论减灾效益

本文揭示了减灾效益的各种类型与形式。从其生命力、重要性、可见度、内容、行－效关系等各方面探讨了减灾效益之特征、规律、相互关系及各类效益在效益体系中的功用与地位。识效之全面而后可及识效益关系，效益生、运机理之全，进而可提高优化设计减灾系统的可能性。     

长江中游致洪暴雨天气气候特征

本文从建国以来长江中游地区发生的所有暴雨事件中选出四个典型年，并从这些典型年的暴雨个例中得出暴雨和大暴雨和大暴雨的分布范围和暴雨特征，由此而造成的特大洪水情况，以及洪涝灾害对国民经济的影响。最后应用天气归纳方法分析了暴雨的大尺度环流背景。     

荧光法测定微量硫酸盐的研究

研究了钪与桑色素形成的络合物在紫外光照射下产生淡绿色荧光,受硫酸根的影响而减弱,其荧光强度的降低量与硫酸根浓度成线性关系,据此建立了一个简便测定微量硫酸根的方法,适宜的测定范围为0～1.6mg/L SO_4~(2-),文中还研究了某些阳离子和阴离子的干扰影响及其消除,最后将本法应用于地热水、自来水、泉水、海水和一些分析纯化学试剂中微量硫酸盐的测定,方法灵敏、简便、快速,结果满意。     

氯氟烃替代物的开发研究进展

重点介绍了近年来国内外对氯氟烃替代物的研究开发动向，并简要地介绍了主要替代物的性能及应用情况。     

黄土残塬沟壑区土地开发适宜性评价方法研究

以发展经济为准绳，利用生物措施，开发土地资源，是有效地控制和改善黄土残塬沟壑区日益恶化的生态环境的根本保证。本文针对如何合理地利用农作物、果树、林木和牧草开发土地资源问题，提出了土地开发的适宜性评价方法，并以土地调查的小斑为单元，选用了原土地利用类型、坡度、坡向和海拔高程４个指标，对地处这一地区且作为国家＂八五＂重点攻关项目的隰县试验区的土地开发适宜性进行了评价，经初步开发实施，已收到了显著效果。     

Thermodynamic analysis of the role of chlorine and sulfur environments during combustion and incineration processes

 In order to control the emission of trace metals from combustion and incineration systems, sorbents and filters are sometimes used. However, the effectiveness of these methods is greatly affected by the volatility of the metals and the way in which they speciate during combustion, and afterwards during condensation, and physical or chemical sorption. Although there has been a lot of research into the mechanisms by which trace metals speciate and subsequently appear in submicron particles, the details of these mechanisms are not yet thoroughly understood. In this study, a chemical equilibrium approach was used to qualitatively determine the speciation of lead, cadmium, and chromium in Cl and S environments. The reaction conditions of sorbents were also tested numerically in order to understand the reaction behavior of metals with sorbents. This article reports the influence of different concentrations of Cl and SO₂ on Pb, Cd, and Cr speciation, as representatives of other trace elements. The partitioning behavior of metals during combustion was also examined for Cl and S. The results obtained indicate that most metals exist in the vapor phase, even at low temperatures, when chlorine is present. However, the addition of SO₂ enhances the formation of the condensed phase, except at extremely high temperatures. This observation was not significant for Cd or Cr. The higher the concentration of Cl the higher the retention of trace metals in the vapor phase, even at low temperatures. Results from comparisons of the reactivities of mixed metals with Cl indicate that the presence of Fe limits the reactivity of most trace metals with Cl except at higher concentrations. In the presence of Fe, alkali metals are the first to react with Cl. If Fe is not present, most trace metals react with Cl, and the activity increases with higher concentrations. On the other hand, the partitioning characteristics of S show that its presence generally means that metals remain in the condensed phase. Sulfur is more reactive with alkali metals than with other trace metals. Received: June 6, 2001 / Accepted: April 30, 2002     

烟气脱硫除尘设备和技术的研究及应用

论述了文氏栅洗涤器及其配套系统的研究和应用，介绍了新研制的采用双碱法结合的湿式脱硫除尘一体化设备——文氏栅洗涤器对工业炉窑的烟气进行脱硫除尘的工程应用情况。与同类工业窑炉烟气脱硫除尘设备相比。文氏栅洗涤器具有体积小，效率高，设备阻力低，耐腐蚀，抗结垢，适用不同的烟气量。组合性好，造价低等特点。是用于工业炉窑烟气脱硫除尘的理想设备。     

我国农村环境污染问题及成因分析

详细阐述了我国农村环境污染的具体表现,并综合分析了污染造成的危害及产生污染的原因,针对具体情况从促进农业生产方式转型、增强环保意识、统筹城乡发展防止污染转嫁、完善农村环境监督法律体系四个方面提出了治理环境污染、推进农村生态文明建设的可行性措施,以期为我国农村环境的综合治理提供参考。     

染料结晶紫降解菌分离及其特性研究

从印染废水中筛选分离得到结晶紫(CV)降解菌株H,并对其脱色条件和机理进行了研究.结果表明,在外加生长基质条件下,菌株H不仅对CV降解脱色而且能降解中间产物.在pH 7.0、35℃、摇床转速180 r/min条件下,菌株H有最佳的脱色效果.对于20 mg/L CV溶液,生长细胞降解0.5 h,脱色率可达95%.休眠细胞对CV的降解规律也进行了对比探讨.菌株H对CV脱色过程遵循一级动力学方程,脱色速率常数k随CV浓度升高而降低,生长细胞的k值约为休眠细胞的6～7倍.     

秦岭生态补偿理论研究与实践进展

生态补偿是通过经济手段促进生态保护与受益地区利益共享的制度设计,是促进我国生态文明建设的重要举措。秦岭是我国重点生态功能区,国家重要的生态安全屏障。生态补偿作为协调秦岭地区生态环境保护和社会经济发展的制度安排,有助于推动该区生态环境的保护与可持续利用,对实现秦岭地区社会经济可持续发展、促进人与自然和谐共生具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了秦岭生态补偿相关理论研究与实践,主要包括秦岭在区域调水、森林生态效益、生物多样性保护、矿产资源开发等方面的生态补偿研究,以及秦岭生态补偿相关政策法规制定、南水北调、退耕还林（草）以及生态移民搬迁等具体生态保护工程补偿实践,并从补偿对象、补偿标准、公众参与、补偿方式几个角度探讨了秦岭生态补偿存在的问题,提出了秦岭生态补偿研究的建议与对策。