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21.
A. R. Ghumman I. Hassan Q. U. Z. Khan M. A. Kamal 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(6):4897-4905
In this paper, variability in precipitation pattern of Pakistan due to environmental and climatic changes has been studied. Maps have been generated to depict global precipitation variation. Precipitation data of 25 stations of Pakistan have been used. These data were taken from Meteorological Department, Islamabad, Pakistan. The results of two global climate models, namely Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research’s third generation general circulation model and National Center for Atmospheric Research’s first generation precipitation circulation model for A2 scenario have been applied to investigate the changes. It is observed that precipitation pattern will change significantly in the future. The occurrence of precipitation in all seasons for Pakistan is expected to increase with almost uniform distribution across a season. Average annual precipitation of the country will undergo an increase in the range of +57 to +71 % as compared to average of the base period. 相似文献
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The amount of solid waste in the vicinity of the river Ganga increased rapidly during the festive days of Ardh-Kumbh. The
initial amount of solid waste was 775.0 kg, observed on 30th January 2004 in the Har Ki Pauri area, which increased to 4,550.0 kg
on the main bathing day of 4th May 2004, showing nearly a six-fold increase. The total amount of solid waste collected during
nine days of observations was 23,865.0 kg. The rate of solid waste generation fell sharply during the following week, after
the main bathing day, and was found to be 1,155.0 kg, which is still about 14.90% higher than the initial value. 相似文献
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Khoirakpam Kesho Singh Kula Kamal Senapati Chandan Borgohain Kanak Chandra Sarma 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(2):333-340
Chlorophenols, typically 4-chlorophenols are highly toxic and non-biodegradable organic contaminants which pose serious threat to the environment, particularly when released into aqueous medium. The removal of these pollutants by efficient method has received worldwide concern in recent past. A new Fe_3O_4–Cr_2O_3 magnetic nanocomposite was synthesized by wet chemical method under ultrasonic irradiation. Microstructure and morphology of the nanocomposite were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR), and a transmission electron microscope(TEM). Magnetic and optical properties were studied by a vibrating sample magnetometer(VSM) and an ultraviolet–visible(UV–Vis) spectrophotometer respectively. The magnetic nanocomposite(MNC) was used as photocatalyst for effective decomposition of 4-chlorophenol in water under ultraviolet(UV) irradiation. 相似文献
27.
Farhad Nejadkoorki Ken Nicholson Kamal Hadad 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,172(1-4):215-223
The implementation and maintenance of an air pollution monitoring program can be expensive and time consuming, especially when the aim is for long-term monitoring over a significant area. Consequently, it is essential that sites are optimized to provide the best representative cover while minimizing costs. In the past, there has been a tendency to locate sampling stations at pollution hot-spots. While this is acceptable for determining a maximum potential exposure or identifying the extent of a risk, there are limitations to this approach when assessing the potential impact of any future abatement strategies or determining the level of exposure outside the vicinity. This paper presents an approach in which representative air quality assessments can be undertaken for an urban area using the minimum number of measurement sites. A novel methodology is described that involves site selection to capture the maximum variance in measured pollutants, while minimizing spatiotemporal autocorrelation between the selected sites. A case study is presented for Yazd, Iran. Overall, the results show that the proposed methodology can be effective and enable the long-term monitoring of air pollution to be undertaken on a cost-effective basis in urban areas. In addition, there is the potential for the methodology to be utilized for other forms of pollution (e.g., water, soil, and noise). 相似文献
28.
Kamal Kothiyal Samuel Tettey 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(1):15-34
This paper presents anthropometric data on elderly people in Australia. Data were collected in the metropolitan city of Sydney, NSW, Australia. In all 171 elderly people (males and females, aged 65 years and above) took part in the study. Mean values, standard deviations, medians, range, and coefficients of variation for the various body dimensions were estimated. Correlation coefficients were also calculated to determine the relationship between different body dimensions for the elderly population. The mean stature of elderly Australian males and females were compared with populations from other countries. The paper discusses design implications for elderly people and provides several examples of application of the anthropometric data. 相似文献
29.
Qader Mohammed Redha Khan Shahnawaz Kamal Mustafa Usman Muhammad Haseeb Mohammad 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(12):17346-17357
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Global warming and climate change have become one of the most embarrassing and explosive problems/challenges all over the world, especially in... 相似文献
30.
Fresh and healthy specimens of Oreochromis niloticus (mean weight 70.5± 1.23 g and mean length, 12.3± 1.5cm) and Clarias gariepinus (mean weight, 41.8±2.3 g and mean length 13.78 ± 1.2 cm) were exposed to heavy metal lead, ranging in concentration from 10 to 18 mg L‐1 for O. niloticus and 20 to 28 mg L‐1 for C. gariepinus respectively. The 96 h LC50 for both the species was computed as 12.45 mg L‐1 (O. niloticus) and 22.65 mg L‐1 (C. gariepinus). The cichlid fish was exposed to sublethal concentration of lead (2, 4 and 6 mgL‐1) and catfish (4, 8 and 12 mgL‐1). The erythrocytes count, haemoglobin concentration, haematocrit and the value of serum glucose increased significantly (P < 0.01), whereas leucocytes count, serum protein and serum triglyceride after intoxication declined in both the species with the same pattern but in different quantity. After 96 h of time a significant depletion of muscle and liver glycogen was noted, being greater in muscle (16.7% in O. niloticus) and in liver (15.9% in C. gariepinus). The response of fish to lead was dose dependent. 相似文献