La/Ce-codoped Bi2O3 composite photocatalysts with high photocatalytic performance in removal of high concentration dye

A series of La/Ce-codoped Bi_2O_3 composite photocatalysts were fabricated via hydrothermal–calcination process. The as-prepared products were intensively characterized by some physicochemical characterizations like N_2 physical adsorption, X-ray powder diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope(SEM), transmission electron microscope(TEM), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance(UV–Vis DRS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),photoelectrochemical measurements, and photoluminescence(PL) spectroscopy. The characterization results indicated that La and Ce doping induced obvious crystal phase transformation in Bi_2O_3, from monoclinic to tetragonal phase. La and Ce codoping also gave rise to the obvious synergetic effects, e.g., the lattice contraction of Bi_2O_3, the decrease of crystal size and the increase of surface area. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared catalysts was evaluated by removal of dye acid orange II with high concentration under visible light irradiation. Results showed that La/Ce-codoped Bi_2O_3 displayed much higher photocatalytic performance than that of bare Bi_2O_3, single La or Ce doped Bi_2O_3 samples. The superior photocatalytic activity was mainly attributed to the improved texture and surface properties and the synergistic effects of La and Ce codoping on suppressing the recombination of photo-generated electrons(e~-) and holes(h~+).     

安溪铁观音茶园垂直剖面土壤中稀土元素的地球化学特征

采集了安溪某茶园一条垂直剖面土壤样(深度160 cm,共16个样),用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)分析测定了其中的稀土元素含量,研究了剖面土壤中稀土元素的地球化学特征。结果表明:土壤样品中稀土元素总量范围为165.38~229.91 mg/kg,其平均含量高于中国土壤和世界土壤的平均值;土壤中轻重稀土分馏明显,其稀土元素组成特点表现为轻稀土(LREE)富集,重稀土(HREE)亏损,Eu呈负异常,Ce呈正异常;稀土元素的富集因子平均值的分布范围为0.28~1.34,稀土元素均处于无污染或轻微污染。本研究为了解安溪茶园中稀土含量特征提供了基础数据,为现有茶园的治理和后备茶园基地的合理选址提供了科学依据。     

模糊数学法在晋江水质评价中的应用研究

利用模糊数学综合评价法,选取溶解氧(DO)、高锰酸钾指数(CODMn)、氨氮(NH3-N)、总磷(TP)、六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]做为指标对2010年-2014年泉州湾河口湿地晋江流域石砻断面进行水质综合评价与分析,并将评价结果与综合污染指数法的评价结果进行对比.结果显示:在模糊数学评价法中2010、2012、2014年均为Ⅱ类水质,2011和2013年为Ⅰ类水质;评价结果与综合污染指数法的基本一致.表明2010年-2014年晋江流域石砻断面水质良好,模糊数学综合法在水质评价中可行.     

调控絮体形态强化电絮凝减缓膜污染

本研究通过调节电絮凝工艺参数来实现对絮体形态的调控,进而达到减缓膜污染的目的.主要考察了电流密度、初始pH、初始电导率对絮体性质以及膜通量的影响,并解析了超滤膜对不同形貌结构絮体的膜污染响应机制.结果表明,电絮凝减缓膜污染的关键是在膜表面形成疏松多孔的滤饼层,电絮凝-超滤(electrocoagulation-ultrafiltration,EC-UF)工艺不但能够有效地减缓膜污染,而且还极大提升了出水水质.增加电流密度,以及在pH中性水质条件下,EC-UF工艺中膜通量保持更高.j=20 A·m~(-2)、初始pH=7、初始电导率=1 000μS·cm~(-1),EC-UF工艺对水中的腐殖酸(humic acid,HA)去除率为97%,平衡阶段归一化通量J/J0达到81%.     

广西北海涠洲岛春季大气颗粒物浓度特征及影响因素

为了解我国北部湾区域大气环境特征和可能的跨界输送,于2015年3~4月在涠洲岛开展了对大气颗粒物浓度水平和粒径分布特征的外场观测研究,并结合气象因子和后向轨迹探讨了颗粒物浓度变化原因和来源.结果表明涠洲岛大气PM_1、PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)质量浓度分别为(21±12)、(35±19)、(43±20)μg·m~(-3).PM1、PM_(1~2.5)和PM_(2.5~10)质量浓度分别占PM10的50%、32%、18%.0.5~1、1~2.5和2.5~20μm粒径段颗粒物数浓度分别占总数浓度的93.5%、6.1%和0.4%.颗粒物数浓度与能见度和气压呈弱负相关.后向轨迹模拟分析发现,来自涠洲岛西南方向东南亚一带的气团影响频率最高(45.9%),0.5~1μm、1~2.5μm数浓度和PM_(2.5)浓度最低但NO浓度最高;其次为来自正东方向气团(34.1%),SO2浓度最低但O3浓度最高;来自正南方向的气团(12.5%)NO2、NOx、O3和CO浓度最低;来自东北方向的大陆气团影响频率最低(7.4%),但颗粒物数浓度、质量浓度和气体污染物浓度(除O3和NO)最高.涠洲岛大气细颗粒物和气态污染物主要受大陆和东南亚地区输送影响,来自大陆方向的输送以工业污染为主,来自东南亚方向的输送以港口船舶及航运污染为主.     

轻型车NH_3排放实验研究

用傅里叶变换紫外光谱法对4辆不同里程、不同排量、不同排放标准的轻型车NH_3排放进行测量,试验车辆包括2辆双燃料出租车。实验结果表明:里程数越高的车辆,在同一个测试循环中产生的NH_3排放越多;在高速工况下,车辆产生的NH_3要高于在低速工况时;在循环中车辆加速过程产生的NH_3浓度较高;对于天然气燃料车辆,市区运转工况下基本上没有NH_3排放,在城郊运转工况下产生的NH_3要多于用汽油燃料时。     

不同TOC/NH4+-N对厌氧氨氧化脱氮效能的影响

采用SBR厌氧氨氧化反应器,研究了不同TOC与NH_4~+-N比值对厌氧氨氧化反应器的脱氮效能的长短期影响.结果表明,在有机物短期影响时,反应器所能承受的最大TOC/NH_4~+-N为1.4,总氮去除速率可达0.26 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1).长期影响下,在TOC/NH_4~+-N小于0.4时,反应器可获得最高脱氮效能,总氮去除率为0.34 kg·(m~3·d)~(-1),TOC/NH_4~+-N大于0.4后,反应器脱氮效能持续降低,并且短期内厌氧氨氧化菌难以迅速恢复活性.利用q PCR(定量PCR)技术对长期影响前后反应器内菌种群落变化做定量分析,结果表明随着有机物的增加,反应器中的ANAMMOX菌数量从2.9×10~(11)copies·mL~(-1)减少至3.15×10~(10)copies·mL~(-1),在TOC/NH_4~+-N大于1.6的环境中,NH_4~+-N未能由厌氧氨氧化菌去除,厌氧氨氧化菌不能表现出生物活性.此时测得反硝化菌数量为3.0×10~9copies·mL~(-1),反应器中的NO_2~--N绝大部分由反硝化去除,虽然反硝化菌数量远少于ANAMMOX菌,但能表现出远超ANAMMOX菌的活性.     

Roughness and slipperiness of floor surface: Tactile sensation and perception

The slipperiness of floor is one of the risk factors affecting the occurrence of slipping and falling. The purpose of the study was to compare the roughness and slipperiness of five floor surfaces based on tactual sensations from different body segments for human subjects. The perceived roughness and perceived floor slipperiness of five floors based on tactual sensation from 20 male and 20 female subjects were collected and compared. The female subjects tended to give higher subjective ratings on both perceived roughness and slipperiness than their male counterpart. Both index fingertip and palm were more sensitive than foot in the sensation of floor roughness. The differences among fingertip, palm, and foot in the perceived floor slipperiness were not statistically different. The regression analysis results indicated that floor roughness parameter R_a is a better predictor in predicting both the perceived floor roughness and perceived floor slipperiness than the COF of the floor.     

Physical and chemical characteristics of waste activated sludge treated with electric field

This study investigates the physical and chemical characteristics of sludge treated with controlled levels of electric field. The results indicated that the potential gradient and contact time strongly influenced the physical and chemical characteristics of sludge. Based on the settling velocity measurements, a potential gradient of 6 V/cm with a treatment time of 10 min is recommended as an optimal condition for improving sludge settling. For sludge disintegration, applying a higher potential gradient and a longer treatment time to the sludge are more efficient than applying lower levels. The results of the experiments presented here show that an electric field not only disintegrates sludge and destroys microbial cells but also removes and solubilizes organic substances. Possible mechanisms of electric field treatment are also discussed.     

四川省新型干法水泥行业发展概况及其环境问题分析

本文简述了四川省“十一五”期间新型干法水泥工业发展概况和取得的环境效益,分析了新型干法水泥工业发展中面临的环境问题,提出利用新型干法水泥回转窑处理有机废物和危险废物是今后水泥行业可持续发展的一个重要方向。