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排序方式: 共有121条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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Roland Axt-Fliedner Andrii Kurkevych Maciej Slodki Maria Respondek-Liberska Katarzyna Zych-Krekora Rüdiger Stressig Jochen Ritgen Guiseppe Rizzo Martin Krapp Luc de Catte Gunther Mielke Stephan Bosselmann Mathias Meyer-Wittkopf Andreea Kawecki Aline Wolter Marios Mamalis Christian Enzensberger 《黑龙江环境通报》2017,37(8):812-819
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Medications for pregnant women: A balancing act between the interests of the mother and of the fetus
Drug entry into the adult brain is controlled by efflux mechanisms situated in various brain barrier interfaces. The effectiveness of these protective mechanisms in the embryo, fetus and newborn brain is less clear. The longstanding belief that “the” blood-brain barrier is absent or immature in the fetus and newborn has led to many misleading statements with potential clinical implications. Here we review the properties of brain barrier mechanisms in the context of drug entry into the developing brain and discuss the limited number of studies published on the subject. We noticed that most of available literature suffers from some experimental limitations, notably that drug levels in fetal blood and cerebrospinal fluid have not been measured. This means that the relative contribution to the overall brain protection provided by individual barriers such as the placenta (which contains similar efflux mechanisms) and the brain barriers cannot be separately ascertained. Finally, we propose that systematic studies in appropriate animal models of drug entry into the brain at different stages of development would provide a rational basis for use of medications in pregnancy and in newborns, especially prematurely born, where protection usually provided by the placenta is no longer present. 相似文献
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Tadeusz Stefanowicz Stefania Napieralska-Zagozda Ma
gorzata Osi
ska Katarzyna Samsonowska 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》1992,6(4)
The method of ammonium ion removal from industrial waste solutions was investigated and parameters for MgNH4PO4 precipitation were determined. A solution laden with NH4+ ions was brought to pH 1–2 by the use of H3PO4; MgO was then added and the pH adjusted to 9–10 with the use of NaOH solution. Stirring of the suspension was carried out during a prolonged period of time ( 3 hours), with final filtration or sedimentation. By this method the ammonium ion content in the filtrate may be reduced to concentrations below 1 mg/l. The MgNH4PO4·6H2O sediment produced is considered to be a long-term fertilizer, suitable for agricultural use. 相似文献
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Selected volatile organohalogen compounds (VOX) were investigated in urine samples from people living in different areas of the Gdańsk-Sopot-Gdynia TriCity (Poland). The analytes were isolated and preconcentrated using the so-called thin layer headspace technique with autogenous generation of the liquid sorbent. Final gas chromatographic determination was carried out by direct aqueous injection with electron capture detection. Analyte concentrations in drinking water ranged from not detected to approximately 8 microg/l (chloroform), depending on the source of drinking water in a given part of the TriCity (underground, surface or mixed). The corresponding urine levels were typically lower by about an order of magnitude. VOX levels in urine of people living in the parts of the TriCity supplied with drinking water containing elevated levels of the analytes were higher than the levels in urine of people whose drinking water originated from deep underground wells. The linear correlation coefficients for the relationships between total VOX and chloroform levels in drinking water and in urine were r2=0.65 and 0.88, respectively. The fraction of VOX excreted with urine in unchanged form did not exceed 20%. 相似文献
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Puławska Aleksandra Manecki Maciej Flasza Michał Styszko Katarzyna 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(9):3533-3556
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - The composition and distribution of airborne particles in different locations in a salt mine were determined in terms of their origin, the distance from the... 相似文献
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Katarzyna Wojczulanis-Jakubas Dariusz Jakubas Olivier Chastel 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2014,68(9):1521-1530
Despite a great number of studies on extra-pair paternity in birds, the actual roles of males and females in extra-pair contacts is poorly understood, as detailed behavioural studies comparing the reproductive performance of the two sexes prior to egg laying are relatively scarce. Here, we investigated mating behaviour (copulations and aggressive interactions), time budget and body condition (size-adjusted body mass and baseline corticosterone level) in the little auk (Alle alle), a monogamous and highly colonial, Arctic seabird. We performed the study in a large breeding colony of the little auk in Hornsund (Spitsbergen). We found that the males frequently attempted extra-pair copulations (EPCs), although these contacts were almost always unsuccessful, mostly because of the females’ rejection behaviour. These results clearly indicate that genetic monogamy is maintained through female control. Nevertheless, males tried to protect their paternity by staying in close proximity to their females and aggressively intervening when their mates became involved in EPCs. Compared to females, males also spent more time in the colony guarding nest sites. Despite the apparent sex differences in the time budget and frequency of aggressive interactions, body condition was similar in the two sexes, indicating comparable parental investments during the mating period. 相似文献