改性膨润土负载纳米零价铁处理水污染综述

文章综述了近来膨润土负载纳米零价铁的合成与改性方法,以及不同改性膨润土负载纳米零价铁对不同水相无机和有机污染物的还原降解情况,分析了膨润土的改性方法对纳米零价铁颗粒整体功能活性影响的特性和机理。总结了改性膨润土负载纳米零价铁技术尚需解决的问题和今后研究的发展方向。     

铅蓄电池生产行业铅污染防治技术

从铅蓄电池的生产工艺及产污环节出发,就清洁生产、废气治理、废水治理、危废管理、卫生防护和运行监管等方面提出铅污染防治技术及措施。     

黄曲霉A5p1脱色类黑精及其机理初探:葡萄糖氧化酶的作用

类黑精是一种高分子难降解色素污染物质,在糖蜜酒精废水中大量存在.选取在前期研究中对糖蜜酒精废水具有较好脱色作用的黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)A5p1(保藏号CGMCC.4292),以合成的类黑精为对象研究脱色机理,试图为实际废水的生物脱色提供理论基础.结果显示,此菌株对合成类黑精具有生物吸附和生物降解的双重作用,以后者为主,最高脱色率可达65%.相较于漆酶、依赖/不依赖于锰的过氧化物酶等常规氧化脱色酶,此菌株中的产过氧化氢酶对脱色起主要作用,而且脱色过程中作为产过氧化氢酶之一的葡萄糖氧化酶与类黑精脱色率之间存在着一定的正相关性.添加葡萄糖氧化酶激活剂和抑制剂进行验证,发现葡萄糖氧化酶酶活力、过氧化氢产量和脱色率三者之间呈相关性变化.初步推测,葡萄糖氧化酶是黄曲霉A5p1生物降解脱色类黑精的关键酶之一.     

Transport and anaerobic biodegradation of propylene glycol in gravel-rich soil materials

Continued input of airplane de-icing/anti-icing fluids (ADAF) to runway adjacent soils may result in the depletion of soil-borne terminal electron acceptors. We studied the transport and transformation of propylene glycol (PG), the major constituent of many ADAF, in topsoil and subsoil samples using saturated column experiments at 4 degrees C and 20 degrees C. The export of soil-borne DOC was generally high, non-exhaustive and rate limited. Retardation of added PG was negligible. Rapid PG degradation was observed only in topsoil materials high in organic matter at 20 degrees C. At 4 degrees C, no significant degradation was observed. Thus, under unfavorable, i.e., wet and cold conditions typical for winter de-icing operations, PG and its metabolites will be relocated to deeper soil horizons or even to the groundwater. In subsoil materials, PG degradation was very slow and incomplete. We found that subsoil degradation depended on the import of active microorganisms originating from the organic-rich topsoil material. The degradation efficiency is strongly influenced by the flow velocity, i.e., the residence time of PG in the soil column. Poorly crystalline iron(III) and manganese(IV) (hydr)oxides are used during microbial respiration acting as terminal electron acceptors. This results in the formation and effective relocation of reduced and mobile Fe and Mn species. Long-term application of ADAF to runway adjacent soil as well as the lasting consumption of Fe and Mn will tend to decrease the soil redox potential. Without proper counteractive measures, this will eventually favor the development of methanogenic conditions.     

Sustainable utilization of regional water resources: experiences from the Hai Hua ecological industry pilot zone (HHEIPZ) project in China

Water resource scarcity is becoming more and more serious and greatly restricts sustainable development in many locations. In this paper, the characteristics and implementation of a regional water resource sustainable utilization project in the Hai Hua Ecological Industry Pilot Zone (HHEIPZ) are described. In the project, a three-level water cycle pattern was built to relieve local water resource scarcity. The project was designed to suit the local context and operated at the individual firm level, the inter-firm level, and the regional level. The results show that the three-level water cycle was effective and provided sufficient and continuous water supply for sustainable local development. This paper also analyzes the main responsibility, impetus, and interrelation of the three cycles and gives some suggestions on how to further promote implementation of the three-level water cycle.     

工业化、城市化对耕地数量变化影响差异分析

工业化、城市化进程对耕地资源数量变化产生了重要影响，但工业化、城市化对耕地资源数量的影响机制存在差异。以1990~2005年江苏省数据为基础，通过建立向量自回归模型，运用脉冲响应函数和方差分解方法，分析了工业化、城市化对耕地数量变动率影响的差异。结果表明，耕地数量变动率、工业化水平和城市化水平均呈非平稳变动趋势，但工业化、城市化对耕地数量变动率的作用方向不同，工业化对耕地数量变动率产生负效应，城市化则产生正效应。同时，城市化对耕地数量变化的影响大于工业化带来的影响，并且城市化的影响比工业化的影响更为持久。这意味着，〖JP2〗江苏省工业化和城市化快速增长时期，城市化是耕地数量变化的首要原因。因此，在当前江苏省工业化与城市化非平衡发展的情况下，合理控制城市化进程，提高城市化质量，对于耕地保护具有积极意义。〖     

煤层底板突水的突变理论预测方法及其应用

基于煤层底板突水的尖点突变特征 ,应用突变理论的方法 ,针对煤层底板突水预测指标监测信号 ,分析了单变量序列尖点突变模型及其稳定判据 ,提出了煤层底板突水的突变理论预测方法。实例表明 ,预测结果与现场工程实际情况相一致 ,证明了该方法可望成为预测煤层底板突水危险性的一条新的有效途径     

ESTIMATING ANNUAL FLOOD PROBABILITIES USING FOURIER SERIES METHOD1

ABSTRACT: The Fourier series method is proposed as a feasible non-parametric approach for the estimation of the density and distribution functions of annual floods. Clearly, the goodness of fit to empirical data improves as higher Fourier terms are incorporated, and the choice of a higher term depends on whether the inclusion of this term will reduce the fitting error to within a specified tolerance level. This method was applied to the flood data from eight rivers, and to data simulated from known distributions. The results are clearly better than other parametric methods, just like other non-parametric techniques currently used to estimate annual flood probabilities.     

包装废弃物回收模式探讨

介绍了国外包装废弃物的回收方法，分析了上海市包装废弃物的回收现状，提出了包装废弃物可采用的回收模式设计方案。