我国4个直辖市CO2净排放现状和趋势预测

从人均和单位GDP CO2碳净排放角度,借鉴显示性比较优势理论,对我国4个直辖市2005-2011年人均和单位GDP CO2碳净排放状况及其之间的差异大小进行计算,采用一元线性回归模型对4个直辖市未来几年人均和单位GDP CO2排放趋势和差异大小变化进行了预测,针对造成4个直辖市目前CO2排放现状的成因进行分析,并提出了建议.     

Chlorophyll a Simulation in a Lake Ecosystem Using a Model with Wavelet Analysis and Artificial Neural Network

Accurate and reliable forecasting is important for the sustainable management of ecosystems. Chlorophyll a (Chl a) simulation and forecasting can provide early warning information and enable managers to make appropriate decisions for protecting lake ecosystems. In this study, we proposed a method for Chl a simulation in a lake that coupled the wavelet analysis and the artificial neural networks (WA–ANN). The proposed method had the advantage of data preprocessing, which reduced noise and managed nonstationary data. Fourteen variables were included in the developed and validated model, relating to hydrologic, ecological and meteorologic time series data from January 2000 to December 2009 at the Lake Baiyangdian study area, North China. The performance of the proposed WA–ANN model for monthly Chl a simulation in the lake ecosystem was compared with a multiple stepwise linear regression (MSLR) model, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model and a regular ANN model. The results showed that the WA-ANN model was suitable for Chl a simulation providing a more accurate performance than the MSLR, ARIMA, and ANN models. We recommend that the proposed method be widely applied to further facilitate the development and implementation of lake ecosystem management.     

Assessing Sediment Yield for Selected Watersheds in the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin Under Future Agricultural Scenarios

In the Laurentian Great Lakes Basin (GLB), corn acreage has been expanding since 2005 in response to high demand for corn as an ethanol feedstock. This study integrated remote sensing-derived products and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) within a geographic information system (GIS) modeling environment to assess the impacts of cropland change on sediment yield within four selected watersheds in the GLB. The SWAT models were calibrated during a 6 year period (2000–2005), and predicted stream flows were validated. The R ² values were 0.76, 0.80, 0.72, and 0.81 for the St. Joseph River, the St. Mary River, the Peshtigo River, and the Cattaraugus Creek watersheds, respectively. The corresponding E (Nash and Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient) values ranged from 0.24 to 0.79. The average annual sediment yields (tons/ha/year) ranged from 0.12 to 4.44 for the baseline (2000 to 2008) condition. Sediment yields were predicted to increase for possible future cropland change scenarios. The first scenario was to convert all “other” agricultural row crop types (i.e., sorghum) to corn fields and switch the current/baseline crop rotation into continuous corn. The average annual sediment yields increased 7–42 % for different watersheds. The second scenario was to further expand the corn planting to hay/pasture fields. The average annual sediment yields increased 33–127 % compared with baseline conditions.     

Dancing to different tunes: heterospecific deciphering of the honeybee waggle dance

Although the structure of the dance language is very similar among species of honeybees, communication of the distance component of the message varies both intraspecifically and interspecifically. However, it is not known whether different honeybee species would attend interspecific waggle dances and, if so, whether they can decipher such dances. Using mixed-species colonies of Apis cerana and Apis mellifera, we show that, despite internal differences in the structure of the waggle dances of foragers, both species attend, and act on the information encoded in each other’s waggle dances but with limited accuracy. These observations indicate that direction and distance communication pre-date speciation in honeybees.     

大型储油罐防雷防静电安全措施探讨

结合甬沪宁长距离进口原油管道的大型储油罐防雷防静电的情况,探讨大型储油罐防雷防静电的安全措施,建议在罐区外边境合理位置装设避雷针进行罐区阻雷保护.     

炼油厂设备检修期间污水处理装置运行探讨

针对炼油厂大检修期间污水处理装置正常运行的主要经验进行总结,可为同类装置设备提供参考。     

佳木斯市粉煤灰资源综合利用可行性分析

通过分析佳木斯市粉煤灰的产生量和主要用途,探讨粉煤灰综合利用的方法及原理,从而解决佳木斯市粉煤灰对环境的影响,变废为宝,实现固体废弃物的减量化、资源化、无害化.目的是解决建筑的填埋造成土地的不可复耕,破坏生态和粉煤灰的填埋产生的渗滤液对地下水的威胁.使固体废物综合利用项目可以收到良好的社会效益、经济效益、环境效益,阐述在佳木斯市投资粉煤灰综合利用项目的的可行性.     

浅析生态厕所在旅游业中的发展应用

鉴于水资源日益短缺,自然环境脆弱的实际情况,同时为了突破制约旅游业发展的"旅游厕所"这一瓶颈,坚持使用高科技、节能环保的生态厕所技术,以确保旅游业持续、快速、健康的发展.由于并非每一种生态环保厕所技术都适用于旅游业.文章从对现有的生态厕所进行技术归类、分析、总结,提出了适应于旅游业发展的生态厕所技术类型以及适用场所,并进一步指出现有生态厕所在应用中存在的一些技术问题.     

含锌废水对小麦种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

试验用不同浓度的锌溶液模拟污水,浸种后用水培法培养小麦,全面观察研究不同浓度的锌对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长过程中的形态和生理生化指标的影响以及相同浓度的锌溶液对不同品种小麦的影响,初步探讨锌对小麦的作用机制.结果表明:10 mg/L及20 mg/L的Zn2 溶液对小麦种子的萌发、幼苗根系活力和叶绿素含量有促进作用,25 mg/L～160 mg/L的Zn2 溶液随着浓度的增高使得小麦种子的发芽和幼苗根系及地上部分的生长发育受到押制,同时叶绿素的含量也有所降低;相同浓度的锌溶液对不同品种的小麦有不同程度的影响.     

构建能力本位考核评价体系的实践与探索

本文从考察秘书职业能力形成逻辑出发,探讨了如何建立各个教学课程和基础能力、专业能力、核心能力的考核标准与考核办法,并结合文秘专业教育实际描述了"单项技能考核评价"、"表现性评价"和"工作任务考核评价"等考核办法的改革实践,对构建"能力本位"的考核评价体系做了一点尝试.