土壤及固体废弃物中有机磷农药残留分析方法研究

有机磷农药是继有机氯农药以后被广泛应用的一类农药,它对生物体具有一定毒性,因此对有机磷农药的充分提取及检测就密切关系到人们的饮食安全。传统提取底质中有机磷的方法为索式提取或者采用有机溶剂对土壤直接萃取,而本文采用亲水溶剂对土壤进行萃取,并通过固相萃取技术对其进一步纯化,气相色谱-质谱法检测,对多种有机磷农药的分离度较好。     

人工湿地污水处理系统中氧化亚氮的释放规律研究

利用静态箱-气相色谱法研究了潜流和表面流人工湿地系统中N2O的释放规律和相关的氨氧化细菌.结果表明,潜流和表面流人工湿地的N2O平均通量分别为296.5μg.(m2.h)-1和28.2μg.(m2.h)-1,总体上均表现为大气N2O的排放源,前者的N2O平均释放通量高于农田、森林、草原和沼泽湿地等生态系统,潜流方式促进了N2O的释放.潜流和表面流人工湿地N2O通量有较大的月份差异和明显的日变化特征,最高值出现在7月,分别为(762.9±239.3)μg.(m2.h)-1和(91.9±20.3)μg.(m2.h)-1,一天中的极大值和极小值分别出现在中午和凌晨.温度和芦苇的生长情况对N2O通量有一定的影响.人工湿地系统进水端,较高浓度的污水和充足的碳、氮源,促进了硝化和反硝化过程,使得N2O通量均高于出水端.克隆结果表明,人工湿地污水处理系统中与N2O产生相关的氨氧化细菌主要为Nitrosomonas和Nitrosospira.     

汶川Ms8．0地震地质灾害发育特征及诱发因素分析——以北川县为例

地面破坏效应强烈和地震地质灾害严重是汶川Ms8．0地震震害效应的显著特点。地震地质灾害的分布与地震断层的分布密切相关,同时还受自然地理、地层岩性、地质构造和人类活动的影响和控制。论文结合北川县场地条件的分析,对汶川Ms8．0地震中北川县地震地质灾害的发育特征、形成条件及诱发因素进行了系统总结。地震地质灾害分布与地震断层的关系表明地震对次生地质灾害起到了主要的控制与触发作用。     

Total pollution effect of urban surface runoff

For pollution research with regard to urban surface runo , most sampling strategies to date have focused on di erences in land usage. With single land-use sampling, total surface runo pollution e ect cannot be evaluated unless every land usage spot is monitored. Through a new sampling strategy known as mixed stormwater sampling for a street community at discharge outlet adjacent to river, this study assessed the total urban surface runo pollution e ect caused by a variety of land uses and the pollutants washed o from the rain pipe system in the Futian River watershed in Shenzhen City of China. The water quality monitoring indices were COD (chemical oxygen demand), TSS (total suspend solid), TP (total phosphorus), TN (total nitrogen) and BOD (biochemical oxygen demand). The sums of total pollution loads discharged into the river for the four indices of COD, TSS, TN, and TP over all seven rainfall events were very di erent. The mathematical model for simulating total pollution loads was established from discharge outlet mixed stormwater sampling of total pollution loads on the basis of four parameters: rainfall intensity, total land area, impervious land area, and pervious land area. In order to treat surface runo pollution, the values of MFF30 (mass first flush ratio) and FF30 (first 30% of runo volume) can be considered as split-flow control criteria to obtain more e ective and economical design of structural BMPs (best management practices) facilities.     

Seasonal variation of potential denitrification rates of surface sediment from Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, China

The regulatory effects of environmental factors on denitrification were studied in the sediments of Meiliang Bay, Taihu Lake, in a monthly sampling campaign over a one-year period. Denitrification rates were measured in slurries of field samples and enrichment experiments using the acetylene inhibition technique. Sediment denitrification rates in inner bay and outer bay ranged from 2.8 to 51.5 nmol N2/(g dw (dry weight)·hr) and from 1.5 to 81.1 nmol N2/(g dw·hr), respectively. Sediment denitrification rates were greatest in the spring and lowest in the summer and early autumn, due primarily to seasonal differences in nitrate concentration and water temperature. For each site, positive and linear relationships were regularly observed between denitrification rate and water columnn itrate concentration. Of various environmental factors on denitrification that we assessed, nitrate was determined to be the key factor limiting denitrification rates in the sediments of Meiliang Bay. In addition, at the two sites denitrification rates were also regulated by temperature. The addition of organic substrates had no significant effect on denitrification rate, indicating that sediment denitrification was not limited by organic carbon availability in the sediments. Nitrate in the water column was depleted during summer and early autumn, and this suppressed effective removal of nitrogen from Taihu Lake by denitrification.     

几种复合载体材料固定化活性污泥的性能及在废水中的应用

制备了几种复合载体材料固定化活性污泥小球,比较了固定化活性污泥的性能及对废水COD的去除率。结果表明,固定化活性污泥比游离态的活性污泥对废水COD的去除率高,其中藻酸钠复合活性炭及壳聚糖复合硅藻土固定化活性污泥对废水COD的去除率较好,当取代度为1.54的羧甲基壳聚糖复合硅藻土固定化活性污泥,废水COD去除率最大4,8 h去除率可达61.2%。     

浅谈基层环境信访案例的成因及对策

针对当前环保信访工作中环境污染信访案例的特点,分析形成重复信访的原因,并结合工作实践,提出了解决基层重复信访的对策。     

高性能防护织物

近年来,高性能防护织物已成为技术纺织品的重要分支。本文就应用最广的热防护织物和恶劣天气防护织物进行介绍和论述,以期引起有关科技人员的重视,共同研究开发,使我国的高性能纺织品有较快的发展。     

铜陵铜矿尾矿的不良特性对植被重建的影响与治理对策

铜矿尾矿库是人为造成的类似沙漠化的景观,它占用土地并带来严重的环境问题,而植被重建是恢复矿区生态系统的主要措施。本文分析了铜陵铜矿尾矿的不良特性对植被重建的影响,提出了相应的治理对策     

不同磷效率基因型小麦对VAM真菌依赖性的影响因子及机理

以高、中、低效３ 个磷效率基因型小麦为试材,在ｗ（Ｐ２Ｏ５） ＝２０ ｍｇｋｇ 和６０ ｍｇｋｇ 的水平下,接种或不接种两个ＶＡ菌根真菌Ｇｌｏｍｕｓ ｍｏｓｓｅａｅ 和Ｇｌｏｍｕｓｖｅｒｓｉｆｏｒｍｅ,研究了影响小麦菌根依赖性的因子及机理．结果表明,在低磷水平下,小麦菌根依赖性的大小顺序为中效＞ 低效＞ 高效;对Ｇ． ｖｅｒｓｉｆｏｒｍ 的依赖性大于对Ｇ． ｍｏｓｓｅａｅ 的依赖性;而在高磷水平下,接种菌根表现出不同程度的生长抑制作用．相关分析发现,菌根依赖性与根冠比、根长、根毛长度、根毛密度、磷利用效率之间的相关性不显著;在低磷水平下,菌根依赖性与磷效率、根吸收效率之间呈极显著的负相关,与韧皮部蔗糖运输速率之间呈显著或极显著的正相关．认为影响不同磷效率基因型小麦菌根依赖性的主要因子是根的吸收效率;菌根依赖性、磷效率和韧皮部蔗糖运输速率均受根吸收效率影响