Combined effect of diuron and simazine on photosystem II photochemistry in a sandy soil and soil amended with solid olive-mill waste

Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- = 1,1-dimethylurea) and simazine (6-chloro-N(2), N(4)-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) are soil-applied herbicides used in olive crops. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of these herbicides on Photosystem II photochemistry of Olea europaea L., and whether the amendment of soil with an organic waste (OW) from olive oil production industry modifies this effect. For this purpose, herbicide soil adsorption studies, with unamended and OW-amended soil, and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements in adult olive leaves, after one, two and three weeks of soil herbicide treatment and/or OW amendment, were performed. Soil application of these herbicides reduced the efficiency of Photosystem II photochemistry of olive trees due to chronic photoinhibition, and this effect is counterbalanced by the addition of OW to the soil. OW reduces herbicide uptake by the plant due to an increase in herbicide adsorption.     

Use of electrochemical technology to increase the quality of the effluents of bio-oxidation processes. A case studied

In this work, it has been studied the use of conductive-diamond electrochemical oxidation (CDEO) as a refining technology to assure the quality of the effluents of door manufacturing processes (DMP). To do this, the raw effluents of these factories have been treated by a combination of physicochemical, biological and CDEO treatments. CDEO was found to be a feasible alternative to the refinement of a wooden DMP waste. It can successfully decrease the organic load of the effluents of the biological oxidation with low energy requirements. In addition, in case of incidents in the biological process, CDEO can treat successfully the effluents of the coagulation process. The effluents of the biological treatment have also been treated by CDEO in order to check the possible use of electrochemical technology to increase the biodegradability of the effluents and their possible recycle to the biological treatment. Unfortunately, electrochemical technology was found to be not adequate to increase the biodegradability of the effluents of a biological treatment. The hard oxidation conditions generated during CDEO do not lead to the accumulation of intermediates but to the almost direct formation of carbon dioxide. Lowering the current density or changing the electrodes can not enhance the biodegradability of the effluents of an electrochemical cell.     

A novel approach to predict aquatic toxicity from molecular structure

The main aim of the study was to develop quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models for the prediction of aquatic toxicity using atom-based non-stochastic and stochastic linear indices. The used dataset consist of 392 benzene derivatives, separated into training and test sets, for which toxicity data to the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis were available. Using multiple linear regression, two statistically significant QSAR models were obtained with non-stochastic (R2=0.791 and s=0.344) and stochastic (R2=0.799 and s=0.343) linear indices. A leave-one-out (LOO) cross-validation procedure was carried out achieving values of q2=0.781 (scv=0.348) and q2=0.786 (scv=0.350), respectively. In addition, a validation through an external test set was performed, which yields significant values of Rpred2 of 0.762 and 0.797. A brief study of the influence of the statistical outliers in QSAR's model development was also carried out. Finally, our method was compared with other approaches implemented in the Dragon software achieving better results. The non-stochastic and stochastic linear indices appear to provide an interesting alternative to costly and time-consuming experiments for determining toxicity.     

抑制斑点噪声的SAR与多光谱图像融合方法

通过将主成分变换与IHS变换相结合,避免了会导致SAR信息量损失的滤波过程,实现了一种可降低SAR斑点噪声影响的遥感影像融合算法。与主成分变换融合方法、IHS变换融合方法在主观视觉效果分析和客观统计参数两方面进行比较,新方法不仅很好地保留了多光谱影像的光谱信息,增强了结果影像的空间细节表现能力,而且有效地抑制了SAR斑点噪声,提高了结果影像的信息量与清晰度。     

垂直面绿化植物遮阳系数与叶面积指数研究

比较、分析了农业研究中提出的叶面积指数LAI与用于建筑节能领域的垂直面绿化植物叶片遮阳系数SCPVW两个概念的异同和各自的应用范围。指出城市绿化采用水平或垂直绿化方式时,由于下垫面差异,植物叶片的遮阳系数应当分别采用LAI和SCPVW进行计算。     

Efficient microwave degradation of humic acids in water using persulfate and activated carbon

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Humic acids are complex mixtures of organic molecules of different sizes, molecular weights and functional groups such as phenols, carboxyls, quinones and amino...     

长三角典型城市公交车实际道路细颗粒物排放测试

为研究长三角典型城市公交车细颗粒物排放特征,采用便携式排放测试系统（PEMS）,对上海、杭州和苏州三大城市的8辆典型城市公交车开展实际道路细颗粒物排放实验。研究结果表明：长三角典型城市车辆的实际道路平均车速为22.7 km/h,怠速比例为20.4%,加减速比例为54.5%;在稳态行驶工况下,随车速增大,公交车颗粒物质量及数量排放呈逐渐增大趋势;在20 km/h车速范围内,上海国III、国IV和苏州国III公交车颗粒数浓度呈双峰粒径分布,其他公交车均为单峰分布;随比功率的增大,公交车颗粒质量呈逐渐增大的趋势,国IV公交车颗粒数量呈先下降再增大趋势,国III公交车颗粒数量呈上升趋势;公交车颗粒质量综合排放因子为0.8~189 mg/km,颗粒数量综合排放因子为6.2×10¹²~9.6×10¹⁴#/km。