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排序方式: 共有185条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
141.
Mendes Telmo José Siqueira Diego Silva de Figueiredo Eduardo Barretto Bordonal Ricardo de Oliveira Moitinho Mara Regina Marques Júnior José La Scala Jr. Newton 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2021,23(11):16410-16427
Environment, Development and Sustainability - Soils feature significant variations in soil carbon stocks through land-use changes, management practices, and intrinsic characteristics. The aim of... 相似文献
142.
143.
Cheng Y Shoeib M Ahrens L Harner T Ma J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2380-2386
Volatile methyl siloxanes (VMSs) are a class of chemicals with an increasing range of applications and widespread distribution in the environment. Passive air samplers (PAS) comprising sorbent-impregnated polyurethane-foam (SIP) disks were first calibrated and then deployed around two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and at two landfill sites to investigate inputs of VMSs to air. SIP-derived air concentrations for ΣVMSs (ng/m3) at background sites on the perimeter of the WWTP were 479 ± 82.3 and comparable to results for the upwind samples at the landfills (333 ± 194). Order of magnitude higher concentrations of ΣVMSs (ng/m3) were found for on-site samples at the WWTPs (3980 ± 2620) and landfills (4670 ± 3360). Yearly emissions (kg/yr) to air were estimated and ranged from 60-2100 and 80-250, respectively, for the cyclic VMSs. These findings demonstrate and quantify for the first time, waste sector emissions of VMSs to the atmosphere. 相似文献
144.
Temporal trends of polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFCs) were examined in grey seal (Halichoerus grypus) liver from the Baltic Sea over a period of 35 years (1974-2008). In total, 17 of 43 PFCs were found, including the perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (C4-C10 PFSAs), perfluorooctanesulfinate (PFOSi), long chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (C7-C14 PFCAs), and perfluoroalkyl sulfonamides (i.e., perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA) and N-ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamide (EtFOSA)), whereas saturated and unsaturated fluorotelomer carboxylates, shorter chain PFCAs and perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids were not detected. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was the predominant compound (9.57-1444 ng g−1 wet weight (ww)), followed by perfluorononanoate (PFNA, 0.47-109 ng g−1 ww). C6-C8 PFSAs, PFOSi and C7-C13 PFCAs showed statistically significant increasing concentrations between 1974 and 1997, with a peak in 1997 and then decreased or levelled off (except for C12 and C13 PFCAs). FOSA had a different temporal trend with a maximum in 1989 followed by significant decreasing concentrations until 2008. Toxicological implications for grey seals are limited, but the maximal PFOS concentration found in this study was about 40 times lower than the predicted lowest observed effect concentrations (LOEC). The statistically significant decreasing concentrations or levelling off for several PFCs in the relative closed marine ecosystem of the Baltic Sea indicate a rapidly responding to reduced emissions to the marine environment. However, the high concentrations of PFOS and continuing increasing concentrations of the longer chain PFCAs (C12-C14) shows that further work on the reduction of environmental emissions of PFCs are necessary. 相似文献
145.
Pesch R Schröder W Schmidt G Genssler L 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,155(3):528-536
In order to assess whether nitrogen (N) loads in mosses reflect different land uses, 143 sites in North Rhine-Westphalia, the Weser-Ems Region and the Euro Region Nissa were sampled between 2000 and 2005. The data were analysed statistically with available surface information on land use and forest conditions. N bioaccumulation in mosses in the Weser-Ems Region with high densities of agricultural land use and livestock exceeded the concentrations in the more industrialised Euro Region Nissa. In all three study areas agricultural and livestock spatial densities were found to be positively correlated with N bioaccumulation in mosses. In North Rhine-Westphalia, the N concentrations in mosses was also moderately correlated with N concentrations in leaves and needles of forest trees. The moss method proved useful to assess the spatial patterns of N bioaccumulation due to land use. 相似文献
146.
A lack of trust in the information exchanged via social media may significantly hinder decisionmaking by community members and emergency services during disasters. The need for timely information at such times, though, challenges traditional ways of establishing trust. This paper, building on a multi‐year research project that combined social media data analysis and participant observation within an emergency management organisation and in‐depth engagement with stakeholders across the sector, pinpoints and examines assumptions governing trust and trusting relationships in social media disaster management. It assesses three models for using social media in disaster management—information gathering, quasi‐journalistic verification, and crowdsourcing—in relation to the guardianship of trust to highlight the verification process for content and source and to identify the role of power and responsibilities. The conclusions contain important implications for emergency management organisations seeking to enhance their mechanisms for incorporating user‐generated information from social media sources in their disaster response efforts. 相似文献
147.
Jucundus Jacobeit Elke Hertig Stefanie Seubert Karin Lutz 《Regional Environmental Change》2014,14(5):1891-1906
Besides dynamical downscaling by regional climate models, statistical downscaling (SD) is a major tool to derive climate change projections on regional or even local scales. For the Mediterranean area, an increasing number of downscaling studies based on different statistical techniques have been published in the last two decades with a broad range of sometimes differing results relating to different variables and regional domains. This paper gives a short review of these Mediterranean downscaling studies mainly considering the following two aspects: (1) what kind of progress has been realized in this field since the early 1990s? The review addresses the inclusion of extremes in downscaling assessments, the development of probabilistic approaches, the extension of predictor sets, the use of ensembles for both dynamical model simulations and statistical model assessments, the consideration of non-stationarities in the predictor–predictand relationships, and some advances related to synoptic downscaling. (2) What are the main regional climate change signals in the Mediterranean area, considering agreed and controversial points also with respect to dynamical models? Best accordance among future projections can be found in seasonal temperatures with lower rates of warming in winter and spring, and, in most cases, higher ones in summer and autumn. Different results are obtained for the intra-annual range of extreme temperatures, but high-temperature conditions are generally expected to increase. Regarding seasonal precipitation, predominant reductions are indicated for spring, summer, and autumn. For winter, however, projections are distinctly different (GCMs: rainfall decrease; RCMs: increase only in the northernmost parts of the Mediterranean region; SD: widespread increases in the northern and western parts in several studies). Different results are obtained for rainfall extremes, but the entire precipitation distribution tends to shift towards higher and lower values. Apart from some sub-regional deviations, there is a predominant increase in future dry period durations. For near-surface winds, only a few studies are available, and they project some decline mainly for the winter season. 相似文献
148.
Zhiyong Xie Zhen Zhao Axel Möller Hendrik Wolschke Lutz Ahrens Renate Sturm Ralf Ebinghaus 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(11):7988-8000
Concentrations of neutral poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), such as fluorotelomer alcohols (FTOHs), perfluoroalkane sulfonamides (FASAs), perfluoroalkane sufonamidoethanols (FASEs), and fluorotelomer acrylates (FTACs), have been simultaneously determined in surface seawater and the atmosphere of the North Sea. Seawater and air samples were taken aboard the German research vessel Heincke on the cruise 303 from 15 to 24 May 2009. The concentrations of FTOHs, FASAs, FASEs, and FTACs in the dissolved phase were 2.6–74, <0.1–19, <0.1–63, and <1.0–9.0 pg L?1, respectively. The highest concentrations were determined in the estuary of the Weser and Elbe rivers and a decreasing concentration profile appeared with increasing distance from the coast toward the central part of the North Sea. Gaseous FTOHs, FASAs, FASEs, and FTACs were in the range of 36–126, 3.1–26, 3.7–19, and 0.8–5.6 pg m?3, which were consistent with the concentrations determined in 2007 in the North Sea, and approximately five times lower than those reported for an urban area of Northern Germany. These results suggested continuous continental emissions of neutral PFASs followed by transport toward the marine environment. Air–seawater gas exchanges of neutral PFASs were estimated using fugacity ratios and the two-film resistance model based upon paired air–seawater concentrations and estimated Henry's law constant values. Volatilization dominated for all neutral PFASs in the North Sea. The air–seawater gas exchange fluxes were in the range of 2.5?×?103–3.6?×?105 pg m?2 for FTOHs, 1.8?×?102–1.0?×?105 pg m?2 for FASAs, 1.1?×?102–3.0?×?105 pg m?2 for FASEs and 6.3?×?102–2.0?×?104 pg m?2 for FTACs, respectively. These results suggest that the air–seawater gas exchange is an important process that intervenes in the transport and fate for neutral PFASs in the marine environment. 相似文献
149.
Lauren A. Patterson Brian Lutz Martin W. Doyle 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2012,48(6):1126-1138
Abstract: Repeated severe droughts over the last decade in the South Atlantic have raised concern that streamflow may be systematically decreasing, possibly due to climate variability. We examined the monthly and annual trends of streamflow, precipitation, and temperature in the South Atlantic for the time periods: 1934‐2005, 1934‐1969, and 1970‐2005. Streamflow and climate (temperature and precipitation) trends transitioned ca. 1970. From 1934 to 1969, streamflow and precipitation increased in southern regions and decreased in northern regions; temperature decreased throughout the South Atlantic. From 1970 to 2005, streamflow decreased, precipitation decreased, and temperature increased throughout the South Atlantic. It is unclear whether these will be continuing trends or simply part of a long‐term climatic oscillation. Whether these streamflow trends have been driven by climatic or anthropogenic changes, water resources management faces challenging prospects to adapt to decadal‐scale persistently wet and dry hydrologic conditions. 相似文献
150.
Förster M Helms Y Herberg A Köppen A Kunzmann K Radtke D Ross L Itzerott S 《Environmental management》2008,41(4):584-598
The use of renewable energy in Europe offers the possibility of reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and contributes to energy
security and independence. With the reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and a variety of recently introduced national
directives supporting renewable energy sources in the European Union, the economic attractiveness of bioenergy production
has distinctly increased. This article combines an economic evaluation of biomass production with site-related natural conditions
of the Havelland region, situated in the north-east area of Germany. Two methods for evaluating site-specific potential biomass
yields were compared. For three example biomass crops, evaluations of yield estimations at agricultural lots for site-optimized
suitability (SOS) and conventional suitability (CS) were carried out. Both modelling approaches were compared. The results
of the GIS modelling indicate that the financial support for increasing the use of renewable energy with the German feed-in
system, called Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz (EEG), will possibly lead to an increased cultivation of crops with high biomass
output. This monocultural orientation of farming practices and the negative effects on the ecosystem could act in opposition
to other environmental initiatives of the EU. The outputs of the SOS analysis show that high biomass production could be integrated
into environmental policy proposals. Therefore, new EU policy should take modified subsidies into consideration in order to
avoid developing conflicts between small-scale changes in landscape ecosystems caused by large-scale transformations in energy
policy. 相似文献