Evaluation of the thermal/optical reflectance method for discrimination between char- and soot-EC

Many optical, thermal and chemical methods exist for the measurement of elemental carbon (EC) but are unable or neglect to differentiate between the different forms of EC such as char- or soot-EC. The thermal/optical reflectance (TOR) method applies different temperatures for measuring EC and organic carbon (OC) contents through programmed, progressive heating in a controlled atmosphere, making available eight separate carbon fractions - four OC, one pyrolyzed organic carbon, and three EC. These fractions were defined by temperature protocol, oxidation atmosphere, and laser-light reflectance/transmittance. Stepwise thermal evolutional oxidation of the TOR method makes it possible to distinguish char- from soot-EC. In this study, different EC reference materials, including char and soot, were used for testing it. The thermograms of EC reference materials showed that activation energy is lower for char- than soot-EC. Low-temperature EC1 (550 degrees C in a 98% He/2% O2 atmosphere) is more abundant for char samples. Diesel and n-hexane soot samples exhibit similar EC2 (700 degrees C in a 98% He/2% O2 atmosphere) peaks, while carbon black samples peaks at both EC2 and EC3 (800 degrees C in a 98% He/2% O2 atmosphere). These results supported the use of the TOR method to discriminate between char- and soot-EC.     

基于氨基酸的甲醛吸收净化研究进展

甲醛是室内环境中典型的气态污染物之一,具有致畸性和致癌性.我国室内甲醛污染形势严峻,相关居民健康事件频发,去除室内甲醛对改善室内空气质量,降低人类健康风险十分必要.基于氨基酸吸收的甲醛净化技术以其绿色高效的除醛效率成为最有应用前景的甲醛净化技术,是当前研究的热点.本文总结了近年来基于氨基酸除醛的研究进展,包括:(1)简...     

黄石市大气PM2.5中水溶性离子浓度特征及来源分析

为研究黄石市大气PM_2.5中水溶性离子组成、质量浓度变化特征及来源,于2012年3月-2013年2月在湖北省黄石市利用MiniVol颗粒物采样器采集PM_2.5样品,用离子色谱分析了9种水溶性离子（NH₄+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+、K+、Cl-、NO₃-、SO₄2-、F-）的质量浓度,并采用PMF（正定矩阵因子分析法）模型讨论了不同离子的来源.结果表明:观测期间黄石市大气PM_2.5中ρ（总水溶性离子）的年均值为（61.5±26.8）μg/m3,占ρ（PM_2.5）的63.9%,各离子质量浓度的高低顺序依次为ρ（SO₄2-）> ρ（NO₃-）> ρ（NH₄+）> ρ（Na+）> ρ（Cl-）> ρ（Ca2+）> ρ（K+）> ρ（F-）> ρ（Mg2+）.二次无机离子SNA（为SO₄2-、NO₃-和NH₄+的统称）是水溶性离子的主要成分,占全部所测水溶性离子的74.4%.ρ（NO₃-）/ρ（SO₄2-）范围为0.12~1.29,平均值为0.53±0.30,说明全年观测点附近主要以固定源污染为主.4个季节的SOR（硫氧化率）和NOR（氮氧化率）均大于0.10,说明黄石市PM_2.5中的SO₄2-和NO₃-主要是经二次转化形成的.阴、阳离子相关性研究发现,4个季节阴、阳离子总体相关性（R2为0.98）较好,并且全年PM_2.5组分偏酸性.通过PMF模型源解析发现,黄石市大气PM_2.5中水溶性离子主要来源于燃烧源、二次转化源和土壤/矿物扬尘源.研究显示,黄石市大气PM_2.5中主要水溶性离子成分是SNA,燃烧、二次转化和土壤/矿物扬尘是其主要来源.      

西安市道路PM2.5 NO2 CO水平浓度分布特征

为获得西安市道路PM_2.5、NO₂和CO的水平浓度分布特征,选取小寨和秦岭环山路作为西安市城区道路和郊区道路的代表,采用水平分布的监测方法获得了每条道路距离道路边缘0、15和50 m处的ρ（PM_2.5）、ρ（NO₂）和ρ（CO）.结果表明:与秦岭环山路（下称秦岭）相比,城区观测点小寨的ρ（PM_2.5）、ρ（NO₂）和ρ（CO）分别为（88±50）（78.6±29.8）μg/m3和（1.5±0.3）mg/m3,均高于秦岭三者的质量浓度[分别为（55±23）（47.9±19.8）μg/m3和（1.4±0.1）mg/m3].在空间分布上,ρ（PM_2.5）、ρ（NO₂）、ρ（CO）水平梯度分布明显.与距离道路边缘0 m处相比,小寨ρ（PM_2.5）在距离道路边缘15和50 m处分别减少了6.48%、7.96%,秦岭减少了5.45%、9.09%;小寨ρ（NO₂）在15和50 m处分别减少了8.57%、14.29%,秦岭减少了15.45%、24.89%;在距离道路边缘50 m处小寨ρ（CO）减少了25.00%,而秦岭在距离道路边缘15和50 m处分别减少了25.00%、41.67%.研究显示,来自于机动车排放的PM_2.5、NO₂和CO在道路两侧有明显的距离效应,并且郊区观测点水平递减更明显.      

First workshop on indoor air pollution and advanced air pollution control technologies Kumamoto, Japan, January 8 — 11, 2016

正The First Workshop on Indoor Air Pollution and Control was held in Kumamoto,Japan,and its success was due in large measure to the efforts of the local host Prof.Daizhou Zhang from Prefectural University of Kumamoto and his students.The workshop was sponsored by the China Association of Aerosol Science and     

Study on polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins and dibenzofurans in rivers and estuaries in Osaka Bay in Japan

In order to search the source of polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) in blue mussel in Osaka bay, sediments from Osaka bay and from rivers running near an urban municipal incinerator were analysed for PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs. The river and estuary sediments were all found to be contaminated with PCDDs at average levels of 9.8 and 12ppb on the dry basis, PCDFs of 7.8 and 5.1 ppb, and PCBs of 1600 and 1300ppb, respectively. The two sediments contained similar profiles of specific isomers and congeners of PCDDs and PCDFs with each other. In addition, there was observed positive close correlations between PCDD and PCDF levels in the two specimens as well as fly ash from urban municipal incinerators. These allow the conclusion that the main source of the two chemicals in Osaka bay is fly ash from waste incineration.