Leadership: a New Frontier in Conservation Science

Abstract:  Leadership is a critical tool for expanding the influence of conservation science, but recent advances in leadership concepts and practice remain underutilized by conservation scientists. Furthermore, an explicit conceptual foundation and definition of leadership in conservation science are not available in the literature. Here we drew on our diverse leadership experiences, our reading of leadership literature, and discussions with selected conservation science leaders to define conservation-science leadership, summarize an exploratory set of leadership principles that are applicable to conservation science, and recommend actions to expand leadership capacity among conservation scientists and practitioners. We define 2 types of conservation-science leadership: shaping conservation science through path-breaking research, and advancing the integration of conservation science into policy, management, and society at large. We focused on the second, integrative type of leadership because we believe it presents the greatest opportunity for improving conservation effectiveness. We identified 8 leadership principles derived mainly from the "adaptive leadership" literature: recognize the social dimension of the problem; cycle frequently through action and reflection; get and maintain attention; combine strengths of multiple leaders; extend your reach through networks of relationships; strategically time your effort; nurture productive conflict; and cultivate diversity. Conservation scientists and practitioners should strive to develop themselves as leaders, and the Society for Conservation Biology, conservation organizations, and academia should support this effort through professional development, mentoring, teaching, and research.     

短期填埋龄垃圾堆体内微生物群落结构与种群分布特征

填埋垃圾的稳定化过程一般经历好氧过渡、水解酸化、初期产甲烷及稳定产甲烷阶段,固相垃圾的厌氧水解酸化阶段常被视为垃圾降解的限速步骤,而这一阶段微生物的降解作用是影响垃圾稳定化进程的关键.以青岛市小涧西生活垃圾填埋场短期填埋龄垃圾为研究对象,采用MiSeq高通量测序研究了填埋龄0～1、1.0～1.5、1.5～2 a垃圾堆体内微生物的群落结构多样性及种群分布特征.结果表明,0～1 a填埋龄垃圾微生物多样性高于1.0～1.5 a和1.5～2 a垃圾堆体,且微生物多样性整体上随填埋深度呈降低趋势.参与垃圾降解细菌多样性比真菌更丰富,而真菌多样性随填埋区域、填埋龄的不同呈现更显著的差异.参与短期填埋龄垃圾降解的细菌中,Firmicutes在填埋层上层为优势菌门,最大比例达到65%,Proteobacteria在填埋层中下层为优势菌门,最大比例达到88%.填埋上层细菌菌属以Defluviitoga、Aerococcus、Clostridium III和Proteiniphilum为主,而在中下层以Thiopseudomonas、Sporosarcina和Eionea为主.真菌主要包括3个菌门,Ascomycota在各点位均为最优势菌门,属水平上Kernia及Aspergillus作为常见的腐生菌属,在不同点位均有较高的丰度.冗余分析表明短期填埋龄垃圾堆体内微生物不同时空分布存在显著差异性,且细菌群落结构的变化受pH值影响较大,而真菌群落结构的变化与垃圾有机质密切相关.     

油罐区泄漏及火灾危险危害评价

对某大型油罐区进行泄漏及火灾的危险危害评价.采用毒性物质泄漏扩散模型模拟油罐的泄漏事故,得出了泄漏介质在罐区附近的等质量浓度分布曲线;采用池火火焰与辐射强度模型,计算油罐、输油管道、汽车装油栈台等发生池火灾时的热辐射强度,并结合不同辐射强度值对人和设备的影响程度,给出了池火灾的影响范围.     

新疆天业循环经济产业链之废渣综合利用项目

介绍了新疆天业(集团)循环经济产业链中的废渣综合治理情况,重点论述了干法乙炔配套干法水泥工艺、粉煤灰蒸压制砖工艺和电石渣烟气脱硫工艺。这些废渣综合利用技术不仅解决了长期困扰电石法聚氯乙烯装置废渣处理问题,更为企业带来了较好的经济效益和环保效益,使新疆天业循环经济、节能减排工作得到更全面的发展,同时也为电石法聚氯乙烯循环经济模式的建立提供全方位的示范。