发展旅游对海岛环境的影响及应对策略研究

海岛作为一个独特的地理单元，旅游资源丰富，发展前景广阔，但在海岛旅游迅速发展的同时，海岛环境也受到极大的影响。而海岛又是环境敏感地区，生态环境脆弱，一旦破坏就难以恢复，所以重视海岛旅游出现的环境问题，加强对海岛环境的保护，促进海岛经济的可持续发展应引起广泛的关注和重视。     

Nitrogen evolution during the co-combustion of hydrothermally treated municipal solid waste and coal in a bubbling fluidized bed

Nitrogen evolution was studied during the co-combustion of hydrothermally treated municipal solid wastes (HT MSW) and coal in a bubbling fluidized bed (BFB). HT MSW blending ratios as 10%, 20% and 30% (wt.%) were selected and tested at 700, 800, 900 °C. Emissions of NO and N₂O from blends were measured and compared with the results of mono-combustion trials. Moreover, concentrations of precursors like NH₃ and HCN were also quantified. The results are summarized as follows: NO emissions were predominant in all the cases, which rose with increasing temperature. The blending of HT MSW contributed to the NO reduction. N₂O emissions decreased with temperature rising and the blending of HT MSW also presented positive effects. At 30% HT MSW addition, both NO and N₂O emissions showed the lowest values (391.85 ppm and 55.33 ppm, respectively at 900 °C). For the precursors, more HCN was detected than NH₃ and both played important roles on the gas side nitrogen evolution.     

纳米氧化锌粒径效应对人工湿地运行性能的影响

为考察ZnO NPs粒径效应对人工湿地运行性能的影响,在进水COD约为216.00 mg·L-1、总氮约为11.10 mg·L-1和总磷约为3.84 mg·L-1的条件下连续运行126 d,对暴露于不同粒径ZnO NPs(10.00mg·L-1)的人工湿地脱氮除磷性能、填料渗透系数、胞外聚合物(extracellular polymeric substances,EPS)产量和特性以及微生物群落结构和多样性的变化进行了研究.结果表明:与对照组(未投加ZnONPs)相比,进水中投加15、50和90nm ZnO NPs后,人工湿地对COD的去除率分别下降了8.73％、7.55％和6.97％;氨氮和总氮的去除率分别下降了21.96％和10.95％、17.75％和10.00％以及15.34％和3.78％.高通量测序结果表明,ZnO NPs粒径越小,对硝化菌属Thauera的抑制作用越明显.投加Zn ONPs后,其释放的Zn2+会与水中磷酸盐结合生成磷酸锌等不溶物,同时会增加异养硝化菌Acinetobacter的相对丰度,从而导致总磷的去除率比对照组提高了42.49％～56.38％.此外,与对照组(97.18 mg·g-1)相比,投加15、50和90 nm的ZnO NPs后EPS的产量分别增加到212.97、156.30和128.53 mg·g-1.EPS分泌量的增大,导致填料渗透系数快速降低,在运行83 d后分别下降了71.17％、67.83％和37.50％.     

凹凸棒黏土对水体和底泥中Cr (Ⅵ)的吸附

为考察凹凸棒黏土对水体和底泥中Cr（Ⅵ）污染治理与修复效果,通过实验室模拟试验,运用Langmuir和Frundlich等温吸附模型及准一级和准二级动力学模型,研究了天然凹凸棒黏土对水体中Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附特性,并研究了pH对吸附过程的影响及凹凸棒黏土对底泥中Cr（Ⅵ）金属形态的影响,通过XRF（X-射线荧光光谱仪）和SEM（扫描电镜）确定凹凸棒黏土的化学组成和微观形貌结构.结果表明:天然凹凸棒黏土内部呈纤维状且多孔隙,成分中含有铁、铝、钙等元素,吸附后的材料中发现了Cr元素;Langmuir-Frundlich吸附等温模型（R2=0.996）和准一级动力学模型（R2=0.993）较好地拟合了凹凸棒黏土对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附热力学与动力学过程,动力学模拟的Cr（Ⅳ）平衡吸附量及实测值分别为1.38和1.37 mg/g.溶液pH对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附具有影响,其最佳pH为3,此时吸附率最高,为85.80%.研究显示,向底泥中添加凹凸棒黏土能促使Cr形态由不稳定态（酸溶态和铁铝还原态之和）向稳定态（可氧化态和残渣态之和）转化,从而达到修复底泥中Cr（Ⅵ）污染的目的.      

海平面上升叠加风暴潮对2050年中国海洋经济的影响研究

本研究基于ArcGIS的淹没模型与夜光遥感的GDP空间化处理结果,同时结合对2050年中国海洋经济增长预测,评估海平面上升叠加风暴潮三种情景对中国沿海各省市海洋经济的影响效应。模拟结果表明:海平面上升叠加风暴潮与天文潮的CHmax-0.3 m情景下全国海洋经济损失最大,2050年损失达到35444.59亿元,占海洋生产总值的9.39%;从2050年各省海洋经济损失比例来看（CHmax-0.3 m情景）,辽宁省损失比例最大,其次为广东省,福建省和广西省;从各省海洋经济损失的绝对值来看,在海平面上升0.3 m的三种情景下,广东、辽宁、江苏、山东均为海洋经济损失绝对值最大的四个省份。     

典型挺水植物多酚含量及其抑藻活性的测定

利用植物化感作用抑制有害藻类生长具有廉价、生态安全等优点,近年来备受关注。采用两种多酚提取方法提取并测定了4种挺水植物(菖蒲、香蒲、梭鱼草、水花生)的多酚含量,并研究了植物体内多酚物质对铜绿微囊藻的化感作用。结果表明:不同挺水植物体内多酚含量各异,其浓度范围为2.420~7.298mg/g,且多酚对铜绿微囊藻的生物量增长均具有抑制作用。该研究可为利用植物多酚控制水华的发生提供理论基础。     

金属尖化前缘模型主动式热疏导性能试验研究

目的为了更好地解决高超声速飞行器舵、翼前缘及头锥等气动热环境恶劣区域的热防护问题。方法采用主动式热疏导技术,以高温液态合金为工质,设计并制作具有主动式热疏导功能的尖化前缘金属试验模型(R=5 mm)。根据模型外尺寸设计加工一套石英灯仿形加热器和热流测试模型,开展地面热环境模拟试验。结果试件在前缘中心温度530℃左右时具有瞬态启动特性。前缘中心和大面积中心最大辐射热流密度分别为1000 kw/m^2和580 kw/m^2,试件在该环境中长时间受热状态下仍具有较好的热疏导能力。试验后试件无工质泄漏和结构破坏,具有一定的可重复使用性。结论可以此热疏导方式结合现有成熟热防护技术进一步开展工程设计与应用。     

Identification of key factors governing chemistry in groundwater near the water course recharged by reclaimed water at Miyun County, Northern China

Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ) and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ) and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells (Ca-Mg-HCO3 ). Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods (dry and wet seasons), and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between (sodium, potassium) and (calcium, magnesium). Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater.     

改性聚氨酯载体用于高氨氮废水处理的研究

利用聚丁二酰亚胺对聚氨酯泡沫体进行化学改性处理,研究改性载体固定化微生物处理高氨氮模拟废水的效果。结果表明:当聚氨酯单元与聚丁二酰亚胺单元摩尔比为10∶1时,对泡沫进行改性后聚氨酯泡沫载体亲水性能良好,且具有较高的微生物负载量。改性后泡沫体上具有化学活性的官能团增加,有利于通过载体结合法固定化微生物细胞;,改性后的聚氨酯泡沫体作为微生物固定化载体用于模拟废水处理时,对主要污染指标呈现良好的污染物去除效果。     

季铵盐类离子液体中制备TiO2光催化剂

本文以利用季铵盐类离子液体制备TiO2光催化剂的实验最佳条件为主要研究内容.通过改变季铵盐类离子液体用量,恒温水浴时间,恒温水浴温度,干燥温度等因素探索了制备TiO2光催化的实验条件.最后根据实验结果分析讨论,提出了利用季铵盐类离子液体制备TiO2光催化剂的最佳条件.