的解释力.居民消费水平、人口城市化率、人口规模三个因素对我国碳排放总量的变化影响明显;现阶段我国居民消费水平与人口结构变化对碳排放的影响力已高于人口规模变化的影响力,居民消费水平与消费模式等人文因素的变化有可能成为我国碳排放的新的增长点;技术进步因素在此模型中对我国该阶段碳排放的解释力有限,表明我国未来通过技术进步减缓碳排放的潜力巨大.