上流式多级厌氧反应器处理糖蜜酒精废水的运行特性

采用自主研发的上流式多级厌氧反应器(UMAR)处理糖蜜酒精废水,研究UMAR的运行特性。研究结果表明:UMAR在水力停留时间为7.1h,进水ρ(COD)为10000mg/L,有机负荷为17.6～33.8kg/(m3.d)时COD去除率均高于75%,最高可达81%。UMAR反应器对进水负荷的冲击有良好耐受能力,运行稳定。     

两个高结实率的同源四倍体水稻恢复系农艺性状及细胞遗传学比较研究

以高结实率的同源四倍体水稻恢复系T4002和T4063为材料进行农艺性状及细胞遗传学比较研究.结果表明,T4002和T4063具有大穗、大粒、叶色浓绿、根深杆壮、株型理想、抗倒、适应力强、分蘖较好、结实率高等农艺性状.T4002和T4063染色体组成均为2n=4x=48,花粉母细胞(PMC)具有较为理想的减数分裂行为,配对染色体的比率在99%以上;其平均染色体构型分别为0.05Ⅰ 19.96Ⅱ(9.89rod 10.07ring) 0.01Ⅲ 2.20Ⅳ和0.11 Ⅰ 19.17Ⅱ(8.90rod 10.37ring) 0.09Ⅲ 2.26Ⅳ 0.01 Ⅵ,平均交叉分别为37.470 0和37.042 6.T4002和T4063PMC减数分裂各个时期单价体和三价体的比例低,而中期Ⅰ(MI)PMC观察到较多二价体和四价体,其最大频率的染色体构型分别为12Ⅱ6Ⅳ和10Ⅱ7Ⅳ.MI单价体、三价体和多价体频率,后期Ⅰ(AI)、末期Ⅰ(TI)和末期Ⅱ(TII)异常染色体行为都与花粉育性和结实率呈负相关.AI染色体滞后细胞比率同TI异常细胞比率呈极显著正相关,表明AI染色体滞后是TI微核形成的主要原因.多价体数目与TII异常形成四分孢子的PMC比率显著相关,表明多价体不仅影响AI(相关系数0.72)和TI(相关系数0.79),且显著影响减数分裂Ⅱ染色体分配,从而影响TII正常四分小孢子形成.AI染色体滞后细胞比率同TI异常细胞比率呈极显著正相关,暗示影响AI染色体分离及TI微核形成的基因很可能是显性单基因.图1表5参28     

The differential impact of air pollutants on acute urticaria and chronic urticaria: a time series analysis

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Several studies have revealed a relationship between short-term exposure to air pollution and the exacerbation of certain skin conditions. This study...     

Redundancy analysis for characterizing the groundwater quality in coastal industrial areas

Groundwater quality in coastal area has been an issue of interest because of excessive groundwater extraction for human use, for example, industrialization, irrigation, which can lead to saltwater intrusion. The study develops an integrated data analysis procedure based on multivariate statistics principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA), to determine the effects of key environmental conditions on the formulation of groundwater pollutants. This proposed method was demonstrated by analyzing groundwater quality monitoring data collected between 2011 and 2014 from four coastal industrial areas in Changhua county of Taiwan, namely Chuansing, Xianxi, Lukang and Fangyuan industrial parks. First, different environmental conditions in each industrial region were explored by PCA. The spatial hierarchy and spatial distribution of pollutant categories were then identified using HCA with the kriging method. Finally, the effect of environmental conditions on constitutive pollutants were identified with RDA. The three environmental patterns identified from the analytical results in Chuansing, Lukang and Xianxi were the salination factor (including conductivity and general hardness (GH)), water level and redox condition (including dissolved oxygen and oxidation–reduction potential). Fangyuan industrial park had only two patterns, namely salination (including conductivity and GH) and oxygen content (including DO and depth). The pollutant category indicated high concentrations of all pollutants in Chuansing and Fangyuan, and higher concentration of SO₄^2?, TDS, Cl^? in Xianxi, and of NH₃-N, Mn, Fe and TOC in Lukang. According to RDA results, salination caused the high concentrations of NH₃N, Cl^?, TDS in Chuansing, and of Cl^?, TDS and SO₄^2? in Xianxi and Lukang. Additionally, salination caused high concentrations of Fe in both Lukang and Fangyuan industrial parks in combination with those three pollutants. The redox condition was linked to high content of NO₃^? in Chuansing and Lukang, and of TOC in Xianxi. In Fangyuan industrial park, NO₃^? was also linked to high oxygen concentration. In summary, the combination of PCA, HCA and RDA enables the analysis of monitoring data to support policy decision-making.     

矿山地质环境保护与治理恢复技术探究

矿业工程运作过程中对于矿山环境的影响是必然存在的问题,在环境保护的同时,编写有效的恢复治理方案也是在开展资源获取过程中最为重要的内容,针对这一方面所采用的技术必须达到相关的环保要求,以保证在开采后对于矿藏周边地区的环境不会造成永久性的破坏,而且在实际保护恢复的过程中,需要结合具体环境进行方案制定,保障矿山周边地质环境及自然环境能够得到恢复。     

Evaluation on the development degree of China’s seven pilot carbon markets

China is preparing to establish a nationwide carbon market in 2017, and in order to facilitate this goal, seven pilot carbon markets have been under study for the past few years. This paper summarizes the operation experience and challenges of the seven pilot carbon markets in China. It has been widely accepted that the essence of a carbon market is to solve environmental problems through market mechanisms, with environmental benefit being the fundamental purpose, market mechanism being the key measure, and policies and regulations being an important guarantee for an orderly carbon market. Therefore, this paper constructs an evaluation index system composed of 34 detailed sub-indexes in three dimensions, such as environmental constraint force, market resource allocation ability, and supporting policies and facility completeness. Through analyzing the operation data from 2013 to 2016, the weights of the sub-indexes are obtained. In addition, the study obtains experts’ opinions from over 10 carbon permits exchanges, consultancy firms and research institutions in China, and conducts a comprehensive evaluation on the development degree of the seven pilot carbon markets. Results show that the pilot carbon markets that include private SMEs as the covered entities for emissions control present relatively higher environmental constraint force. But too many covered entities could increase the difficulty of market performance management, while the pilots that include high energy-consuming state-owned enterprises as the entities for emissions control demonstrate a phenomenon of “high market compliance rate with low trading volume”. The resource allocation capability of China’s carbon market has not been effectively brought into play, and low degree of market participation has become an important constraint factor for market development. Due to the lack of laws and regulations at the national macro-level, the legally binding force of the pilot markets construction is obviously insufficient, and the supporting policies are lacking foresights. Generally, the development of China’s pilot carbon markets is still in such a fragmented state as in the aspects of environment, market and policy development, and the market operation has not yet achieved the purpose of solving environmental problems through market mechanisms. Accordingly, policy recommendations pointed out by this study are that tightening the allowance of free quota and progressively increasing the auction proportion, improving legal construction, increasing the services and products of carbon finance and standardizing the order of market transactions, enhancing capacity building of local governments and promoting the participation willingness and capability of emissions control entities, will be necessary.     

中国灾害性对流天气日数的时空变化特征

采用1961~2016年中国2 481站的冰雹、大风、雷暴和闪电日数数据,利用多种数理统计方法,分析了中国4种灾害性对流天气日数时空分布特征、周期变化规律和气候突变特征。结果表明：（1）在时间上,中国4种灾害性对流天气日数呈减少趋势,且冰雹和雷暴日数具有“先增 后减”的分段变化特征。中国冰雹、大风、雷暴和闪电日数分别具有3~5 a、2~3 a、1~2 a和1~4 a左右的振荡周期,且冰雹和雷暴日数分别于2002和1992年发生突变。（2）在空间上,青藏高原 四川西部地区是冰雹、大风和雷暴日数的高值分布区。同时长江以南地区也是雷暴日数的高值分布区。华南及其同纬度的西南地区是闪电日数的高值分布区。（3）在趋势上,中国冰雹日数主要在青藏高原地区呈减少趋势。大风日数变化趋势呈东部减少 中部不变 西部增减镶嵌的空间格局。雷暴日数在西藏、华北、重庆、浙江和黑龙江西北部呈增加趋势。中国闪电日数变化趋势在长江以南地区减少明显。（4）在波动上,中国冰雹日数在东南地区波动较大,大风日数在胡焕庸线以东波动较大。中国雷暴日数波动特征呈西北高 东南低的空间格局,闪电日数除在新疆北部和华南地区波动动较小外,其它地区波动相对较大。     

碳羟磷灰石的制备及其对水中Cu2+的吸附

以废弃蛋壳为原料、尿素为添加剂,采用掺杂技术制备碳羟磷灰石（CHAP）,并用其作吸附剂去除水中的Cu^2＋。考察了Cu^2＋的初始质量浓度、pH、吸附时间、CHAP加入量及温度等因素对CHAP吸附Cu^2＋效果的影响。实验结果表明,在温度40℃、溶液pH6、搅拌1h后静置1h的条件下,用5g／L的CHAP处理Cu^2＋初始质量浓度为60mg／L的水溶液,Cu^2＋去除率为99．30％。吸附等温线基本符合Freundlich和Langmuir方程。     

某铁路辖区创建标准化伙食团验收情况分析

按照《标准化伙食团管理评估考核表》4个类别18项工作任务,对某铁路辖区申报创建标准化伙食团的单位进行验收.结果显示,统一综合管理、设备卫生清洁、人员健康管理、场所卫生清洁工作较为到位,扣分较多集中在控制油盐食品、严格进货查验、统一资料台账和设备容器标识.结合考核验收情况,提出应进一步加强标准化伙食团创建工作、加强各部门...     

Risk assessment for sustainable food security in China according to integrated food security—taking Dongting Lake area for example

Integrated food security covers three aspects: food quantity security, food quality security, and sustainable food security. Because sustainable food security requires that food security must be compatible with sustainable development, the risk assessment of sustainable food security is becoming one of the most important issues. This paper mainly focuses on the characteristics of sustainable food security problems in the major grain-producing areas in China. We establish an index system based on land resources and eco-environmental conditions and apply a dynamic assessment method based on status assessments and trend analysis models to overcome the shortcomings of the static evaluation method. Using fuzzy mathematics, the risks are categorized into four grades: negligible risk, low risk, medium risk, and high risk. A case study was conducted in one of China’s major grain-producing areas: Dongting Lake area. The results predict that the status of the sustainable food security in the Dongting Lake area is unsatisfactory for the foreseeable future. The number of districts at the medium-risk range will increase from six to ten by 2015 due to increasing population pressure, a decrease in the cultivated area, and a decrease in the effective irrigation area. Therefore, appropriate policies and measures should be put forward to improve it. The results could also provide direct support for an early warning system—which could be used to monitor food security trends or nutritional status so to inform policy makers of impending food shortages—to prevent sustainable food security risk based on some classical systematic methods. This is the first research of sustainable food security in terms of risk assessment, from the perspective of resources and the environment, at the regional scale.