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排序方式: 共有337条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
331.
Xiaoliang Wang Curtis Robbins S. Kent Hoekman Judith C. Chow John G. Watson Dennis Schuetzle 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(3):320-330
Thermochemical biomass gasification, followed by conversion of the produced syngas to fuels and electrical power, is a promising
energy alternative. Real-world characterization of particulate matter (PM) and other contaminants in the syngas is important
to minimize damage and ensure efficient operation of the engines it powers and the fuels created from it. A dilution sampling
system is demonstrated to quantify PM in syngas generated from two gasification plants utilizing different biomass feedstocks:
a BioMax?15 Biopower System that uses raw and torrefied woodchips as feedstocks, and an integrated biorefinery (IBR) that
uses rice hulls and woodchips as feedstocks. PM2.5 mass concentrations in syngas from the IBR downstream of the purification system were 12.8–13.7 μg·m−3, which were significantly lower than the maximum level for catalyst protection (500 μg·m−3) and were 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than those in BioMax?15 syngas (2247–4835 μg·m−3). Ultrafine particle number concentration and PM2.5 chemical constituents were also much lower in the IBR syngas than in the BioMax?15. The dilution sampling system enabled
reliable measurements over a wide range of concentrations: the use of high sensitivity instruments allowed measurement at
very low concentrations (∼1 μg·m−3), while the flexibility of dilution minimized sampling problems that are commonly encountered due to high levels of tars
in raw syngas (∼1 g·m−3). 相似文献
332.
Yu Y Schleicher N Norra S Fricker M Dietze V Kaminski U Cen K Stüben D 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(2):334-346
Systematic sampling and analysis were performed to investigate the dynamics and the origin of suspended particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm in diameter (PM(2.5)), in Beijing, China from 2005 to 2008. Identifying the source of PM(2.5) was the main goal of this project, which was funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The concentrations of 19 elements, black carbon (BC) and the total mass in 158 weekly PM(2.5) samples were measured. The statistical evaluation of the data from factor analysis (FA) identifies four main sources responsible for PM(2.5) in Beijing: (1) a combination of long-range transport geogenic soil particles, geogenic-like particles from construction sites and the anthropogenic emissions from steel factories; (2) road traffic, industry emissions and domestic heating; (3) local re-suspended soil particles; (4) re-suspended particles from refuse disposal/landfills and uncontrolled dumped waste. Special attention has been paid to seven high concentration "episodes", which were further analyzed by FA, enrichment factor analysis (EF), elemental signatures and backward-trajectory analysis. These results suggest that long-range transport soil particles contribute much to the high concentration of PM(2.5) during dust days. This is supported by mineral analysis which showed a clear imprint of component in PM(2.5). Furthermore, the ratios of Mg/Al have been proved to be a good signature to trace back different source areas. The Pb/Ti ratio allows the distinction between periods of predominant anthropogenic and geogenic sources during high concentration episodes. Backward-trajectory analysis clearly shows the origins of these episodes, which partly corroborate the FA and EF results. This study is only a small contribution to the understanding of the meteorological and source driven dynamics of PM(2.5) concentrations. 相似文献
333.
Judith Bush Peter Phillimore Tanja Pless-Mulloli Christine Thompson 《Local Environment》2013,18(6):649-664
Abstract This paper examines controversy during the 2001 foot-and-mouth outbreak after mass carcass burial sites were selected at two sites in northeast England, and focuses on shortcomings in public consultation surrounding the carcass disposal policy. The slaughter of six million animals necessitated a national disposal strategy on a hitherto unknown scale. The belated decision to concentrate carcass disposal in a small number of mass burial sites provoked more opposition in the two ex-mining localities selected in the northeast than anywhere else. In both cases local liaison committees were established to manage dialogue between residents and public authorities. We argue that, although seen by the authorities primarily as a vehicle for risk communication and public reassurance, for residents these functioned chiefly as a vehicle for holding public authorities to account. These divergent purposes were overshadowed by the chaotic circumstances in which the early stages of the mass burial policy were implemented, and the way in which the carcass disposal policy was dictated by the operation of the slaughter policy, whose draconian form precluded any but the most cursory public consultation. 相似文献
334.
Pantoja-Echevarría Laura María Tamburin Elena Elorriaga-Verplancken Fernando R. Marmolejo-Rodríguez Ana Judith Galván-Magaña Felipe Tripp-Valdez Arturo Lara Ariagna Jonathan M. P. Sujitha S. B. Delgado-Huertas Antonio Arreola-Mendoza Laura 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(41):61685-61697
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sharks are top predators and play an important role in the regulation of marine ecosystems at lower trophic position. Mustelus californicus, Sphyrna... 相似文献
335.
Jenkins TF Hewitt AD Grant CL Thiboutot S Ampleman G Walsh ME Ranney TA Ramsey CA Palazzo AJ Pennington JC 《Chemosphere》2006,63(8):1280-1290
Environmental investigations have been conducted at 23 military firing ranges in the United States and Canada. The specific training facilities most frequently evaluated were hand grenade, antitank rocket, and artillery ranges. Energetic compounds (explosives and propellants) were determined and linked to the type of munition used and the major mechanisms of deposition. 相似文献
336.
We sampled residues from high-order and low-order blow-in-place detonations of mortars and projectiles filled with Composition B (Comp B), a TNT and RDX mixture. Our goals were to (1) characterize the types of explosive particles, (2) estimate the explosive 'footprint' for different munitions, and (3) estimate the mass of Comp B remaining after each detonation. The aerial deposition of Comp B particles helps estimate how large of an area is contaminated by a low-order detonation and how best to sample residue resulting from different rounds. We found that the high-order detonations deposited microgram to milligram quantities whereas the low-order detonations deposited gram quantities of Comp B. For the high-order detonations the concentration of Comp B in the residue decreased as a function of distance from the blast. The low-order tests scattered centimeter-sized chunks and millimeter-sized or smaller particles of Comp B. The chunks were randomly scattered whereas the number of millimeter-sized particles decreased with distance from the detonation. For both high- and low-order detonations we found that the smaller munitions deposited less Comp B than the larger munitions and deposited it closer to the detonation point. 相似文献
337.
Jonathan M. P. Torres Kalina Bermúdez Marmolejo-Rodríguez Ana Judith López Eugenia López 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(41):61547-61549
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献