丛枝菌根真菌和两株细菌对土壤中DEHP降解及绿豆生长的影响

采用绿豆为供试植物,通过温室盆栽试验研究接种丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhiza,AM)真菌与DEHP降解菌对DEHP污染土壤的修复作用以及对植物生长的影响.试验土壤中添加DEHP含量为100mg·kg-1,试验设AM真菌Acaulospora laelis 90034、降解菌Bacillus sp.DW1和Gordonia sp.DH3单独接种以及互相组合的联合接种处理,同时设置不接种的对照处理(CK).苗后60 d收获植株.结果表明,AM真菌能很好的侵染绿豆的根系,菌根侵染提高了绿豆地上部分的干重,而对根系的干重则没有显著的影响;同时菌根侵染也促进了绿豆的P营养.但接种DW1与DH3对菌根侵染率与绿豆生长都没有显著影响.3种菌剂无论是单独或者联合接种都能显著促进土壤中DEHP的降解,3种菌剂同时接种则对DEHP的降解能达到最好的协同作用,同时也减少DEHP在绿豆地上部分的累积,这为DEHP污染农田土壤的植物修复提供了理论依据.     

混凝沉淀前处理对丙烯酸丁酯废水陶瓷膜过滤膜污染的影响

采用混凝沉淀-双层滤料过滤-陶瓷膜过滤组合工艺去除丙烯酸丁酯废水中浊度物质。结果表明,废水pH值、混凝药剂投加量、混凝沉淀水力条件不仅对丙烯酸丁酯废水混凝沉淀出水和双层滤料过滤单元出水浊度具有重要影响,而且对后续陶瓷膜过滤单元膜污染均具有重要影响。双层滤料过滤出水浊度与陶瓷膜污染阻力具有明显的正相关关系,双层滤料过滤出水浊度越高,陶瓷膜污染阻力越大。废水pH在7.0~10.0范围内、混凝药剂PAC或PAM投加过量、废水流量过高都会造成双层滤料过滤出水浊度偏高,导致陶瓷膜污染严重。     

固定源低温选择性催化还原NOx技术研究进展

NH3选择性催化还原技术在固定源NOx污染控制中广泛应用,其核心是催化剂．传统钒氧化物催化剂起活温度偏高（〉300℃）,难以在末端应用;随着环保法规的日益严格和实际应用需要,研制具有良好低温活性和稳定性的新型催化剂成为近期国内外该领域的热点．对贵金属、分子筛、金属氧化物3类催化剂,综述了国内外近期研究进展．其中以碳质材料为载体负载Nn、Cu等的金属氧化物型催化剂显示出良好的低温活性和稳定性,具有较好的低温催化还原NOx研究前景．     

北京地区大气中汞污染状况的初步调查

用镀金细砂填充的石英采样管在采暖期的非采暖期于北京地区七个采样点收集空气中的气态汞,用二步汞齐化原子吸收法测定其浓度并与实时分析结果进行比较,两种方法的结果都表明,采暖期北京地区大气中汞的浓度低于非采暖期大气中汞的浓度,对于除燃煤以外汞的来源尚需进一步研究。     

Effects of two transition metal sulfate salts on secondary organic aerosol formation in toluene/NO x photooxidation

Aerosol phase reactions play a very important role on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, and metal-containing aerosols are important components in the atmosphere. In this study, we tested the effects of two transition metal sulfate salts, manganese sulfate (MnSO₄) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄), on the photochemical reactions of a toluene/NO _x photooxidation system in a 2 m³ smog chamber. By comparing photochemical reaction products of experiments with and without transition metal sulfate seed aerosols, we evaluated the effects of transition metal sulfate seed aerosols on toluene consumption, NO _x conversion and the formation of ozone and SOA. MnSO₄ and ZnSO₄ seed aerosols were found to have similar effects on photochemical reactions, both enhance the SOA production, while showing negligible effects on the gas phase compounds. These observations are consistent when varying metal sulfate aerosol concentrations. This is attributed to the catalytic effects of MnSO₄ and ZnSO₄ seed aerosols which may enhance the formation of condensable semivolatile compounds. Their subsequent partitioning into the aerosol phase leads to the observed SOA formation enhancement.     

还原剂对Ag/Al2O3催化剂上NO还原的影响

在富氧条件下,研究了CH4、C3H8、C 3H6、C8H18、CH 3OH、C2H5OH,以及C3H6与CH3OH、C3H6与C2H5OH组合作还原剂时,在Ag/Al2O3催化剂上NO的还原活性.结果表明,不同碳氢化合物还原NO的活性温度存在较大的差异.SO2的存在会导致CH3OH还原NO的活性提高,而其他碳氢化合物还原NO的活性降低.随着还原剂浓度提高,NOx转化率增大,不过,过高的还原剂浓度对NO还原不利.组合使用CH3OH与C3H6或C2H5OH与C3H6作为还原剂,能显著拓宽活性温度范围.     

生物脱氮与甲烷化耦合的EGSB-BAF工艺模拟

以活性污泥3号模型(ASM3)为平台,通过引入厌氧氨氧化和甲烷化过程、以2步硝化-反硝化取代1步硝化-反硝化过程以及区分硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐条件下的内源呼吸过程,建立了同时具有甲烷化、厌氧氨氧化和2步硝化反硝化功能的EGSB-BAF工艺模型.该模型包括5种微生物、28个生物过程,同时考虑了温度、pH值和抑制性物质对生物过程的影响.以实验室EGSB-BAF集成工艺的实验数据,结合灵敏度分析对部分模型参数进行了校核.采用校核后的模型对集成工艺EGSB段和BAF段出水的COD、NH4+-N、NO2--N和NO3--N浓度进行模拟,结果表明,EGSB段和BAF段的出水中COD、NH4+-N、NO2--N和NO3--N浓度的模拟值与实测值的误差在可接受范围内.表明模型能够描述工艺的主要生物反应过程,可以作为指导工艺研究、设计和运行优化的手段.     

Second organic aerosol formation from the ozonolysis of α-pinene in the presence of dry submicron ammonium sulfate aerosol

An indoor chamber facility is described for investigation of atmospheric aerosol chemistry. Two sets of α-pinene ozonolysis experiments were conducted in the presence of dry ammonium sulfate seed particle: ozone limited experiments and α-pinene limited experiments. The concentration of gas phase and particle phase species was monitored continuously by on-line instruments and recorded automatically by data sampling system. The evolution of size distribution was measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer ...     

巢湖入湖河流沉积物中有机磷的形态分级研究

为识别巢湖流域污染物的特征、来源及其沉积物有机磷各形态分布与富营养化的关系,测定了7条巢湖入湖河流沉积物中有机磷各形态的含量,分析不同污染类型人湖河流沉积物中有机磷各形态分布的差异及与其他因素间的相关性。研究发现,不同污染类型人湖河流沉积物中水土保持控制型河流沉积物中有机磷各组分的相对含量顺序为残渣态Po〉富里酸-Po〉HCl-Po〉胡敏酸-Po〉NaHCO3-Po,平均的相对比例为7．5：3．1：1．9：1．5：1．0,而城市污染控制型和面源污染控制型河流沉积物中有机磷各组分的相对含量顺序恰好相同,面源污染控制型河流沉积物Po各形态含量低于城市污染控制型和水土保持控制型河流。中活性P。和OM、TP、Pi、Po、TN、NaHCO3-Pi、NaOH—Pi呈正相关,非活性Po与Po、NaOH-Pi呈显著正相关关系,反映了中活性Po很容易转化为生物可利用磷和非活性Po,且非活性Po仍然具有潜在的生物活性。     

Comparison of three ornamental plants for phytoextraction potential of chromium removal from tannery sludge

Based on pre-experimentation, three ornamental plants, Mirabilis jalapa, Impatiens Balsamin (I. Balsamin) and Tagetes erecta L., were selected as target plants to study the phytoextraction of chromium (Cr) in tannery sludge irrigated with four treatments according to Cr concentration gradient [Control (CK); 20.50 × 10³ mg kg^?1 (T1); 51.25 × 10³ mg kg^?1 (T2); 102.50 × 10³ mg kg^?1 (T3)]. Results of pot experiments showed that the biomass of Mirabilis jalapa and Tagetes erecta L. had no significant differences among the four treatments, while I. Balsamin showed a decline trend in the biomass with the increase of Cr concentration, probably due to some extent to the poisoning effect of Cr under treatment T2 or T3. Mirabilis jalapa accumulated Cr concentration, with 408.97, 124.97, 630.16 and 57.30 mg kg^?1 in its roots, stems, leaves and inflorescence, respectively. The translocation factor and the bioaccumulation coefficient of Mirabilis jalapa are each greater than 1, indicating that Mirabilis jalapa has the strong ability to tolerate and enrich Cr by biological processes. Comparing accumulation properties of the three ornamental plants, in the amount and allocation, Mirabilis jalapa showed the highest phytoextraction efficiency and could grow well at the high Cr concentration. Our experiments suggest that Mirabilis jalapa is the expected flower species for Cr removal from tannery sludge.