全文获取类型
收费全文 | 574篇 |
免费 | 11篇 |
国内免费 | 8篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 30篇 |
废物处理 | 26篇 |
环保管理 | 106篇 |
综合类 | 89篇 |
基础理论 | 138篇 |
污染及防治 | 131篇 |
评价与监测 | 50篇 |
社会与环境 | 16篇 |
灾害及防治 | 7篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 4篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 5篇 |
2019年 | 8篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 17篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 18篇 |
2014年 | 19篇 |
2013年 | 45篇 |
2012年 | 27篇 |
2011年 | 35篇 |
2010年 | 28篇 |
2009年 | 28篇 |
2008年 | 37篇 |
2007年 | 32篇 |
2006年 | 25篇 |
2005年 | 32篇 |
2004年 | 19篇 |
2003年 | 21篇 |
2002年 | 22篇 |
2001年 | 11篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 10篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 7篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 8篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有593条查询结果,搜索用时 172 毫秒
161.
PROBLEM: Disagreements between managers and employees about the causes of accidents and unsafe work behaviors can lead to serious workplace conflicts and distract organizations from the important work of establishing positive safety climate and reducing the incidence of accidents. METHOD AND RESULTS: In this study, the authors examine a model for predicting safe work behaviors and establish the model's consistency across managers and employees in a steel plant setting. Using the model previously described by Brown, Willis, and Prussia (2000), the authors found that when variables influencing safety are considered within a framework of safe work behaviors, managers and employees share a similar mental model. The study then contrasts employees' and managers' specific attributional perceptions. Findings from these more fine-grained analyses suggest the two groups differ in several respects about individual constructs. Most notable were contrasts in attributions based on their perceptions of safety climate. When perceived climate is poor, managers believe employees are responsible and employees believe managers are responsible for workplace safety. However, as perceived safety climate improves, managers and employees converge in their perceptions of who is responsible for safety. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: It can be concluded from this study that in a highly interdependent work environment, such as a steel mill, where high system reliability is essential and members possess substantial experience working together, managers and employees will share general mental models about the factors that contribute to unsafe behaviors, and, ultimately, to workplace accidents. It is possible that organizations not as tightly coupled as steel mills can use such organizations as benchmarks, seeking ways to create a shared understanding of factors that contribute to a safe work environment. Part of this improvement effort should focus on advancing organizational safety climate. As climate improves, managers and employees are likely to agree more about the causes of safe/unsafe behaviors and workplace accidents, ultimately increasing their ability to work in unison to prevent accidents and to respond appropriately when they do occur. Finally, the survey items included in this study may be useful to organizations wishing to conduct self-assessments. 相似文献
162.
Karen A. Poiani W. Carter. Johnson Timothy G. F. Kittel 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1995,31(2):283-294
ABSTRACT: We assessed the potential effects of increased temperature and changes in amount and seasonal timing of precipitation on the hydrology and vegetation of a semi-permanent prairie wetland in North Dakota using a spatially-defined, rule-based simulation model. Simulations were run with increased temperatures of 2°C combined with a 10 percent increase or decrease in total growing season precipitation. Changes in precipitation were applied either evenly across all months or to individual seasons (spring, summer, or fall). The response of semi-permanent wetland P1 was relatively similar under most of the seasonal scenarios. A 10 percent increase in total growing season precipitation applied to summer months only, to fall months only, and over all months produced lower water levels compared to those resulting from the current climate due to increased evapotranspiration. Wetland hydrology was most affected by changes in spring precipitation and runoff. Vegetation response was relatively consistent across scenarios. Seven of the eight seasonal scenarios produced drier conditions with no open water and greater vegetation cover compared to those resulting from the current climate. Only when spring precipitation increased did the wetland maintain an extensive open water area (49 percent). Potential changes in climate that affect spring runoff, such as changes to spring precipitation and snow melt, may have the greatest impact on prairie wetland hydrology and vegetation. In addition, relatively small changes in water level during dry years may affect the period of time the wetland contains open water. Emergent vegetation, once it is established, can survive under drier conditions due to its ability to persist in shallow water with fluctuating levels. The model's sensitivity to changes in temperature and seasonal precipitation patterns accentuates the need for accurate regional climate change projections from general circulation models. 相似文献
163.
Elizabeth W. Sulzman Karen A. Poiani Timothy G. F. Kittel 《Environmental management》1995,19(2):197-224
The rapid increase in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases has caused concern because of their potential to alter
the earth's radiation budget and disrupt current climate patterns While there are many uncertainties associated with use of
general circulation models (GCMs), GCMs are currently the best available technology to project changes in climate associated
with elevated gas concentrations. Results indicate increases in global temperature and changes in global precipitation patterns
are likely as a result of doubled CO2.
GCMs are not reliable for use at the regional scale because local scale processes and geography are not taken into account.
Comparison of results from five GCMs in three regions of the United States indicate high variability across regions and among
models depending on season and climate variable. Statistical methods of scaling model output and nesting finer resolution
models in global models are two techniques that may improve projections.
Despite the many limitations in GCMs, they are useful tools to explore climate-earth system dynamics when used in conjunction
with water resource and ecosystem models. A variety of water resource models showed significant alteration of regional hydrology
when run with both GCM-generated and hypothetical climate scenarios, regardless of region or model complexity. Similarly,
ecological models demonstrate the sensitivity of ecosystem production, nutrient dynamics, and distribution to changes in climate
and CO2 levels.
We recommend the use of GCM-based scenarios in conjunction with water resource and ecosystem models to guide environmental
management and policy in a “no-regrets” framework or as part of a precautionary approach to natural resource protection. 相似文献
164.
Adesoji Adelaja Donn Derr Karen Rose-Tank 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》1989,2(2):97-112
A cash-flow viability model is used to evaluate the impacts of land-use zoning on farm households in New Jersey. Findings suggest that zoning results in increased production expenses, lower efficiency and profitability, and the devaluation of land assets. Cash flow and economic viability are, thus, reduced. Impacts of zoning on farm incomes, off-farm incomes, revenues from land sales, indebtedness, and farm sizes were not statistically significant. The results suggest that the use of land-use zoning statutes to guarantee the existence of agriculture may not be equitable unless transferable development rights or other methods of compensating farmers for their losses are simultaneously implemented. 相似文献
165.
Methods development and use of macroinvertebrates as indicators of ecological conditions for streams in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands Region 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Klemm DJ Blocksom KA Thoeny WT Fulk FA Herlihy AT Kaufmann PR Cormier SM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2002,78(2):169-212
The Mid-Atlantic Highlands Assessment (MAHA) included the sampling of macroinvertebrates from 424 wadeable stream sites to determine status and trends, biological conditions, and water quality in first through third order streams in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands Region (MAHR) of the United States in 1993–1995. We identified reference and impaired sites using water chemistry and habitat criteria and evaluated a set of candidate macroinvertebrate metrics using a stepwise process. This process examined several metric characteristics, including ability of metrics to discriminate reference and impaired sites, relative scope of impairment, correlations with chemical and habitat indicators of stream disturbance, redundancy with other metrics, and within-year variability. Metrics that performed well were compared with metrics currently being used by three states in the region: Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia. Some of the metrics used by these states did not perform well when evaluated using regional data, while other metrics used by all three states in some form, specifically number of taxa, number of EPT taxa, and Hilsenhoff Biotic Index, performed well overall. Reasons for discrepancies between state and regional evaluations of metrics are explored. We also provide a set of metrics that, when used in combination, may provide a useful assessment of stream conditions in the MAHR. 相似文献
166.
Bioassessment of nonwadeable streams in the United States is increasing, but methods for these systems are not as well-developed as for wadeable streams. In this study, we compared six macroinvertebrate field sampling methods for nonwadeable streams adapted from those used by three major programs: the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program-Surface Waters, the U.S. Geological Surveys National Water Quality Assessment Program, and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency, Division of Surface Water Biocriteria Program. We performed all six methods at 60 sites across four rivers and measured water chemistry and physical habitat at each site to assess abiotic conditon. Sites were divided into two groups: those influenced by navigational lock and dam structures (restricted flow, or RF) and those free-flowing or with lowhead dams (run-of-the-river, or ROR). Metrics based on passive Hester-Dendy artificial substrate samplers differed greatly from active sampling methods (i.e., using nets) but represented abiotic conditions well in both ROR and RF sites. Although metric values were similar across certain sampling methods, the metrics significantly correlated with abiotic variables varied among methods and between ROR and RF sites. These results emphasize that methods are not interchangeable, and the ability to detect certain stressors depends on sampling method.The U.S. Governments right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged. 相似文献
167.
Hoenicke R Davis JA Gunther A Mumley TE Abu-Saba K Taberski K 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):15-25
The San Francisco Estuary Regional Monitoring Program (RMP) for Trace Substances is an innovative partnership among a regulatory agency, more than 70 regulated entities, and an independent scientific organization. The institutional arrangement behind the RMP has made the regulatory system increasingly responsive to emerging management needs, particularly with regard to the development of total maximum daily loads and ecosystem impairment assessment. Through multi-agency partnerships within and outside the RMP institutional structure, major information gaps for several pollutants of concern have been narrowed, resulting in a successful consensus-based regulatory approach to managing copper and nickel mass inputs into the Estuary. Short-term research efforts, based upon monitoring results, helped identify the most cost-effective control and remediation options for various bioaccumulative substances. Additionally, adaptive changes to the monitoring program documented the existence of widespread aquatic toxicity in the Estuary that is apparently due to pesticide runoff from agricultural and urban areas. One of the most important contributions of this collaborative monitoring program is the deliberate and systematic adjustment of management and research questions that serve to influence and add relevance to the overall research agenda related to San Francisco Estuary ecosystem assessment. 相似文献
168.
John W. Hunt Brian S. Anderson Bryn M. Phillips Ron S. Tjeerdema Nancy Richard Val Connor Karen Worcester Mark Angelo Amanda Bern Brian Fulfrost Dustin Mulvaney 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,121(1-3):243-260
Pesticide applications to agricultural lands in California, USA, are reported to a central data base, while data on water and sediment quality are collected by a number of monitoring programs. Data from both sources are geo-referenced, allowing spatial analysis of relationships between pesticide application rates and the chemical and biological condition of water bodies. This study collected data from 12 watersheds, selected to represent a range of pesticide usage. Water quality parameters were measured during six surveys of stream sites receiving runoff from the selected watershed areas. This study had three objectives: to evaluate the usefulness of pesticide application data in selecting regional monitoring sites, to provide information for generating and testing hypotheses about pesticide fate and effects, and to determine whether in-stream nitrate concentration was a useful surrogate indicator for regional monitoring of toxic substances. Significant correlations were observed between pesticide application rates and in-stream pesticide concentrations (p < 0.05) and toxicity (p < 0.10). In-stream nitrate concentrations were not significantly correlated with either the amount of pesticides applied, in-stream pesticide concentrations, or in-stream toxicity (all p > 0.30). Neither total watershed area nor the area in which pesticide usage was reported correlated significantly with the amount of pesticides applied, in-stream pesticide concentrations, or in-stream toxicity (all p > 0.14). In-stream pesticide concentrations and effects were more closely related to the intensity of pesticide use than to the area under cultivation. 相似文献
169.
Rodríguez-Aguilar Maribel Díaz de León-Martínez Lorena García-Luna Sofía Gómez-Gómez Alejandro González-Palomo Ana Karen Pérez-Vázquez Francisco Javier Díaz-Barriga Fernando Trujillo Joyce Flores-Ramírez Rogelio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25825-25833
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Indoor air pollution is an important risk factor for the generation of lung diseases in developing countries. The indigenous population is... 相似文献
170.
James Stephen Robinson Karen Baumann Yongfeng Hu Philipp Hagemann Lutz Kebelmann Peter Leinweber 《Ambio》2018,47(1):73-82
Strategies are needed to increase the sustainability of phosphorus (P) fertiliser management in agriculture. This paper reports on the potential of pyrolysis treatment to recycle P from renewable materials previously regarded as wastes. The study used K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy to examine chemical forms of P in the waste feedstock materials and corresponding biochars (pyrolysis at 480–500 °C) of four ligno-cellulosic, plant-based residues and five relatively P-rich livestock and water-treatment by-products, to acquire information on changes in potential P fertiliser value. Pyrolysis enriched P in the biochars by factors of 1.3–4.3, thus offering wide-ranging P fertiliser potential. XANES spectroscopy revealed hydroxyapatite (HAP) as one of the dominant chemical P compounds in the feedstocks, ranging from 14% (rice husks) to 98% (animal bone) of total P. For most materials, pyrolysis increased the proportion of HAP, and pyrophosphates were generated in several cases. These alterations possibly lead to diversity in the P solubility characteristics of the biochars if used as soil amendments; this is an important property of environmentally sound P fertilisers. 相似文献