城市生活垃圾中酞酸酯的微生物降解

从酞酸酯生产厂排污沟中分离到４株酞酸酯降解菌，分属镰孢属（Ｆｕｓａｒｉｕｍ　ｓｐ．）、醇母属（Ｓａｃｃｈａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ　ｓｐ．）、不动杆菌属（Ａｃｉｎｅｔｏｂａｃｔｅｒ　ｓｐ．）、黄单孢菌属（Ｘａｎｔｈｏｍｏｎａｓ　ｓｐ．）。在酞酸酯剂量为５０、２５μｇ／ｍＬ水平的纯培养条件下，４株单菌对酞酸酯的降解率达到７２％－７７％，混合菌的降解率还可提高近１０％。在垃圾堆肥中酞酸酯剂量为１９７μｇ／ｇ的水平下，将降解菌回接堆肥后，不动杆菌属和混合菌对酞酸酯的降解率最高，分别达到７２％和６９％。     

不同农业措施对稻田甲烷排放通量的影响

经过三年的田间试验发现,稻田甲烷排放通量随着农业措施的不同而大幅度地变化。在1990年至1992年的三个晚稻生长季节里,试验地块的甲烷排放通量分别为10.83、25.18及19.85mg/m~2·h。半旱式栽培使甲烷排放量减少了约1/3;施用硫酸铵、烤田、间歇灌溉亦可显著地降低甲烷排放通量。高有机肥与长期淹水是造成稻田甲烷排放量大的主要原因。控制稻田甲烷排放的关键在于调节灌溉水。只要采用合适的灌溉制度。有机肥用量的增加不一定引起甲烷排放量的增大。     

水样中塔崩和磷酸乙酯的气相色谱—质谱测定方法的研究

本文对水样中的塔崩及其降解产物磷酸乙酯的提取方法进行了研究，试验了不同的萃取剂及萃取时溶液的ｐＨ值，优化了萃取条件，在ｐＨ＝９时，二氧甲烷萃取塔崩的回收率较高，三次测定的变异系数小于３．０％，用气相色谱－质谱（ＥＩ方式）法测定了水样中的塔崩和磷酸乙酯。     

污水排海工程设计的初步研究

本文结合我国国情根据混合区边缘污染物背景值以及海域功能，从而确定允许的污染物最大增加值，并具此推算出扩散器长度和起始稀释度。     

泥炭和褐煤对Zn^2＋,Cu^2＋,Pb^2＋等重金属离子的吸附特征

利用天然有机吸附剂泥炭和褐煤对重金属离子Ｚｎ＾２＋，Ｃｕ＾２＋，Ｐｂ＾２＋的单组分水溶液进行吸附研究。对吸附模型，吸附时间，不同吸附剂投放量，金属离子种类等给予表征，基本符合Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附等温线。     

垃圾堆肥对土壤微生物的影响

施垃圾堆肥并种２季蔬菜的潮土、黄棕壤及红壤中细菌、放线菌、真菌、固氮菌、纤维分解菌、亚硝化菌数量，纤维分解强度，呼吸强度和微生物生物量Ｃ、Ｎ含量的测定结果表明：当土壤本身含有的微生物数量多于或少于垃圾堆肥含有的微生物数量时，土壤中的微生物数量会随垃圾堆肥用量的增加而增加；当土壤本身含有的微生物数量与垃圾堆肥相同时，垃圾堆肥用量大小对土壤微生物数量影响不大。微生物生物量Ｃ、Ｎ含量，土壤有机质，全Ｎ，有效Ｐ含量，呼吸强度及纤维分解强度均随垃圾堆肥施用量提高而增加，并呈显著的正相关性。     

用于臭氧分解的负载型双金属催化剂

研究了催化剂载体外形和活性成分对催化剂性能的影响和其他污染物的反应对室内空气造成的二次污染。通过XPS分析说明了反应过程中催化剂表面发生的化学变化及反应机理。最终论述了臭氧分解的重要性以及该催化剂的高活性和长寿命。     

Treatment of coke-plant wastewater by biofilm systems for removal of organic compounds and nitrogen

Coke-plant wastewater was treated by an anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic (A(1)-A(2)-O) biofilm system and an anoxic-aerobic (A/O) biofilm system, respectively. At same or similar levels of hydraulic retention time (HRT), the two systems had almost identical chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH(3) removals, but a different organic-N removal. Set-up of an acidogenic stage benefited for the removal of organic-N and the A(1)-A(2)-O system was more useful for total nitrogen removal than the A-O system. HRT did not have a substantial effect on the COD and NH(3)-N removal efficiencies, but considerably influenced the organic-N removal and distribution of oxidized nitrogen in the final effluent. The GC/MS analysis demonstrated that some refractory compounds were decomposed at the acidogenic stage and resulted in the production of some intermediates, which were more readily degraded in the subsequent aerobic stage. Hence, the A(1)-A(2)-O system had better effluent quality than the A-O system in terms of effluent composition.     

三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法去除废水COD实验研究

以对苯二酚模拟废水为处理对象，研究了三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法，并对三维电极法、Fenton法及三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法去除废水COD的效率进行了对比，结果表明，三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法处理效率明显高于普通Fenton法和三维电极法。且最佳工艺条件下，三维电极-Fenton试剂耦合法对模拟对苯二酚废水COD去除率可达92．03％。     

Kinetics of soil ozonation: an experimental and numerical investigation

This study investigates the use of ozone for soil remediation. Batch experiments, in which ozone-containing gas was continuously recycled through a soil bed, were conducted to quantify the rate of ozone self-decomposition and the rates of ozone interaction with soil organic and inorganic matter. Column experiments were conducted to measure ozone breakthrough from a soil column. Parameters such as ozone flow rate, soil mass, and ozonation time were varied in these experiments. After ozone concentration had reached steady state, the total organic carbon concentration was measured for all soil samples. The ozonation efficiency, represented by the ratio of soil organic matter consumed to the total ozone input, was quantified for each experiment. Numerical simulations were conducted to simulate experimentally obtained column breakthrough curves. Experimentally obtained kinetic rate constants were used in these simulations, and the results were in good agreement with experimental data. In contrast to previous studies in which soil inorganic matter was completely ignored, our experiments indicate that soil inorganic matter may also promote depletion of ozone, thus reducing the overall ozonation efficiency. Three-dimensional numerical simulations were conducted to predict the efficacy of ozonation for soil remediation in the field. These simulations indicate that such ozonation can be very effective, provided that effective circulation of ozone is achieved through appropriately placed wells.