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161.
162.
Karsten Klint Jensen 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2006,19(3):269-283
When it comes to conflict over risk management priorities in food production, a number of observers, including myself, have
called for some sort of public deliberation as a means of resolving the moral disagreements underlying such conflicts. This
paper asks how, precisely, such deliberation might be facilitated. It is shown that representative democracy and the liberal
regulation that most Western democracies adhere to place important constraints on public deliberation. The challenge is to
find forums for public deliberation that can operate within these constraints while still making a constructive contribution. 相似文献
163.
The basic pyrolysis behaviour of ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA) copolymer, which is often used as a lamination agent in solar modules, was investigated in thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis(DTA) and thermovolumetry. The TG analysis showed that the EVA pyrolysis can be accelerated under the partial oxidizing atmosphere but the end pyrolysis temperature must be higher than in nitrogen, to eliminate the coke formed. Meanwhile, a strong exothermal peak occurs at about 450% under the air condition and gets weaker obviously at the oxygen content lower than 10 vol. %. The mass balance of EVA pyrolysis was given through the thermovolumetry with the output of l0 wt. % permanent gas, 89.9 wt. % condensate and 0.1% residual coke. Besides, the composition of the permanent gas and condensate at different pyrolysis stages were analysed and interpreted on the known pyrolysis mechanism. 相似文献
164.
Karsten Suhre Vincent Crassier Cline Mari Robert Rosset Doug W. Johnson Simon Osborne Robert Wood Meinrat O. Andreae Brian Bandy Timothy S. Bates Steven Businger Christian Gerbig Frank Raes Jochen Rudolph 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2000,34(29-30)
Three Lagrangian experiments were conducted during IGAC's second aerosol characterization experiment (ACE-2) in the area between Portugal, Tenerife and Madeira in June/July 1997. During each Lagrangian experiment, a boundary layer air mass was followed for about 30 h, and the temporal evolution of its chemical and aerosol composition was documented by a series of vertical profiles and horizontal box pattern flown by the Meteorological Research Flight research aircraft Hercules C130. The wealth of observational data that has been collected during these three Lagrangian experiments is the basis for the development and testing of a one-dimensional Lagrangian boundary layer model with coupled gas, aqueous, and aerosol phase chemistry. The focus of this paper is on current model limitations and strengths. We show that the model is able to represent the dynamical and chemical evolution of the marine boundary layer, in some cases requiring adjustments of the subsidence velocity and of the surface heat fluxes. Entrainment of a layer rich in ozone and carbon monoxide from a residual continental boundary layer into the marine boundary layer as well as in-cloud oxidation of sulphur dioxide by hydrogen peroxide are simulated, and coherent results are obtained, concerning the evolution of the small, presumably sulphate–ammonia aerosol mode. 相似文献
165.
166.
Sunohara MD Topp E Wilkes G Gottschall N Neumann N Ruecker N Jones TH Edge TA Marti R Lapen DR 《Journal of environmental quality》2012,41(4):1301-1314
This 5-yr study compared, via an upstream-downstream experimental design, nutrient and microbial water quality of an intermittent stream running through a small pasture (~2.5 animals ha) where cattle are restricted from the riparian zone (restricted cattle access [RCA]) and where cattle have unrestricted access to the stream (unrestricted cattle access [URCA]). Fencing in the RCA excluded pasturing cattle to within ~3 to 5 m of the stream. Approximately 88% (26/32) of all comparisons of mean contaminant load reduction for lower, higher, and all stream flow conditions during the 5-yr study indicated net contaminant load reductions in the RCA; for the URCA, this percentage was 38% (12/32). For all flow conditions, mean percent load reductions in the RCA for nutrients and bacteria plus F-coliphage were 24 and 23%, respectively. These respective percentages for the URCA were -9 and -57% (positive values are reductions; negative values are increases). However, potentially as a result of protected wildlife habitat in the RCA, the mean percent load reduction for for "all flow" was -321% for the RCA and 60% for the URCA; for , these respective percentages were -209% (RCA) and 73% (URCA). For "all flow" situations, mean load reductions for the RCA were significantly greater ( < 0.1) than those from the URCA for NH-N, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total coliform, , and . For "high flow" situations, mean load reductions were significantly greater for the RCA for DRP, total coliform, and . For "low flow" conditions, significantly greater mean load reductions were in favor of the RCA for DRP, total P, total coliforms, fecal coliforms, , and . In no case were mean pollutant loads in the URCA significantly higher than RCA pollutant loads. Restricting pasturing livestock to within 3 to 5 m of intermittent streams can improve water quality; however, water quality impairment can occur if livestock have unrestricted access to a stream. 相似文献
167.
Jorgelina R. Muscatello Karsten Liber 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(5):1696-1701
Evaluation of aqueous uranium (U) uptake and depuration in larvae of the midge Chironomus tentans were investigated in two separated experiments. First, a static-renewal experiment was performed with 10-d old C. tentans larvae exposed to 300 μg U/L. The animals steadily accumulated U (Ku = 20.3) approaching steady-state conditions (BAF = 56) in approximately 9-11 d. However, accumulated U was readily depurated (Kd = 0.36) with U tissue concentration decreasing rapidly within 3 d of the larvae being placed in clean water (t1/2 = 1.9 d). Also, the growth of C. tentans larvae appeared to decrease after 6-11 d of U exposure, probably due to the reallocation of resources into U detoxification mechanisms. However, growth significantly increased once C. tentans were transferred to clean water. A separate short-term experiment was performed to evaluate the possible mechanism of U uptake in this invertebrate. Results suggested a passive mechanism of U uptake coupled with an active mechanism of U depuration but no details related to the type of mechanisms or pathway was investigated. 相似文献
168.
The fate of the three environmentally relevant β-blockers atenolol, metoprolol and propranolol has been studied in batch experiments involving aquifer material and nitrate reducing conditions. Results from the about 90 d long tests indicate that abiotic processes, most likely sorption, jointly with biotransformation to atenololic acid were responsible for the 65% overall removal observed for atenolol. Zero order kinetics, typical of enzyme-limited reactions, controlled the transformation of this beta blocker to its corresponding carboxylic acid. The mass balance evidences that no mineralization of atenolol occurs in the biotic experiment and that atenololic acid is more stable than its parent compound under the studied conditions. This finding stresses the importance of considering atenololic acid as target compound in the environmental studies on the fate of atenolol. For metoprolol and propranolol the results from the experiment suggest a slower sorption to be the dominant removal process, which led to final decreases in concentrations of 25-30% and 40-45%, respectively. Overall, the removals observed in the experiments suggest that subsurface processes potentially constitute an alternative water treatment for the target beta-blockers, when compared to the removals reported for conventional wastewater treatment plants. 相似文献
169.
Field screening methods for the analysis of explosives (for which commercial test kits are generally available) are reviewed. These techniques include immunoassays, photometric methods, bio and chemical sensors as well as thin layer chromatography. Basic aspects of these techniques are discussed, their validation is presented and their application to water and soil samples from hazardous ammunition waste is described. An evaluation of field studies with commercial test kits demonstrates that these techniques can be applied successfully for both the exploration of suspected contaminated sites and their sanitation. These methods are used on-site. In general, they allow short analysis times and a high sample throughput, thus leading to a significant reduction of the number of samples to be analysed in the laboratory and the costs. 相似文献
170.
Karsten Mohr 《Environmental Sciences Europe》2007,19(4):255-264