Facilitating biodiversity conservation through partnerships to achieve transformative outcomes

Conservation biology is a mission-driven discipline that must navigate a new relationship between conservation and science. Because conservation is a social and political as well as an ecological project, conservation biologists must practice interdisciplinarity and collaboration. In a comparative study of 7 cases (Jaguars in the Chaco, Grevy's zebra in Kenya, Beekeeping in Tanzania, Andean cats in Argentina, Jaguars in Mexico, Lobster fishing, and Black bears in Mexico), we examined motivations for collaboration in conservation, who can collaborate in conservation, and how conservation professionals can work well together. In 5 case studies, successful conservation outcomes were prioritized over livelihood benefits. In the other 2 cases, livelihoods were prioritized. All case studies employed participatory approaches. There were multiple external actors, including local and Indigenous communities, nongovernmental organizations, agencies, regional and national governments, and international organizations, which enhanced conservation and wider sustainability outcomes. Key collaboration aspects considered across the case studies were time (mismatch between relationship building and project schedules), trust required for meaningful partnerships, tools employed, and transformative potential for people, nature, and the discipline of conservation biology. We developed guidelines for successful collaboration, including long-term commitment, knowledge integration, multiscalar and plural approaches, cultivation of trust, appropriate engagement, evaluation, supporting students, and efforts for transformation.     

Opportunities and challenges for Common Agricultural Policy reform to support the European Green Deal

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is the European Union's main instrument for agricultural planning, with a new reform approved for 2023–2027. The CAP intends to align with the European Green Deal (EGD), a set of policy initiatives underpinning sustainable development and climate neutrality in the European Union (EU), but several flaws cast doubts about the compatibility of the objectives of these 2 policies. We reviewed recent literature on the potential of CAP environmental objectives for integration with the EGD: protection of biodiversity, climate change mitigation and adaptation, and sustainable management of natural resources. The CAP lacks appropriate planning measures, furthering instead risks to biodiversity and ecosystem services driven by landscape and biotic homogenization. Funding allocation mechanisms are not tailored to mitigate agricultural emissions, decreasing the efficiency of climate mitigation actions. The legislation subsidies farmers making extensive use of synthetic inputs without adequately supporting organic production, hindering the transition toward sustainable practices. We recommend proper control mechanisms be introduced in CAP Strategic Plans from each member state to ensure the EU is set on a sustainable production and consumption path. These include proportional assignment of funds to each CAP objective, quantitative targets to set goals and evidence-based interventions, and relevant indicators to facilitate effective monitoring of environmental performance. Both the CAP and the EGD should maintain ambitious environmental commitments in the face of crisis to avoid further degradation of the natural resources on which production systems stand.     

乳状液膜提取废汞触媒浸出液中的汞及 乳状液破乳

采用乳状液膜法分离提取废汞触媒浸出液中的Hg~(2+)。考察了影响乳状液膜体系分离富集汞的主要因素,并对分离提取后的乳液相进行了破乳研究。分离提取实验结果表明:乳状液膜体系的最佳配方为流动载体磷酸三丁酯体积分数10%、表面活性剂失水山梨糖醇脂肪酸酯体积分数4%、膜溶剂磺化煤油体积分数86%、内水相HCl溶液浓度0.10mol/L、油相与内水相的体积比1∶1;在乳状液与外水相的体积比为1∶10的条件下Hg~(2+)提取率达78.50%。破乳实验结果表明:加热破乳、离心破乳、加热离心联合破乳3种方法的破乳率分别为29.0%,54.0%,85.7%;采用加热离心联合法破乳后,Hg~(2+)富集倍数达8.5。     

关于加强城市风环境规划研究的思考

城市风环境规划对于城市建设具有十分重要的意义,但在我国关注度还相对较低,为城市环境规划留有"隐患"。开展风环境规划研究,合理规划城市风环境,建立城市通风廊道,是城市规划的有益创新,也是践行习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的具体体现。本文梳理和总结了部分发达国家和地区城市风环境研究与技术发展状况,结合我国城市风环境规划研究和管理现状,从推动我国城市风环境规划的角度给出了若干建议。     

胶州湾微表层和次表层海水中营养盐的分布特征及富营养化研究

根据2010年夏季(6、7、8月)和秋季(9、10、11月)6个航次对胶州湾微表层和次表层海水中营养盐的调查结果,研究了微表层和次表层中营养盐的分布特征和时空变化,以及微表层对氮、磷、硅营养盐的富集情况,并利用潜在富营养化评价模式评价了水质的营养状况.结果表明,不论是微表层还是次表层,营养盐的分布都是从湾内向湾口递减.胶州湾夏季微表层溶解无机氮(DIN)、磷酸盐(PO34--P)和硅酸盐(SiO23--Si)的平均浓度分别为0.296、0.026和0.618mg.L-1;秋季平均浓度分别为0.369、0.028和0.592mg.L-1.夏季次表层DIN、PO43--P和SiO23--Si的平均浓度分别为0.240、0.025和0.506mg.L-1;秋季平均浓度分别为0.292、0.028和0.580mg.L-1.胶州湾微表层海水对营养盐N、Si均有不同程度的富集作用,平均富集因子为1.48～1.96;对P无富集现象,富集因子的不同可能与海况和站位的不同有关.在所有调查航次中,7月份胶州湾海水中的营养盐含量最低,与叶绿素a(Chl-a)处于高峰期有关.胶州湾东北部处于富营养和磷中等限制潜在性富营养化状态,其它区域营养级为中度营养和贫营养,微表层潜在性富营养化程度大于次表层.     

微波萃取-高效液相色谱法测定环境空气总悬浮颗粒物中16种多环芳烃

用丙酮/正己烷(1∶1)混合溶剂,微波萃取法提取环境空气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)中16种多环芳烃组分,各组分萃取率为66%～83%,萃取效果较好。高效液相色谱法二极管阵列检测器和荧光检测器串联可同时测出16种多环芳烃组分。在二极管阵列检测器响应的组分检测限为2 5μg/L～5 0μg/L,荧光检测器响应的组分检测限为0 01μg/L～0 1μg/L。对25μg/L16种多环芳烃标液作精密度试验,相对标准差均<5%,精密度好。取两个交通干线环境空气样品作TSP中多环芳烃测定,16种组分中除蒽、茚并(1,2,3cd)芘、芘、苊烯4种组分外,其他12种组分均有检出。     

气相正己烷的光催化及臭氧/光催化降解动力学

初步研究了气相中低浓度的正己烷在较大流量(5L/min～17L/min)臭氧/紫外(O₃/UV),光催化(TiO₂/UV)及臭氧/光催化(O₃/TiO₂/UV)3种方法的降解的动力学,考察了正己烷的初始浓度、流量、水蒸气浓度、臭氧投加量等因素的影响.研究表明:正己O₃/TiO₂/UV降解效率远高于O₃/UV的降解效率,明显高于TiO₂/UV降解效率;相对于初始浓度,正己烷的TiO₂/UV及O₃/TiO₂/UV反应符合L-H模型,对于O₃/UV过程用L-H模型不能得到较好的拟合;随着流量的增加正己烷在TiO₂/UV与O₃/TiO₂/UV降解过程中的反应速率先增加后保持不变,但是在O₃/UV过程中其反应速率变化不大;湿度对正己烷的降解有一定的影响;随着臭氧投加量的增加,正己烷O₃/UV和O₃/TiO₂/UV的降解速率呈直线增加,在O₃/UV过程中正己烷的反应速率增加更快.     

中国环境标志如何应对WTO

环境标志的实施有利于环境友好产品的销售 ,也有成为发达国家新的贸易壁垒的趋势 ,加入WTO后 ,我国环境标志面临新的机遇与挑战。我们应大力发展和完善我国环境标志制度 ,充分利用WTO有关原则和条款 ,在WTO法律框架内寻求对策 ,打破贸易壁垒 ,实现贸易与环境保护的协调发展     

汾河流域水土保持措施水文水资源效应初析

应用具有物理机制的分布式水文模拟模型(W EP-L),模拟了不同下垫面条件情景下的水循环过程,在此基础上,定量分析了汾河流域水土保持措施的水文水资源效应。通过对比分析2种不同情景下的水资源量,初步得出:汾河流域水土保持措施影响了局部水循环和水资源量及其构成,加强了水循环的垂向过程,引起地表截留量、土壤入渗量、土壤蒸发量以及补给地下水量增加;削弱了水循环的水平过程,引起地表径流量和河川基流量减少,壤中流微弱增加;地表水资源量衰减,而地下与地表水资源不重复量增加,狭义水资源量减少,但有效蒸散(发)量增加,广义水资源量有一定幅度增加。研究成果对于研究大尺度流域水土保持措施的水文水资源效应具有参考价值。     

梁柱全焊接节点火灾响应特性分析

采用有限元法对梁柱全焊接节点在火灾下的热、结构响应进行模拟,分析了不同升温条件下全焊接节点的火灾行为,揭示了特定参数对全焊接节点的火灾响应特性,对比分析了全焊连接和栓焊连接节点的抗火性能。结果表明:具有不同升温速率的火灾曲线对全焊节点到达极限状态的时间有显著影响;全焊接节点加载的荷载比越大,节点到达极限状态的时间越短;带有加劲肋的全焊节点耐火时间略长于无加劲肋的节点;在相同升温条件下,全焊节点的耐火时间比栓焊节点的长,抗火临界温度略高于栓焊节点。可为钢结构全焊接节点的抗火设计提供技术参考。