淮河流域安徽段水系沉积物中多环芳烃的污染性状研究

应用气相色谱质谱联用仪测定淮河流域安徽段水系沉积物样品中萘、二氢苊、苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、苯并[a]蒽、、苯并[a]芘和二苯并[a,h]蒽等12种多环芳烃的质量分数,并在此基础上分析沉积物中多环芳烃的区域分布、污染特征和来源。结果表明：研究区水系沉积物中多环芳烃有一定程度的富集,但与国内其他河流相比,样品中多环芳烃的质量分数不高;淮河南北岸支流沉积物中多环芳烃的含量差异比较明显,尤其是东淝河,含量明显低于淮北平原上的其它河流;淮河主干道和北岸支流沉积物中4环以上的多环芳烃含量较高,而南岸支流的淠河和东淝河沉积物中2～3环的多环芳烃平均含量明显高于其他环数;通过污染来源分析,沉积物中多环芳烃除与天然成岩过程有关外,大都是由有机物质的燃烧与热解引起的。     

浅谈高职院校中长跑教学方法

高职院校大学生体质健康水平总体是呈下降的趋势,尤其表现在耐力素质的下降.提高耐力素质的简单有效地途径就是中长跑,但中长跑动作单一,体力消耗大,枯燥乏味,是最不受大学生亲睐的体育项目.为此,我院在体育教学当中,把提高大学生对中长跑锻炼的认识及适应的能力,改进教学方法等措施放在工作的重点.参3.     

戊吡虫胍对几种非靶标生物的急性毒性

戊吡虫胍是一种从烟碱类和缩胺脲类杀虫剂活性结构拼接而成的系列化合物中筛选出来的新型杀虫剂,目前戊吡虫胍对非靶标生物的毒性研究报道较少。为探究戊吡虫胍的环境安全性,采用生物毒性试验方法测定了其对斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)、大型溞(Daphnia magna)、家蚕(Bombyx mori)、斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)、赤子爱胜蚯蚓(Eisenia fetide)、非洲爪蟾(Xenopus laevis)、赤眼蜂(Trichogramma nubilale)、意大利蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)、日本鹌鹑(Coturnix coturnix japonica)共9种非靶标生物的急性毒性。结果显示戊吡虫胍对斜生栅藻和大型溞的半数有效浓度(EC50)分别为8.79 mg·L~(-1)和10.97 mg·L~(-1),对家蚕、斑马鱼、赤子爱胜蚯蚓和非洲爪蟾的半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为2.32 mg·L~(-1)、13.74 mg·L~(-1)、100 mg·kg~(-1)和19.30mg·L~(-1),对赤眼蜂的安全系数为0.16~0.031,对蜜蜂急性触杀和急性摄入毒性分别为51.82μg·bee~(-1)和10.8×10~3mg·L~(-1),对鹌鹑的急性经口和急性饲喂毒性LC50分别为1 000 mg·kg~(-1)和2×103mg·kg~(-1)。按照最新国标(GB/T31270—2014)化学农药环境安全评价准则的毒性等级划分,戊吡虫胍除了对家蚕和赤眼蜂为高毒和极高风险外,对其余非靶生物均为低毒。     

搅拌方式对絮凝除藻效果的影响

以铜绿微囊藻为研究对象,测试了不同振荡方式(回旋式与往复式),不同振荡强度及不同藻细胞密度对絮凝剂絮凝沉降效果的影响,同时还研究了絮凝沉降发生后,藻细胞再悬浮的主要影响因素.结果表明,回旋式搅拌处理下产生的絮凝效果要明显优于往复式振荡,60r/min回旋式搅拌1min可以得到100%的去除率,而往复式搅拌可得到的最佳去除率仅为30.7%;且絮凝效果随搅拌强度的增加有明显提高;藻细胞密度越高,需要的搅拌强度也越大;絮凝沉降后的静置时间越长,则越不容易发生再悬浮.     

Mechanistic origins of variability in phytoplankton dynamics. Part II: analysis of mesocosm blooms under climate change scenarios

Driving factors of phytoplankton spring blooms have been discussed since long, but rarely analyzed quantitatively. Here, we use a mechanistic size-based ecosystem model to reconstruct observations made during the Kiel mesocosm experiments (2005–2006). The model accurately hindcasts highly variable bloom developments including community shifts in cell size. Under low light, phytoplankton dynamics was mostly controlled by selective mesozooplankton grazing. Selective grazing also explains initial dominance of large diatoms under high light conditions. All blooms were mainly terminated by aggregation and sedimentation. Allometries in nutrient uptake capabilities led to a delayed, post-bloom dominance of small species. In general, biomass and trait dynamics revealed many mutual dependencies, while growth factors decoupled from the respective selective forces. A size shift induced by one factor often changed the growth dependency on other factors. Within climate change scenarios, these indirect effects produced large sensitivities of ecosystem fluxes to the size distribution of winter phytoplankton. These sensitivities exceeded those found for changes in vertical mixing, whereas temperature changes only had minimal impacts.     

聚氨酯型固沙剂改性土室内试验研究

对自主研发的PUA、PUB和PUC 3种聚氨酯型固沙剂改性土的强度、抗冲刷性、抗风蚀性等性能进行了室内试验研究,并结合聚氨酯分子结构和功能对固沙剂改良原理进行了分析。试验结果表明:3种聚氨酯型固沙剂改性土的无侧限抗压强度、内聚力得到了提高,抗冲刷和抗风蚀性能得到了明显增强;3种固沙剂改性土的无侧限抗压强度和内聚力均随着固沙剂浓度的增加而增大;PUA、PUB和PUC浓度为3g/cm3的改性土试样的冲刷率分别只有4.4%、14.7%和0.6%,而参照样高达79.5%;PUA、PUB和PUC浓度达到1g/cm3以上的改性土风蚀后表面保持完整,没有风蚀破坏痕迹。因此,聚氨酯型固沙剂可以很好地增强土体粘聚力、促进表层固化、减少水土流失,可用于坡面防护、水土保持、防尘固沙、沙漠化治理等领域。     

Real-time numerical simulations and experimental research for the propagation characteristics of shock waves and gas flow during coal and gas outburst

When coal and gas outburst occurs, high-speed gas flow and air shock wave with high kinetic energy could be created. In this paper, the formation process of outburst shock waves and gas flow has been analyzed firstly. Afterwards, the numerical simulation models of the roadways with right-angled intersection have been established, by which real-time simulation of the propagation of outburst gas flow and the process of gas transport has been conducted. Gas pressure, gas velocity and gas concentration can be simulated and shown. From analyzing the simulation results, qualitative and quantitative conclusions that the characteristics and patterns of the propagation and attenuation of outburst shock waves and gas flow can be arrived at. Finally, experimental models have been carried out to investigate the outburst shock waves and gas flow at the roadways with the similar shapes as the simulated ones. The results indicate that when shock wave and gas flow passes the intersection, most of the shock wave and gas flow will flow into the roadway of section opposite the intersection, and a little of it would flow into the roadway below the intersection. And turbulence will appear, shock wave reflects and diffracts at branches with more influence on the roadway below the intersection.     

基于Android平台的安全生产移动执法系统实现

随着现代科技的发展,安全生产监督管理需要模式、方法、手段等方面实现创新.本文紧密结合安全生产监督管理工作的需要,以Android平台为基础,基于SOA架构设计,采用第三代移动访问技术,融合无线通信、数据库及计算机网络等前沿技术,研究开发了一套安全生产移动执法系统,它包含了移动执法端、服务管理端和底层通信服务三大体系,实现了安全生产现场执法各项功能,有效推进了移动通信技术在安全生产领域的应用.     

316L和308L不锈钢应力腐蚀裂纹萌生行为研究

目的 研究载荷大小、加载方式和冷变形对材料裂纹萌生行为的影响规律.方法 采用多轴多试样加载装置,在线测量冷变形316L和308L不锈钢在模拟反应堆高温高压水环境中恒载荷和慢应变速率拉伸状态下的应力腐蚀裂纹萌生行为.结果 加载载荷低于屈服强度时,两种不锈钢均因具有较强的抗点蚀和晶界氧化性能而不易萌生裂纹.高于屈服强度后,...     

基于FLUENT的掘进机外喷雾降尘系统相似参数的探讨

以某型纵轴式掘进机的喷雾系统为工程对象,研究系统的关键技术参数,运用量纲分析法推导出系统的相似准则得到相似比关系构建相似优化数学模型,利用Pro/E、GAMBIT工具箱、FLUENT进行建模、系统网格划分及仿真至迭代收敛,得到相似优化设计前后喷雾系统的相关实验数据与图形,最后在Tecplot中实现数据的后处理。通过仿真分析,验证了基于相似参数优化设计的喷雾系统模型的可行性,为掘进机喷雾系统的参数优化提供了一个新的思路和方法。