潜水服的特点及发展趋势

潜水服是指完全沉入水里、并在压力环境中进行活动的潜水人员所穿的衣服，它是潜水装具的重要组成部分。潜水服除了能够防御水下生物等对潜水员的伤害外，最主要的是保护潜水员在高水压、低水温环境中不受寒冷的影响，即预防体热丧失，维持正常的人体生理学温度，以便进行安全有效的水下作业。     

Trichloroethylene degradation by PVA-coated calcium peroxide nanoparticles in Fe(II)-based catalytic systems: enhanced performance by citric acid and nanoscale iron sulfide

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, the enhanced trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation performance was investigated by polyvinyl alcohol coated calcium peroxide...     

金沙江中游地区山茶属植物资源及其应用前景

金沙江中游地区山茶属植物资源非常丰富，种类２５种１变种，多度、频度都较大、所产种子富含油脂，油质好、无污染，是理想的食用油和工业用油，精提的山茶油是极好的护肤、护发用品，并发现了很有价值的优良育种材料，如开白花的四倍体山茶。     

焦化厂生化出水电解脱色工艺及其机理的初步研究

针对焦化废水经萃取(蒸氨)脱酚和生化处理后的出水水质的特点,研究用铝板作为电极电解该废水的脱色效果,研究了废水pH、电解槽电压、时间等因素对其色度去除率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺参数为:pH=4、电解槽电压=10V、时间=30min,此时色度去除率可达93.6%,COD的去除率也可以达到61.78%。采用GCMS分析了电解前后废水中的有机物成分,探讨了形成高色度水质的原因、有机物的去除及脱色机理。     

光辅助下TiO2-蒙脱土复合材料抑杀蓝藻

以TiCl4和钠基蒙脱土为原料,采用水解法制备了TiO2-蒙脱土复合材料,采用XRD、IR和TEM对其结构和性质进行表征;通过藻细胞的内含物含量、生长代谢活性和形态的变化以及藻细胞膜脂质过氧化分析,研究了TiO2-蒙脱土复合材料在光辅助下去除颤藻的性能.结果表明, TiO2-蒙脱土复合材料中一部分TiO2插入蒙脱层间,增加了蒙脱土的层间距,另一部分以锐钛矿相均匀分散在蒙脱土上;在紫外光辅助下,TiO2-蒙脱土的用量为 50.0 mg/L,1 h后颤藻的除藻率可达94.58%;TiO2-蒙脱土通过光催化作用破坏藻细胞膜、降解藻细胞内含物、降低藻细胞代谢活性和破坏藻细胞形态,从而产生抑藻作用.     

Analysis of waste-to-energy conversion efficiencies based on different estimation methods in Seoul area

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Although waste-to-energy (WtE) may reduce the amount of waste disposed and recover the heat in the form of electricity or steam, it has limitations...     

Degradation and mineralization of cellulose acetate in simulated thermophilic compost environments

Residual cellulose acetate (CA) films with initial degree of substitution (DS) values of 1.7 and 2.5 (CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5) were recovered from a simulated thermophilic compost exposure and characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine changes in polymer molecular weight and DS and to study microbial colonization and surface morphology, respectively. During the aerobic degradation of CA DS-1.7 and CA DS-2.5 films exposed for 7 and 18 days, respectively, the number-average molecular weight (M _n) of residual polymer decreased by 30.4% on day 5 and 20.3% on day 16, respectively. Furthermore, a decrease in the degree of substitution from 1.69 to 1.27 (4-day exposure) and from 2.51 to 2.18 (12-day exposure) was observed for the respective CA samples. In contrast, CA films (DS-1.7 and DS-2.5) which were exposed to abiotic control vessels for identical time periods showed no significant changes inM _n and DS. SEM photographs of CA (DS-1.7 and DS-2.5) film surfaces after compost exposures revealed severe erosion and corresponding microbial colonization. Similar exposure times for CA films in abiotic control vessels resulted in only minor changes in surface characteristics by SEM observations. The conversion of CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5 to CO₂ was monitored by respirometry. In these studies, powdered CA was placed in a predigested compost matrix which was maintained at 53°C and 60% moisture content throughout the incubation period. A lag phase of 10- and 25-day duration for CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5, respectively, was observed, after which the rate of degradation increased rapidly. Mineralization of exposed CA DS-1.7 and DS-2.5 powders reported as the percentage theoretical CO₂ recovered reached 72.4 and 77.6% in 24 and 60 days, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that microbial degradation of CA films exposed to aerobic thermophilic laboratory-scale compost reactors not only results in film weight loss but also causes severe film pitting and a corresponding decrease in chainM _n and degree of substitution for the residual material. Furthermore, conversions to greater than 70% of the theoretical recovered CO₂ for CA (DS 1.7 and 2.5) substrates indicate high degrees of CA mineralization.Guest Editor: Dr. Graham Swift, Rohm & Haas.     

7级强震备震过程的科普宣传及其减灾意义

随着中国经济的持续发展,公众对高质量生活充满渴望,对防震减灾和社会安全产生了强烈需求.联系到国家科技战略层次高度重视科普宣传的最新动态,提出了7级强震备震科普宣传工作的概念,从备震科普宣传的一般问题、7级强震备震科普宣传的重点问题及意义等方面展开了初步研究讨论.     

青鳉鱼的行为特征提取研究

采用生物行为传感器获取青鳉鱼的行为数据时,青鳉鱼个体差异会导致采集到的原始电信号在时空特性下完全不同。重要的行为特征往往被隐藏在原始信号中,传统的信号处理方法无法实时而有效地提取到这些特征。针对这个问题,观察并记录了暴露实验前后青鳉鱼的行为变化,提出了一种可以高效表征行为特征的直方图统计算法。实验结果表明,该方法能够准确对应人眼观测到的暴露实验前后鱼的行为变化趋势,同时也为后续异常行为识别提供一定的支持和参考。     

青霉素G钾在蔬菜地土壤中的降解动力学研究

为确定青霉素G钾(penicillin G potassium,PG)在土壤中的半衰期和降解动力学,选择灭菌与未灭菌、施肥与未施肥蔬菜地土壤作为基质,研究了PG在不同基质中的降解曲线,并拟合了降解动力学方程。结果表明,PG在蔬菜地土壤中的半衰期为1.61～1.67 d,最终降解率均达到99.7%以上,但PG不会完全降解,仍会以较低的水平(21～73μg·kg-1)在土壤中长期存在。降解动力学方程拟合结果表明,PG的初始浓度会对降解速率产生影响,初始浓度越高,降解速率越快。在灭菌与未灭菌土壤中降解曲线显示其降解过程受生物和非生物作用共同影响,但添加有机肥的降解过程和未添加组没有显著差异。由于PG在土壤中不能被完全降解,从而增加了诱导抗性基因产生及转移的风险。