利用三七渣固态发酵灵芝菌的研究

以川芝6号为发酵菌种,对三七渣固态发酵灵芝菌的培养基制备条件进行了研究和优化。结果表明,优化的培养基制备条件为采用过60目筛的三七渣,酵母粉添加量5%(质量分数,下同),磷酸二氢钾添加量0.025%,培养基含水量70%,不调节初始pH。在此条件下进行灵芝发酵,发酵培养物中灵芝菌丝体的质量分数最高可达31.27%。     

油气田工程职业病危害控制效果评价常见问题与对策

根据建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价技术导则要求,通过对油气田地面工程职业病危害控制效果评价及职业病防护设施竣工验收的实践经验,归纳评价过程中现场调查及检测常见的实际问题及难点,总结经验,探讨解决对策,使油气田建设项目职业病危害控制效果评价更加科学、公正、客观、真实。     

Ground-level ozone in the Pearl River Delta region: Analysis of data from a recently established regional air quality monitoring network

The ambient air quality monitoring data of 2006 and 2007 from a recently established Pearl River Delta (PRD) regional air quality monitoring network are analyzed to investigate the characteristics of ground-level ozone in the region. Four sites covering urban, suburban, rural and coastal areas are selected as representatives for detailed analysis in this paper. The results show that there are distinct seasonal and diurnal cycles in ground-level ozone across the PRD region. Low ozone concentrations are generally observed in summer, while high O₃ levels are typically found in autumn. The O₃ diurnal variations in the urban areas are larger than those at the rural sites. The O₃ concentrations showed no statistically significant difference between weekend and weekdays in contrast to the findings in many other urban areas in the world. The average ozone concentrations are lower in urban areas compared to the sites outside urban centers. Back trajectories are used to show the major air-mass transport patterns and to examine the changes in ozone from the respective upwind sites to a site in the center of the PRD (Wanqingsha). The results show higher average ozone concentrations at the upwind sites in the continental and coastal air masses, but higher 1 h-max O₃ concentrations (by 8–16 ppbv) at the center PRD site under each of air-mass category, suggesting that the ozone pollution in the PRD region exhibits both regional and super-regional characteristics.     

人工湿地系统微生物去除污染物的研究进展

人工湿地污水处理系统具有净化效果显著、建设和运行费用低廉、管理简便等优点,近年来越来越受到人们的重视。人工湿地是利用介质、植物和微生物构成的复合系统来处理污水。微生物在人工湿地系统净化污水过程中发挥着重要作用。介绍了人工湿地系统中微生物去除污染物的研究进展,重点讨论了人工湿地对污染物和特殊有机污染物的去除以及系统基质中微生物的种群和活性等内容,并结合我国研究现状展望了该领域的研究前景。人工湿地系统微生物对污染物去除将成为人工湿地生态系统服务功能评价、人工湿地生态系统健康与稳定的诊断的重要组成部分。     

巢湖藻华易堆积区蓝藻时空分布的研究

巢湖西半湖采样分析结果表明夏季蓝藻水华主要集聚于湖滨带。因此选择西半湖藻华易堆积的区域,并监测在风力驱使下蓝藻水华的时空分布规律,分析湖滨带浮游植物生物量与理化因子的相关性。结果表明：湖滨带水华生物量的分布容易受到风向和天气的影响;水体的叶绿素a浓度与总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）和高锰酸钾指数（CODMn）呈显著的正相关（p<001）;湖滨带水体中微囊藻（Microcystis）的生物量几乎占据水体总浮游植物生物量的95%以上,而且越靠近湖岸带微囊藻的生物量所占的比例越大。据此,可以选择湖滨带水华易聚集区作为蓝藻水华尤其是微囊藻去除的重点区域,以有效地削减蓝藻水华污染,从而为巢湖水生态系统的修复创造条件     

果树缺铁矫正新技术—高渗液注射法

本文概述了植物的铁素营养、果材缺铁黄化病的诊断治疗方法，论述了高涌液注射法矫治果树缺铁黄化病的理论、假说、树木微型注射器、克黄灵高渗液、树干穴位注射法、树干穴位插管法及其应用前景。     

Coping,individual differences,and strain: A longitudinal study of short-term role overload

This study attempted to determine which personality dimensions and coping strategies would reduce or prevent strain in a context of naturally-occurring short-term role overload. Subjects were 106 adult undergraduate evening students enrolled in an intensive three-week summer school session. The median age was 26 years, and 72 per cent of the students worked full-time. Using a repeated-measures panel design, the study tested the effectiveness of three types of coping derived from Hall's (1972) typology. Longitudinal analysts using cross-lagged correlations and structural regressions showed little support for the predicted effects of Hall's three types of coping on subsequent strain. However, a fourth type of coping, Planned Task Management emerged during the analysis and showed a reciprocal relationship with strain. Both variables appeared to influence each other over time, although the effect of prior coping on subsequent strain was slightly but not significantly stronger. Also, alienation (defined as lack of commitment) had a significant moderator effect on the relationship between perceived overload and strain.     

Streamside Management Zones Compromised by Stream Crossings,Legacy Gullies,and Over‐Harvest in the Piedmont

Streamside management zone (SMZ) breakthroughs were identified and characterized to determine frequency and potential causes, in order to provide enhanced guidance for future water quality protection. Ten kilometers of SMZs were carefully examined for partial or complete breakthroughs. With partial breakthroughs the SMZ trapped sediment before it reached the stream, while complete breakthroughs appeared to have allowed sediment to have passed through with minimal restriction. A total of 41 breakthroughs occurred (33 complete, 8 partial) across 16 sites, averaging 1 complete breakthrough per 0.3 km of SMZ length. The most common complete breakthroughs were caused by stream crossings (42%), reactivation of legacy agricultural gullies (27%), and harvest related soil disturbances near/within SMZs (24%). Pearson correlations of site characteristics at breakthroughs indicated no strong relationships between breakthrough sites, representing the variable nature of these unique circumstances. Stream crossings are an intentional breakthrough for access purposes, but resulting environmental impacts can be reduced with best management practice implementation. Current recommendations for SMZs tend to work in most situations, yet further research is needed to identify causal factors and quantify breakthrough severity.     

Preconditions of three types of alienation in young managers and professionals

The study tested predictions derived from Korman (1977) and from Sarason (1977) about factors leading to alienation among occupationally-successful young adults. The sample consisted of 434 college graduates (median age = 29 years), 85 per cent of whom were employed full-time. Respondents completed self-report questionnaires including measures of family and college background; expectations at college graduation for positive outcomes in personal, interpersonal, and work areas; current fulfilment in each of these areas; and alienation (estrangement from self, other people, and occupation or profession). Results of subgroup analysis showed that respondents whose backgrounds included high socio-economic status and graduation from elite colleges were more likely than other subjects to experience alienation when encountering lack of fulfilment. However, moderator regressions failed to show similar moderator effects, indicating that family and college backgrounds may produce discontinuous and qualitatively different subgroup effects. One implication of this study is to suggest more care in selecting individuals for high-risk job assignments with low probability of success.     

锰铈脱硝催化剂的制备及其再生性能研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了一系列Mn-Ce-Ox复合氧化物脱硝催化剂用于NH3选择性催化还原(NH3-SCR)NO。考察了Mn/Ce摩尔比、焙烧温度、H2O和SO2对Mn-Ce-Ox复合氧化物脱硝催化剂活性的影响及催化剂中毒再生性能。结果表明:当NH3:NO=1:1,空速为5 000 h-1,550℃焙烧制得的Mn/Ce摩尔比为5∶1的Mn-Ce-Ox复合脱硝催化剂活性最佳,活性温度窗口为100~260℃,在此温度区间内催化剂活性大于90%。200℃时,Mn-Ce-Ox复合催化剂活性最高为97.84%;在10%(V/V)H2O蒸汽和300×10-6SO2共存条件下,200℃时,催化剂活性在开始反应2.5 h内迅速下降至53%左右,并在之后的6 h内没有明显变化;中毒催化剂经常温水洗再生处理、质量分数为3%的硝酸溶液再生处理和550℃焙烧2 h再生处理后200℃活性均能恢复到90%以上,其中中毒催化剂经质量分数为3%硝酸处理后活性恢复率最高。