全文获取类型
收费全文 | 216篇 |
免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 5篇 |
废物处理 | 9篇 |
环保管理 | 17篇 |
综合类 | 36篇 |
基础理论 | 26篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 94篇 |
评价与监测 | 16篇 |
社会与环境 | 10篇 |
灾害及防治 | 2篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 2篇 |
2021年 | 5篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 5篇 |
2018年 | 10篇 |
2017年 | 13篇 |
2016年 | 5篇 |
2015年 | 6篇 |
2014年 | 5篇 |
2013年 | 14篇 |
2012年 | 8篇 |
2011年 | 12篇 |
2010年 | 10篇 |
2009年 | 6篇 |
2008年 | 8篇 |
2007年 | 12篇 |
2006年 | 11篇 |
2005年 | 8篇 |
2004年 | 9篇 |
2003年 | 14篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 5篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 3篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1993年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 2篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1962年 | 2篇 |
1960年 | 1篇 |
1959年 | 1篇 |
1956年 | 1篇 |
1953年 | 1篇 |
1949年 | 1篇 |
1922年 | 2篇 |
1920年 | 1篇 |
1918年 | 1篇 |
1913年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有217条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
161.
Pihl Karlsson G Akselsson C Hellsten S Karlsson PE 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(12):3571-3582
Changes in sulphur and nitrogen pollution in Swedish forests have been assessed in relation to European emission reductions, based on measurements in the Swedish Throughfall Monitoring Network. Measurements were analysed over 20 years with a focus on the 12-year period 1996 to 2008. Air concentrations of SO2 and NO2, have decreased. The SO4-deposition has decreased in parallel with the European emission reductions. Soil water SO4-concentrations have decreased at most sites but the pH, ANC and inorganic Al-concentrations indicated acidification recovery only at some of the sites. No changes in the bulk deposition of inorganic nitrogen could be demonstrated. Elevated NO3-concentrations in the soil water occurred at irregular occasions at some southern sites. Despite considerable air pollution emission reductions in Europe, acidification recovery in Swedish forests soils is slow. Nitrogen deposition to Swedish forests continues at elevated levels that may lead to leaching of nitrate to surface waters. 相似文献
162.
Complex socio-environmental risks challenge society. In response to scientific uncertainty and socio-political controversies,
environmental governance, precaution, and the ecosystem approach to management are held forward as complements to governmental
risk-based sector-restricted regulation. We analyze this development for hazardous substances in the Baltic Sea. Based on
interviews and policy analysis, we study informal governance and, in particular, four central EU and international policies,
and investigate how present governance relates to risks and objectives at hand. While showing emergence of broader governance
approaches, we conclude that central objectives will not likely be met. Furthermore, we question the quest for broad environmental
governance and emphasize the value of command and control regulation, if it implements precaution. These findings contribute
to the theorizing on environmental (risk) governance. Finally, we provide some ideas that could help development and implementation
of risk policies for hazardous chemicals in the Baltic Sea as well as other complex risks. 相似文献
163.
Hinger G Brinkmann M Bluhm K Sagner A Takner H Eisenträger A Braunbeck T Engwall M Tiehm A Hollert H 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(8):1297-1304
Purpose
Heterocyclic aromatic compounds containing nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen heteroatoms (NSO-HET) have been detected in air, soil, marine, and freshwater systems. However, only few publications are available investigating NSO-HET using in vitro bioassays. To support better characterization of environmental samples, selected NSO-HET were screened for dioxin-like activity in two bioassays. 相似文献164.
Water concentrations of PCDD/Fs, HCB, and non-ortho, mono-ortho, and non-dioxin-like PCBs were measured four times during 1 year in a coastal area of the Baltic Sea, to investigate background levels and distribution behaviour. Sampling sites included two rivers, an estuary, and the sea. Particulate and apparently dissolved concentrations were determined using active sampling (filters + PUFs), while freely dissolved concentrations were determined using passive sampling (POM-samplers). The distribution between particulate + colloidal and freely dissolved phases, in the form of TOC-normalized distribution ratios (KTOC), was found to be near or at equilibrium. The observed KTOC were not significantly different between sampling sites or seasons. For PCDD/Fs, the concentrations were significantly correlated to suspended particulate matter (SPM), while no correlation to organic carbon (TOC) was observed. In the estuary and the sea, PCB concentrations were correlated to TOC. The sorption of various congeners to SPM and TOC appeared to be related to both hydrophobicity and 3D-structure. The PCDD/F concentration in the sea decreased to one third in May, likely connected to the increased vertical flux of particles during the spring bloom. 相似文献
165.
Karlsson PE Braun S Broadmeadow M Elvira S Emberson L Gimeno BS Le Thiec D Novak K Oksanen E Schaub M Uddling J Wilkinson M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,146(3):608-616
Published ozone exposure-response relationships from experimental studies with young trees performed at different sites across Europe were re-analysed in order to test the performance of ozone exposure indices based on AOTX (Accumulated exposure Over a Threshold of X nmol mol(-1)) and AF(st)Y (Accumulated Stomatal Flux above a threshold of Y nmol m(-2) s(-1)). AF(st)1.6 was superior, as compared to AOT40, for explaining biomass reductions, when ozone sensitive species with differing leaf morphology were included in the analysis, while this was not the case for less sensitive species. A re-analysis of data with young black cherry trees, subject to different irrigation regimes, indicated that leaf visible injuries were more strongly related to the estimated stomatal ozone uptake, as compared to the ozone concentration in the air. Experimental data with different clones of silver birch indicated that leaf thickness was also an important factor influencing the development of ozone induced leaf visible injury. 相似文献
166.
Bergknut M Sehlin E Lundstedt S Andersson PL Haglund P Tysklind M 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,145(1):154-160
The aim of this study was to evaluate different techniques for assessing the availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. This was done by comparing the amounts (total and relative) taken up by the earthworm Eisenia fetida with the amounts extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME), semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs), leaching with various solvent mixtures, leaching using additives, and sequential leaching. Bioconcentration factors of PAHs in the earthworms based on equilibrium partitioning theory resulted in poor correlations to observed values. This was most notable for PAHs with high concentrations in the studied soil. Evaluation by principal component analysis (PCA) showed distinct differences between the evaluated techniques and, generally, there were larger proportions of carcinogenic PAHs (4-6 fused rings) in the earthworms. These results suggest that it may be difficult to develop a chemical method that is capable of mimicking biological uptake, and thus estimating the bioavailability of PAHs. 相似文献
167.
Jernbro S Rocha PS Keiter S Skutlarek D Färber H Jones PD Giesy JP Hollert H Engwall M 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(2):85-87
Background, Aim and Scope
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS; C8F17SO3-) is a fully fluorinated organic compound which has been manufactured for decades
and was used widely in industrial and commercial products. The recent toxicological knowledge of PFOS mainly concerns mono-substance
exposures of PFOS to biological systems, leaving the potential interactive effects of PFOS with other compounds as an area
where understanding is significantly lacking. However, a recent study, reported the potential of PFOS to enhance the toxicity
of two compounds by increasing cell membrane permeability. This is of particular concern since PFOS has been reported to be
widely distributed in the environment where contaminants are known to occur in complex mixtures. In this study, PFOS was evaluated
alone and in combination with cyclophosphamide (CPP) to investigate whether a presence of PFOS leads to an increased genotoxic
potential of CPP towards hamster lung V79 cells. Genotoxicity was investigated using the micronucleus (MN) assay according
to the recent draft ISO/DIS 21427-2 method. PFOS alone demonstrated no genotoxicity up to a concentration of 12.5 mg/L. However,
PFOS combined with two different concentrations of CPP, with metabolic activation, caused a significant increase in the number
of micronucleated cells compared to treatments with CPP only. These results provide a first indication that PFOS has the potential
to enhance the genotoxic action of CPP towards V79 cells, suggesting that together with the alterations in cell membrane properties
shown previously, that genotoxicity of complex mixtures may be increased significantly by changes in chemical uptake. Together
with an earlier study performed by the own working group it can be concluded that PFOS alone is not genotoxic in this bioassay
using V79 cells up to 12.5 mg/L, but that further investigations are needed to assess the potential interaction between PFOS
and other substances, in particular regarding the impact of membrane alterations on the uptake of toxic substances.
Materials and Methods:
-
Results:
-
Discussion:
-
Conclusions:
-
Recommendations and Perspectives:
- 相似文献
168.
Olsman Helena Schnrer Anna Bjrnfoth Heln van Bavel Bert Engwall Magnus 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(1):36-43
Goals, Scope and Background
Anaerobic digestion of organic household waste can lead to an increase in dioxin-like content, as determined by dioxin-specific bioassays. This may be a result of bioactivation of Ah receptor (AhR) agonists into more potent congeners. Work towards identifying the contributing compound groups is important in order to understand the mechanisms and to assess the relevance behind this increase in dioxin-like toxicity, since the residue can be used as a soil fertilising agent. The aim with the present work was to identify compound groups with AhR agonistic properties that caused the previously reported increase in dioxin-like activity after anaerobic biodegradationMethods
Firstly, chemical fractionation combined with dioxin bioassay testing was used to find bioactive classes of compounds. Secondly, batch digestion experiments with an externally added polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) mixture (Clophen A50) and with decabrominated diphenyl ether (decaBDE), respectively, were studied as a possible process for transformation of precursors into more potent, dioxin-like compounds. Mesophilic (37ºC) and thermophilic (55ºC) anaerobic digestion were studied. Two different dioxin-specific bioassays were used to analyse AhR agonists in the biodegraded material, the CELCAD and the DR-CALUX.Results and Discussion
AhR agonist activity was detected in both di- and polyaromatic fractions of digestate extracts, which indicated that a diverse mixture of compounds contributed to the bioassay responses. No quantifiable activities were induced by the monoaromatic fractions. Further fractionation based on planarity revealed higher concentrations of AhR agonists than what was detected after the first fractionation, probably due to non-additive biological interactions of compounds in the extract that were removed in the second fractionation. These results showed significant activity in the non-planar diaromatic fractions and in the co-planar fractions of both diaromates and polyaromates. In the batch experiment with externally added PCB, an increase in dioxin-like activity was seen after 21 days of digestion at mesophilic conditions. After completed digestion, the content of AhR agonists was equal to the start concentration. PCB analysis with GC-MS indicated that dehalogenation of PCBs occurred in the digestors. The batch experiment with decaBDE showed no significant changes in TEQ-concentrations over time.Conclusions
The results show that the previously reported increase of AhR agonists during mesophilic anaerobic digestion is probably due to an accumulation of several different groups of AhR agonists, both diaromatic and polyaromatic, and both co-planar and non-planar. Batch experiments with externally added PCBs and decaBDE, respectively, did not result in any accumulation of AhR agonist activity after completed digestion, even though chemical analysis indicate a dechlorination of PCBs. Complex, unfractionated extracts were difficult to test using the bioassay approach. Removal of AhR antagonists or otherwise interacting compounds during fractionation may yield bio-TEQ values that are much higher than in the original extract.Recommendations and Perspective
. Our results indicate that the environmental risk that AhR agonists may pose concerning large-scale anaerobic digestion of organic household waste probably depends on the efficiency of the digester and the sludge residence time. In order to obtain reliable results with the bioassays, an extensive cleanup and fractionation procedure is necessary. Without clean up and fractionation, there is a risk for false negatives and misleading conclusions. DR-CALUX and CELCAD were both suitable for these kinds of studies, provided that suitable fractionation methods are used.169.
Adaptive management of the Great Barrier Reef and the Grand Canyon world heritage areas 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Hughes TP Gunderson LH Folke C Baird AH Bellwood D Berkes F Crona B Helfgott A Leslie H Norberg J Nyström M Olsson P Osterblom H Scheffer M Schuttenberg H Steneck RS Tengö M Troell M Walker B Wilson J Worm B 《Ambio》2007,36(7):586-592
Conventional perceptions of the interactions between people and their environment are rapidly transforming. Old paradigms that view humans as separate from nature, natural resources as inexhaustible or endlessly substitutable, and the world as stable, predictable, and in balance are no longer tenable. New conceptual frameworks are rapidly emerging based on an adaptive approach that focuses on learning and flexible management in a dynamic social-ecological landscape. Using two iconic World Heritage Areas as case studies (the Great Barrier Reef and the Grand Canyon) we outline how an improved integration of the scientific and social aspects of natural resource management can guide the evolution of multiscale systems of governance that confront and cope with uncertainty, risk, and change in an increasingly human-dominated world. 相似文献
170.
Magnus E. Skold Geoffrey D. Thyne John W. Drexler John E. McCray 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》2009,107(3-4):108-113
Carboxymethyl-β-cyclodextrin (CMCD) has been suggested as a complexing agent for remediation of sites co-contaminated with metals and organic pollutants. As part of an attempt to construct a geochemical complexation model for metal-CMCD interactions, conditional formation constants for the complexes between CMCD and 7 metal ions (Ba, Ca, Cd, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn) are estimated from experimental data. Stable metal concentrations were reached after approximately 1 day and estimated logarithmic conditional formation constants range from − 3.2 to − 5.1 with confidence intervals within ± 0.08 log units. Experiments performed at 10 °C and 25 °C show that temperature affects the solubility of the metal salts but the strength of CMCD-metal complexes are not affected by this temperature variation. The conditional stability constants and complexation model presented in this work can be used to screen CMCD as a potential remediation agent for clean-up of contaminated soil and groundwater. 相似文献