烟尘烟气连续自动监测系统技术现状和发展趋势

主要对二氧化硫、氮氧化物、颗粒物CEMS及其烟气参数的仪器技术现状进行了综述,在此基础上对CEMS的数据处理和技术标准进行了相关评述。针对现有的技术标准和仪器技术现状,指出了目前我国CEMS技术在发展过程中所存在的一些问题和解决思路。     

Residents’ concerns and attitudes toward a municipal solid waste landfill: integrating a questionnaire survey and GIS techniques

The ever-growing industry of municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal appeals to the growing need for disposal facilities, and MSW treatment facilities are increasingly an environmental and public health concern. Residents living near MSW management facilities are confronted with various risk perceptions, especially odour. In this study, in an effort to assist responsible decision-makers in better planning and managing such a project, a structured questionnaire was designed and distributed to assess the nearby residents’ concerns and attitudes surrounding the Laogang Landfill in Shanghai. Geographic information system techniques and relevance analysis were employed to conduct the spatial analysis of physical perceptions, especially odour annoyance. The findings of the research indicate that a significant percentage of the responding sample was aware of the negative impacts of landfills on the environment and public health, and residents in close proximity preferred to live farther from the landfill. The results from the spatial analysis demonstrated a definite degree of correlation between odour annoyance and distance to the facility and proved that the benefits of the socially disadvantaged have been neglected. The research findings also direct attention to the important role of public participation, information disclosure, transparency in management, and mutual communication to avoid conflicts and build social trust.     

Dissipation dynamic and residue distribution of flusilazole in mandarin

In this paper, dissipation dynamic and terminal residue of flusilazole in mandarin and soil, as well as residue distribution of flusilazole in mandarin, were studied at three sites in China. Mandarin peel, mandarin pulp, whole mandarin, and soil samples were extracted by acetonitrile, cleaned up with dispersive solid-phase extraction, then analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The dissipation half-lives of flusilazole in mandarin and soil at all three experiment sites were 6.3–8.4 days and 5.5–13.4 days, respectively, with the exception of the soil dissipation at the Hunan site, which showed an increase–decrease process. Flusilazole residue levels in whole mandarin were all below 0.1 mg/kg on 14 days after the last application. Terminal residue study showed that flusilazole was mostly distributed in mandarin peel, which indicates minimal risk for eating mandarin pulp. These results could provide guidance for the proper and safe use of flusilazole on citrus fruits, and further our understanding of pesticide distribution in citrus fruits.     

NDIR法便携烟气SO2分析仪技术性能及现场应用比较

针对目前中国固定污染源烟气SO2低浓度排放的现状,结合环境监测工作的技术需求,选取目前在国内应用较多的3种非分散红外吸收法便携烟气SO2分析仪(1种进口仪器,2种国产仪器)进行技术性能指标和现场比对监测的测试研究。测试结果表明,国产NDIR法便携烟气SO2分析仪的基本性能指标已经逐步接近国外同类仪器设备的技术水平,在产品结构和扩展功能等方面更适应中国国情需求;但是在产品外观结构的合理性、使用的便捷舒适性以及产品性能质量的稳定性等方面还需要进一步完善。因此,为推动国产便携烟气SO2分析仪技术水平和能力的进一步提升,有关仪器设备的技术标准、应用技术规范等相关法规应尽快制定实施。     

混合有机配位剂对DTSPAM去除水中Cd2+性能的影响

以聚丙烯酰胺、甲醛、亚硫酸氢钠、二硫化碳、氢氧化钠为原料制备重金属絮凝剂二硫代羧基化磺甲基聚丙烯酰胺(DTSPAM),考察了共存多种有机配位剂(EDTA+焦磷酸钠、EDTA+柠檬酸钠、焦磷酸钠+柠檬酸钠、EDTA+焦磷酸钠+柠檬酸钠)对DTSPAM去除Cd²⁺性能的影响.结果表明,当含Cd²⁺水样中共存EDTA+焦磷酸钠或EDTA+柠檬酸钠时,EDTA的存在对DTSPAM去除Cd²⁺的抑制作用在各个p H值条件下均较焦磷酸钠或柠檬酸钠的影响强,且该抑制作用随着EDTA浓度的增加而增强、随着体系初始p H值的增加而减弱.当含Cd²⁺水样中共存焦磷酸钠+柠檬酸钠时,其对DTSPAM去除Cd²⁺的影响较为复杂,促进作用或抑制作用与水样初始p H值、DTSPAM投加量等密切相关.当含Cd²⁺水样中共存EDTA+焦磷酸钠+柠檬酸钠时,其对DTSPAM去除Cd²⁺的影响取决于EDTA浓度、DTSPAM投加量和水样初始p H值,在各个p H值下均表...     

医用电气设备电源变压器的过载试验

采用电阻法测量医用电气设备电源变压器过载试验时的绕组温升,试验电流和试验时间的选取与熔断器、过流释放器、热断路器等保护装置有关。     

Residential Preferences for River Network Improvement: An Exploration of Choice Experiments in Zhujiajiao,Shanghai, China

River networks have both ecological and social benefits for urban development. However, river networks have suffered extensive destruction as a result of urbanization and industrialization, especially in China. River restoration is a growth business but suffers poor efficiency due to a lack of social understanding. Assessing the benefits of river system restoration and recognizing public preferences are critical for effective river ecosystem restoration and sustainable river management. This study used a choice experiment with a multinomial logit model and a random parameter logit model to assess respondents’ cognitive preferences regarding attributes of river networks, and their possible sources of heterogeneity. Results showed that riverfront condition was the attribute most preferred by respondents, while stream morphology was the least preferred. Results also illustrated that the current status of each of three river network attributes was not desirable, and respondents would prefer a river network with a “branch pattern,” that is “limpid with no odor,” and “accessible with vegetation.” Estimated willingness to pay was mainly affected by household monthly income, residential location, and whether respondents had household members engaged in a water protection career. The assessment results can provide guidance and a reference for managers, sponsors, and researchers.     

淮南潘一矿塌陷水域沉积物中磷的赋存和迁移转化特征

采用改进的Pesnner分级提取方法,选取淮南潘一矿杨庄塌陷水域为研究对象,对其沉积物磷的剖面赋存形态进行分析,并结合磷的形态组成、有机质(OM)、总氮(TN)和铁锰氧化物等分布特征,研究了塌陷水域沉积物中磷的迁移转化特征.结果表明,在淹水农业耕作层上,湖泊沉积相累积明显,自表层而下,各形态磷含量均呈逐渐减少的趋势,总磷(TP)在各层次均值为204.9~343.7mg/kg,其中以无机磷(IP)为主,其含量为163.9~257.2mg/kg,占TP比例达73.3%~81.5%.NaOH-P(85.0~100.1mg/kg,28.6%~41.3%)和HCl-P (63.6~95.9mg/kg,27.4%~30.9%)所占比例较大.根据相关性结果分析,部分HCl-P和有机磷(OP)有向NaOH-P转化的趋势.     

江西省耕地土壤碳氮比空间变异特征及其影响因素

以江西省2012年测土配方施肥项目采集的16 582个耕地表层(0~20 cm)土壤样点数据,运用普通克里格和回归分析方法,对江西省土壤碳氮比(C/N)空间变异特征及其影响因素进行分析.结果表明江西省土壤C/N在2.98~52.67之间,平均值为11.72,变异系数为25.17%,呈中等变异性.经半方差分析,土壤C/N的块金效应为88.44%,其空间变异受结构性和随机性因素共同影响,但随机性因素的影响更大.土壤C/N空间分布较为平滑,高值区主要分布在九江市彭泽县、萍乡市上栗县和抚州市乐安县.地形因子、耕地利用方式、成土母质、土壤类型和氮肥施用量对土壤C/N空间变异影响均显著(P0.05),但影响程度不一.地形因子可解释0.3%的土壤C/N空间变异,耕地利用方式的独立解释能力为1.4%,成土母质的独立解释能力为2.4%,土类、亚类和土属的独立解释能力分别为2.7%、3.6%、5.5%.氮肥施用量对土壤C/N空间变异的独立解释能力最高,为33.4%,是引起江西省土壤C/N空间变异最主要的因素.     

岩溶地下水水体中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的残留特征及健康风险评价

采用气相色谱-微池电子捕获检测器（GC-μECD）测定南山老龙洞岩溶地下水水体中有机氯农药（OCPs）和多氯联苯（PCBs）残留量,并探究了OCPs和PCBs的浓度、分布和来源等残留特征.结果表明,OCPs总浓度范围为34.8~623.2 ng·L^-1,均值为215.6 ng·L^-1,其中,HCHs、DDTs和其它类OCPs总浓度范围分别为8.2~23.6、4.5~363.7和22.2~235.9 ng·L^-1,均值分别为15.9、104.5和95.3 ng·L^-1;PCBs总浓度范围为6.0~40.7 ng·L^-1,均值为16.8 ng·L^-1.总体而言,OCPs和PCBs污染处于中上水平;多重比较结果显示部分OCPs和PCBs平均浓度具有统计学意义上的显著差异.研究区各采样点水体中污染水平差异较大,但OCPs和PCBs的季节分布相对均匀.源解析表明,HCHs源于周围环境中林丹的输入;DDTs源于近期工业DDT的非法使用;其它类OCPs源于大气沉降和农业活动输入;PCBs来源既有历史残留,又有企业排污活动;Pearson相关分析表明部分有机卤素污染物具有同源性,或有类似的来源和分解机制.结合健康风险评价模型,研究区饮用水不会对人体健康产生明显危害,但儿童对污染物的敏感性高于成人.