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81.
Erin K. Cameron Inês S. Martins Patrick Lavelle Jérôme Mathieu Leho Tedersoo Mohammad Bahram Felix Gottschall Carlos A. Guerra Jes Hines Guillaume Patoine Julia Siebert Marten Winter Simone Cesarz Olga Ferlian Holger Kreft Thomas E. Lovejoy Luca Montanarella Alberto Orgiazzi Henrique M. Pereira Helen R. P. Phillips Josef Settele Diana H. Wall Nico Eisenhauer 《Conservation biology》2019,33(5):1187-1192
Human activities are accelerating global biodiversity change and have resulted in severely threatened ecosystem services. A large proportion of terrestrial biodiversity is harbored by soil, but soil biodiversity has been omitted from many global biodiversity assessments and conservation actions, and understanding of global patterns of soil biodiversity remains limited. In particular, the extent to which hotspots and coldspots of aboveground and soil biodiversity overlap is not clear. We examined global patterns of these overlaps by mapping indices of aboveground (mammals, birds, amphibians, vascular plants) and soil (bacteria, fungi, macrofauna) biodiversity that we created using previously published data on species richness. Areas of mismatch between aboveground and soil biodiversity covered 27% of Earth's terrestrial surface. The temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome had the highest proportion of grid cells with high aboveground biodiversity but low soil biodiversity, whereas the boreal and tundra biomes had intermediate soil biodiversity but low aboveground biodiversity. While more data on soil biodiversity are needed, both to cover geographic gaps and to include additional taxa, our results suggest that protecting aboveground biodiversity may not sufficiently reduce threats to soil biodiversity. Given the functional importance of soil biodiversity and the role of soils in human well-being, soil biodiversity should be considered further in policy agendas and conservation actions by adapting management practices to sustain soil biodiversity and considering soil biodiversity when designing protected areas. 相似文献
82.
83.
Julia Leventon 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2015,58(7):1137-1153
This paper uses a multi-level governance lens to explore a case of non-compliance with EU legislation in Hungary and expands historical institutionalist explanations of EU laggards. Despite adopting the European Union's (EU's) limit of 10 ppb arsenic in drinking water, parts of Hungary do not comply. To explain this deficit, the paper examines the match between discourse incorporated into policy and held by policy actors in Hungary. Multiple points of mismatch are found that influence implementation because of governance structures, adding specificity to explanations of ‘goodness of fit’ between EU and national policy. 相似文献
84.
Cécile Courdier John Boudjarane Valérie Malan Christine Muti Brian Sperelakis-Beedham Sylvie Odent Sylvie Jaillard Chloé Quelin Cédric Le Caignec Olivier Patat Charlotte Dubucs Sophie Julia Caroline Schluth-Bolard Carole Goumy Sylvia Redon Jean-Baptiste Gaillard Minh Tuan Huynh Céline Dupont Anne-Claude Tabet Guillaume Cogan François Vialard Rodolphe Dard Guillaume Jedraszak Florence Jobic Mathilde Lefebvre Geneviève Quenum Saori Inai Mélanie Rama Fanny Sauvestre Frédéric Coatleven Julie Thomas Caroline Rooryck 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(6):734-745
85.
Julia Ohl Alexander Wezel Glenn H. Shepard Jr. Douglas W. Yu 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(6):827-843
In this study, we investigate whether traditional swidden agriculture on nutrient-poor tropical soils can sustainably support
a growing indigenous population within Manu National Park, Peru. Based on interviews with 50 Matsigenka farmers, as well as
GPS mapping and field visits, we established the location and size of all 124 swidden gardens cultivated in 2000 and 2001.
Using a GIS-based soil map of Manu Park, we identify the total extent of potential arable land (1) throughout the park zones
currently available for Matsigenka habitation, and (2) within the vicinity of the two study communities. Taking into account
current per capita garden size, cultivation and fallow practices, we calculate the maximum human carrying capacity of swidden
agriculture for (1) all available park zones and (2) the immediate vicinity of the two current communities. Even given the
second, highly limited scenario, the sustainable human carrying capacity is estimated to be 2,138 individuals, which is far
higher than the current population of about 420 people. Thus, arable land does not appear to be a limiting factor for the
growth of the indigenous population in Manu Park at the current time. Other possible limiting factors for population growth
are identified and discussed. We conclude that a conservation policy of population stabilization around the current settlements
is viable in that it will not result in reduced resource availability over the next few decades, and that the challenge is
to identify and mitigate the forces causing population fissioning and spread.
Readers should send their comments on this paper to BhaskarNath@aol.com within 3 months of publication of this issue. 相似文献
86.
Notwithstanding recent gains, women have still not achieved parity with men in the workplace. This is further complicated by common negative images of pregnant women (Taylor and Langer, 1977). The present study investigated (1) stereotypes about pregnant working women, and (2) the effect of an employee's pregnancy on performance evaluation. In the first study, subjects' attitudes about pregnant employees were assessed via questionnaire. Substantial negative stereotyping was found to exist, especially among males. In Study 2, subjects viewed videotapes of either a pregnant or a non-pregnant women doing assessment-center-type tasks and were asked to evaluate her performance. When the employee was pregnant, she was consistently rated lower compared to when she was non-pregnant. A main effect of rater sex and a rater sex by pregnancy condition interaction were found, indicating that males assigned lower ratings than females and were also more negatively affected by the pregnancy condition. Implications for organizational policy regarding employee pregnancy and performance appraisal systems are discussed. 相似文献
87.
88.
Ling M Rifai HS Newell CJ Aziz JJ Gonzales JR 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2003,5(1):126-134
An innovative methodology for improving existing groundwater monitoring plans at small-scale sites is presented. The methodology consists of three stand-alone methods: a spatial redundancy reduction method, a well-siting method for adding new sampling locations, and a sampling frequency determination method. The spatial redundancy reduction method eliminates redundant wells through an optimization process that minimizes the errors in plume delineation and the average plume concentration estimation. The well-siting method locates possible new sampling points for an inadequately delineated plume via regression analysis of plume centerline concentrations and estimation of plume dispersivity values. The sampling frequency determination method recommends the future frequency of sampling for each sampling location based on the direction, magnitude, and uncertainty of the concentration trend derived from representative historical concentration data. Although the methodology is designed for small-scale sites, it can be easily adopted for large-scale site applications. The proposed methodology is applied to a small petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated site with a network of 12 monitoring wells to demonstrate its effectiveness and validity. 相似文献
89.
Stephen G. Perz Jeffrey Hoelle Karla Rocha Veronica Passos Flavia Leite Julia Cortes 《Journal of Land Use Science》2017,12(4):231-251
In the complex causation behind land change, dependent causation can play a central role. A case in point concerns land tenure diversity, where contrasting use rules for different lands may affect the impacts of other drivers on land use outcomes. We therefore evaluate the evolutionary theory of land rights (ETLR), which assumes homogeneous private property rights, in order to test for dependent causation due to distinct use rules among various types of private lands. In the present analysis, we focus on whether land tenure type modifies the effects of highway infrastructure on key outcomes highlighted in the ETLR framework. We take up the case of rural settlements along the Inter-Oceanic Highway in the eastern part of the Brazilian state of Acre, where there is considerable land tenure diversity. Findings from multivariate models for land titling, the castanha nut harvest, and cattle pasture all indicate that the effects of infrastructure depend on land tenure type. These results confirm the importance of dependent causation behind land use and bear implications for theory on land change, infrastructure impacts, and land system science. 相似文献
90.
The social consequences of a natural/technological disaster: evidence from Louisiana and Mississippi
Julia A. Flagg 《Local Environment》2017,22(3):306-320
Disaster scholarship shows that people’s relationships stay the same or improve after natural disasters and become worse after technological, or human-induced, events. Using the case of Katrina, this research explores what happens to people’s relationships after a disaster that began with a catastrophic natural event and was followed by numerous failures in the way human institutions responded to the event. Through an analysis of survey data collected in devastated areas of Louisiana and Mississippi in 2008, this study tests how consequences of both natural (damage to the home and having to leave the home) and technological events (distrust in government, stress, concern about toxic exposure, and pursuing litigation) affect people’s relationships with family members and community groups. Damage to the home, distrust in government, and the pursuit of litigation lead to declines in people’s relationships. These experiences are more likely to change intimate relationships (with family) than relationships in the broader community. The relevance that these findings have for creating better social justice outcomes after future disasters is discussed. 相似文献