快速测定水中有机磷农药方法的研究

研制出一种能快速测定水中有机磷农药的植物酯酶片和底物片。这种酶片和底物片具有价格低,易获取、稳定性好等优点,适用于野外无仪器设备条件下快速检测有机磷农药危险水平,对常用几种有机磷农药来说,其检出限在０．０４－１０．０ｍｇ．ｌ＾－１范围。     

微囊藻毒素及其与其他环境污染物的联合毒性研究进展

微囊藻毒素(microcystins,MCs)是一种蓝藻代谢产物,在全球富营养淡水生态系统中广泛分布,高浓度的MCs不仅对水生生物造成负面影响,还会与水体中共存污染物发生相互作用,影响彼此在生物体内转化代谢和毒性效应.因此,开展MCs与多种环境污染物的复合污染对不同生物的毒性研究十分必要,其对水体复合污染风险评价和防控...     

废水处理新技术中的超临界水氧化法

超临界水氧化法是一种有效处理有机废水的方法,本文在总结超临界水的特点和优点的基础上,着重介绍了超临界水氧化的基本原理,工艺流程及应用状况,探讨该项技术的前景与发展趋势。、     

好氧污泥对17β-雌二醇吸附性能的研究

研究了好氧活性污泥与失活好氧污泥对17β-雌二醇的吸附性能.17β-雌二醇初始质量浓度为500～10 000 ng/L,采用失活好氧污泥进行吸附,考察了吸附平衡时间、pH与温度对吸附的影响.研究结果表明,失活好氧污泥对17β-雌二醇的吸附在30 min内达到平衡;pH在6～9时对吸附没有影响,pH为9以上时,随着pH升高吸附量减少;温度升高吸附能力降低;其吸附符合Freundlich吸附,且呈线性吸附.在10、20、30 ℃时,Freundlich吸附常数KF分别为91.81、80.65、61.49 L/kg,分配系数Kd分别为561.80、 435.60、306.70 L/kg.另外研究了20 ℃时好氧活性污泥的KF与Kd,它们分别为91.72、514.90 L/kg,与同温下失活好氧污泥的KF和Kd差别均小于20%.     

Modeling and simulation study of the stoichiometric niche space and niche overlap based on the copula method

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - To qualify niche space and niche overlap, the current methods are based on a strict assumption of the normal distribution and restrict dependence to the...     

Physical,chemical and biological behaviour of fumigants on cottonseed

Fumigation is required to protect cottonseed in storage and pre-shipment from insect pests and/or microorganisms. Fumigation of cottonseed with carbon disulphide (CS₂), carbonyl sulphide (COS), ethanedinitrile (C₂N₂), ethyl formate (EF), methyl bromide (MB) and phosphine (PH₃) showed that >85% of the fumigants disappeared within 5?h of exposure. COS maintained >20?mg L^–1 for 24?h. After 1?day of aeration, 75%–85% of the absorbed COS and MB and 20%–40% of the absorbed CS₂, EF and PH₃ were released from treated cottonseed. The fumigant residues were reduced by 80% for COS, 50% for EF or MB and 25% for CS₂ after 1?day of aeration. After 13?days of aeration, fumigant residues were reduced by 95% for MB, 65% for EF, 55% for CS₂ and to natural levels in the COS residue. Carbon disulphide, COS, PH₃, EF and C₂N₂ had no effect on the germination of cottonseed, but germination was reduced to 50% by MB. COS has potential as a fumigant for control of insect pests in cottonseed because it dissipates quickly and does not negatively impact germination. On the other hand, MB appears to strongly absorb and requires an extended period for residues to dissipate, and it negatively impacts germination.     

Clay mineral adsorbents for heavy metal removal from wastewater: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - Heavy metal pollution such as water contamination by Pb, Hg, Cu, Cd and Cr ions is induced by rapid urbanization and industrialization and is a major threat to...     

Household hazardous waste quantification,characterization and management in China’s cities: A case study of Suzhou

A four-stage systematic tracking survey of 240 households was conducted from the summer of 2011 to the spring of 2012 in a Chinese city of Suzhou to determine the characteristics of household hazardous waste (HHW) generated by the city. Factor analysis and a regression model were used to study the major driving forces of HHW generation. The results indicate that the rate of HHW generation was 6.16 (0.16–31.74, 95% CI) g/person/day, which accounted for 2.23% of the household solid waste stream. The major waste categories contributing to total HHW were home cleaning products (21.33%), medicines (17.67%) and personal care products (15.19%). Packaging and containers (one-way) and products (single-use) accounted for over 80% of total HHW generation, implying a considerable potential to mitigate HHW generation by changing the packaging design and materials used by manufacturing enterprises. Strong correlations were observed between HHW generation (g/person/day) and the driving forces group of “household structure” and “consumer preferences” (among which the educational level of the household financial manager has the greatest impact). Furthermore, the HHW generation stream in Suzhou suggested the influence of another set of variables, such as local customs and culture, consumption patterns, and urban residential life-style. This study emphasizes that HHW should be categorized at its source (residential households) as an important step toward controlling the HHW hazards of Chinese cities.     

酸性橙7在PbO2/Ti和IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti电极上的电催化氧化

采用PbO2/Ti和IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti电极对酸性橙7(AO7)模拟废水进行了电解处理实验研究。考察了2种电极上不同电流密度条件下AO7的去除率、反应动力学、COD去除效果及瞬时电流效率,结果表明,在相同条件下,PbO2/Ti电极表现出更好的处理效率、更适合用于AO7的矿化。循环伏安(CV)曲线表明,PbO2/Ti电极具有更高的析氧电位且在AO7电解液中出现了氧化峰,说明PbO2/Ti电极对AO7具有更好的催化活性和直接氧化能力。紫外可见光谱对比分析表明,IrO2-Ta2O5/Ti电极对AO7的结构破坏速度缓慢且伴随苯胺等中间产物产生,对AO7的矿化程度弱。对比结果说明PbO2/Ti电极更适合于偶氮类染料废水的电催化氧化处理。     

Assessment of long-range transport potential of polychlorinated Naphthalenes based on three-dimensional QSAR models

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Experimentally determined octanol–air partition coefficients (K OA) for 43 polychlorinated naphthalene (PCN) congeners and experimentally...