Removing carbonyl sulfide with metal-modified activated carbon

A Cu-Co-K/activated carbon (AC) adsorbent has been developed for the removal of carbonyl sulfide (COS). The effects of COS concentration, reaction temperature and relative humidity were closely examined. A breakthrough of 33.23 mg COS·g⁻¹ adsorbent at 60°C, under 30% relative humidity and in presence of 1.0% oxygen was exhibited in the Cu-Co-K/AC adsorbent prepared. Competitive adsorption studies for COS in the presence of CS₂, and H₂S were also conducted. TPD analysis was used to identify sulfur-containing products on the carbon surface, and the results indicated that H₂S, COS and SO₂ were all evident in the effluent gas generated from the exhausted Cu-Co-K/AC. Structure of the activated carbon samples has been characterized using nitrogen adsorption, and their surface chemical structures were also determined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It turns out that the modification with Cu(OH)₂CO₃-CoPcS-KOH can significantly improve the COS removal capacity, forming SO42− species simultaneously. Regeneration of the spent activated carbon sorbents by thermal desorption has also been explored.     

基于行为主义的建筑施工企业安全教育实验研究

结合行为主义反应性制约取向理论对建筑施工企业安全教育进行探讨, 建立企业安全教育刺激-反应S-O-R单元链,以安全帽使用教育为例进行实验设计,通过实验分析得到视觉听觉双重刺激形式的安全教育更容易引起人的安全行为反应,且行为保持性最佳;单纯视觉、听觉刺激形式的安全教育对人的安全行为反应作用基本一致,但采用听觉刺激安全教育产生的安全行为保持性较差,在第7个工作日后逐渐恢复到空白实验阶段。同时通过心理问卷调查,分析实验过程中人员心理变化与工作年限等因素对人员安全意识的影响,得到工作年限为1~2年的人员安全意识较低,过强的刺激将导致人员的过度恐惧反而使安全意识降低。最后,对企业现行安全教育方式提出几点改进措施,包括:正视安全教育刺激的重要性、保持性以及针对性;充分认识企业安全文化环境对安全教育的影响。     

障碍物布置对气体爆炸压力场的影响效果研究

为研究可燃气体爆炸压力场受障碍物布置的影响情况,运用流体动力学软件AutoReaGas建立不同阻塞程度和不同结构（平面、立体）的障碍物爆炸模型,模拟分析不同布置情况对气体爆炸压力场的影响程度和规律。研究表明:改变障碍物的阻塞程度和结构（平面、立体）都会影响可燃气体的爆炸超压峰值。同种障碍物结构下,随着阻塞率的增加,气体爆炸压力的增加程度在一定范围内呈现出先增大后减小的变化情况;相同阻塞率下,立体障碍物对爆炸压力场产生的影响明显大于平面障碍物。研究立体障碍物与平面障碍物对加速燃烧的影响情况旨在为工业生产过程中的实际应用提供理论依据和基础,为防控气体爆炸灾害提供一定参考借鉴作用。     

污水中抗生素与重金属对红霉素抗药性基因的选择性效应

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和固相萃取-高效液相色谱串联质谱(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)分别检测分析了上海某污水处理厂中6种重金属和3种抗生素的含量水平和分布特征,采用实时荧光定量PCR检测分析了7种红霉素抗药性基因(ERY-ARGs)在污水处理厂中的分布变化.结果表明,抗生素磺胺甲恶唑(SMX)、红霉素(ERY)和四环素(TC)在污水处理厂中均被检出,两段A/O工艺对其去除效果较差,去除率为3%(ERY)~36%(TC).重金属Cr、Cu、Zn和Pb在污水中被检出,浓度范围分别为136.9~235.5、7.1~37.4、18.1~98.4和143.1~383.0μg/L,两段A/O工艺对Zn基本完全去除,但对Cu、Pb和Cr的去除率分别为48%、43%和18%.目标ERY-ARGs在污水处理厂中均被检出,其在原水中的浓度为9.28×103(ermA)~1.83×108(ereA)copies/L,两段A/O工艺对其具有较好的去除效果,降低幅度可达1.19~3.97个对数浓度.通过相关性分析可知, ERY-ARGs与ERY之间具有显著相关性(P<0.05),而酯酶基因ereA与Cu、Zn和Pb之间也呈现出较好的显著相关性(P<0.05),表明污水中ERY对ERY-ARGs的演变产生具有重要影响,而重金属对ERY-ARGs也可能存在潜在的选择性作用.     

The pollution characteristics of PM<Subscript>2.5</Subscript> and correlation analysis with meteorological parameters in Xinxiang during the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Prime Ministers’ Meeting

The pollution characteristics of PM_2.5 and correlation analysis with meteorological parameters in Xinxiang during the Shanghai Cooperation Organization Prime Ministers’ Meeting were investigated. During the whole meeting, nine PM_2.5 samples were collected at a suburban site of Xinxiang, and the average concentration of PM_2.5 was 122.28 μg m^?3. NO₃ ^?, NH₄ ⁺, SO₄ ^2? accounted for 56.8% of the total water-soluble ions. In addition, with an exception of Cl^?, all of water-soluble ions decreased during the meeting. Total concentrations of crustal elements ranged from 6.53 to 185.86 μg m^?3, with an average concentration of 52.51 μg m^?3, which accounted for 82.5% of total elements. The concentrations of organic carbon and elemental carbon were 7.71 and 1.52 μg m^?3, respectively, lower than those before and after the meeting. It is indicated that during the meeting, limiting motor vehicles is to reduce exhaust emissions, delay heating is to reduce the fossil fuel combustion, and other measures are to reduce the concentration of PM_2.5. The directly dispersing by mixing layerheight increase and the indirectly reducing the formation of secondary aerosol by low relative humidity, andthese are the only two key removing mechanisms of PM_2.5 in Xinxiang during the meeting.     

基于拟力法的负刚度非线性分析

拟力法是一种高效的结构非线性分析方法,当结构进入非线性状态时,拟力法仅需对一个代表局部塑性且规模较小的矩阵进行迭代运算,从而避免了传统方法对规模较大的整体刚度矩阵的分解运算。拟力法在处理负刚度问题时,结构的非线性特征由局部塑性矩阵集中体现。研究了负刚度条件下拟力法中局部塑性矩阵的正负定特性及条件数与最小特征值等数值特征,得到了第二刚度系数对矩阵数值特征的影响规律,并与传统方法中整体刚度矩阵的相应特征进行了对比分析。结果表明,结构进入负刚度状态时,拟力法中局部塑性矩阵将表现为非正定性,且相比于整体刚度矩阵,数值模拟表明其具有条件数少、数值精度高的特征。最后通过数值算例验证了拟力法在计算负刚度问题的优势与计算能力。     

A Cu-modified active carbon fiber significantly promoted H2S and PH3 simultaneous removal at a low reaction temperature

• Cu_0.15-ACF performs the best for H₂S and PH₃ simultaneous removal. • 550°C and 90°C are separately calcination and reaction temperatures. • The reason why Cu_0.15/ACF shows better performance was found. • The accumulation of H₂PO₄⁻ and SO₄²⁻(H₂O)₆ is the deactivation cause of Cu_0.15/ACF. Poisonous gases, such as H₂S and PH₃, produced by industrial production harm humans and damage the environment. In this study, H₂S and PH₃ were simultaneously removed at low temperature by modified activated carbon fiber (ACF) catalysts. We have considered the active metal type, content, precursor, calcination, and reaction temperature. Experimental results exhibited that ACF could best perform by loading 15% Cu from nitrate. The optimized calcination temperature and reaction temperature separately were 550°C and 90°C. Under these conditions, the most removal capacity could reach 69.7 mg/g and 132.1 mg/g, respectively. Characterization results showed that moderate calcination temperature (550°C) is suitable for the formation of the copper element on the surface of ACF, lower or higher temperature will generate more cuprous oxide. Although both can exhibit catalytic activity, the role of the copper element is significantly greater. Due to the exceptional dispersibility of copper (oxide), the ACF can still maintain the advantages of larger specific surface area and pore volume after loading copper, which is the main reason for better performance of related catalysts. Finally, increasing the copper loading amount can significantly increase the crystallinity and particle size of copper (oxide) on the ACF, thereby improving its catalytic performance. In situ IR found that the reason for the deactivation of the catalyst should be the accumulation of generated H₂PO₄⁻ and SO₄²⁻(H₂O)₆ which could poison the catalyst.     

电活性微生物激活生物质炭/零价铁协同钝化Cr(Ⅵ)及机制

纳米零价铁（nZVI）具有对六价铬［Cr（Ⅵ）］还原去除能力,但其存在易老化和易团聚的问题,会大大降低对Cr（Ⅵ）反应活性.本文将具有异化铁还原能力的MR-1引入到老化生物质炭负载纳米零价铁（nZVIB）除Cr（Ⅵ）的反应体系中.研究厌氧条件下老化后nZVI/B与MR-1之间对Cr（Ⅵ）去除存在的协同效应机制,以及反应体系中pH条件,初始Cr（Ⅵ）浓度和MR-1菌浓度对这种协同效应的影响.结果表明,在pH为7时体系有明显协同效应,去除率提高51.3%.并且该协同效应随初始Cr（Ⅵ）增加而减弱,随着MR-1浓度增加而增强.固相分析结果表明Cr（Ⅵ）主要以还原为Cr（Ⅲ）的形式被固定.MR-1的异化铁还原能力起到了重要的作用,通过零价铁表面铁氧化物老化层还原,为反应体系提供了大量还原性的Fe（Ⅱ）,同时也释放了内部nZVI的反应活性位点,而生物质炭不仅分散了nZVI还介导MR-1的胞外电子传递过程,从而增强了体系对Cr（Ⅵ）协同钝化能力.本研究为有效解决nZVI长期使用过程中的老化问题提供了新思路.     

基于GIS的城市公共安全应急决策支持系统的研究

以地理信息系统(GIS)为平台,集成决策支持系统(DSS),研究开发了"基于GIS的城市公共安全应急决策支持系统".该系统包括基础信息子系统、灾害信息子系统、危险源管理子系统、火灾分析子系统、洪灾分析子系统、地震分析子系统、风灾分析子系统、公共安全规划子系统、应急决策子系统和系统总控模块等.剖析了当前城市公共安全决策模式的弊端,介绍了该系统的结构框架和各子系统的功能,提出了一种快速、高效构建城市基础空间数据库的技术方案,并探讨了该系统与城市公共安全体制的融合机制问题.实践证明,在对城市可视化与数字化的基础上,该系统能够实现城市灾害信息的科学管理,各种灾害分析模拟,公共安全规划以及应急决策支持,从而有效提高突发性城市公共安全应急的效率和响应速度,为城市公共安全的应急工作提供了有效的辅助手段.     

330kV输电线路防鸟害绝缘护套仿真分析及应用

为研究330 kV输电线路安装绝缘护套的防鸟害效果,采用Ansoft对330 kV线路复合绝缘子的轴向电位和电场分布进行仿真分析。结果表明:对330 kV输电线路而言,当绝缘护套厚度为1 cm、导线夹有效长度为50 cm时,防鸟害效果最佳;将导线、金具和均压环都包覆在内时,绝缘子高压端电场分布最优。最后结合仿真分析结果,对输电线路防鸟害绝缘护套的现场应用提出了建议。