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101.
Martin Glor Patrice Müller Christian Kubainsky 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2009,87(1):64-69
Filling and emptying normal FIBC (flexible intermediate bulk containers) in hazardous areas represents a high electrostatic ignition hazard. Manufacturers of FIBC have therefore designed different measures to reduce the ignition risks from static electricity. Depending on the measures applied FIBC are categorized into types A, B, C and D. End of 2005 a new international standard for testing type D FIBC has been published. Type D FIBC have now to be certified according to this standard. Since this standard requires comprehensive ignition testing on a test rig especially designed for this purpose, industry is looking for a simpler test method, which can be used for the development of new FIBC fabric and in production quality control. In the present paper it is attempted to apply the method of charge transfer measurement to assess the ignition probability of static discharged from FIBC during filling and emptying and to correlate the results with the ignition tests performed on the standard test rig. 相似文献
102.
Martin Oteng-Ababio 《Local Environment》2018,23(3):316-334
This paper explores the complexities, degree of organisation and embedded potentials in selected informal worlds of work involving women in Agbogbloshie, a site that has achieved both national and international notoriety for its ostensible environmental and social unrest challenges. The analysis provides empirical evidence to show how informality remains a persistent, substantial and the defining feature of Ghana’s economy in terms of its fostering growth and creating jobs, although its overall role in the national development discourse is largely ignored or seldom considered. Drawing on participant observation and qualitative field-based survey data, the paper presents the multi-dimensional ways migrant women from northern Ghana adopt to innovate, network and “graduate” from e-waste-related activities to engage in long-distance trade, which, in turn, serves as a catalyst for spin-off activities that manifest differently between the south and the north of the country. It also sheds light on how these women, with little prospect of formal employment, negotiate contemporary economic shifts and create an occupational continuum that defies strict compartmentalisation. The paper adds to the expanding corpus of writings on informalisation as a growing, noteworthy and integral feature of Sub-Saharan Africa’s economy. 相似文献
103.
104.
Keri L. Christensen Anthony P. Gallacher Lizzie Martin Desmond Tong Mark A. Elgar 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2010,97(10):941-944
The geometric framework model predicts that animal foraging decisions are influenced by their dietary history, with animals targeting a combination of essential nutrients through compensatory foraging. We provide experimental confirmation of nutrient-specific compensatory foraging in a natural, free-living population of social insects by supplementing their diet with sources of protein- or carbohydrate-rich food. Colonies of the ant Iridomyrmex suchieri were provided with feeders containing food rich in either carbohydrate or protein for 6 days, and were then provided with a feeder containing the same or different diet. The patterns of recruitment were consistent with the geometric framework: while feeders with a carbohydrate diet typically attracted more workers than did feeders with protein diet, the difference in recruitment between the two nutrients was smaller if the colonies had had prior access to carbohydrate than protein. Further, fewer ants visited feeders if the colony had had prior access to protein than to carbohydrates, suggesting that the larvae play a role in worker foraging behaviour. 相似文献
105.
Liquan Zhang Zhanguo Gao Richard Armitage Martin Kent 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2008,2(2):187-197
The spectral reflectance of recently formed salt marshes at the mouth of the Yangtze River, which are undergoing invasion
by Spartina alterniflora, were assessed to determine the potential utility of remotely sensed data in assessing future invasion and changes in species
composition. Following a review of published research on remote sensing of salt marshes, 53 locations along three transects
were sampled for paired data on plant species composition and spectral reflectance using a FieldSpec™ Pro JR Field Portable
Spectroradiometer. Spectral data were processed concerning reflectance, and the averaged reflectance values for each sample
were reanalysed to correspond to a 12-waveband bandset of the Compact Airborne Spectral Imager. The spectral data were summarised
using principal components analysis (PCA) and the relationships between the vegetation composition, and the PCA axes of spectral
data were examined. The first PCA axis of the reflectance data showed a strong correlation with variability in near infrared
reflectance and ‘brightness’, while the second axis was correlated with visible reflectance and ‘greenness’. Total vegetation
cover, vegetation height, and mudflat cover were all significantly related to the first axis. The implications of this in
terms of the ability of remote sensing to distinguish the various salt marsh species and in particular the invasive species
S. alterniflora were discussed. Major differences in species with various physiognomies could be recognised but problems occurred in separating
early colonising S. alterniflora from other species at that stage. Further work using multi-seasonal hyperspectral data might assist in solving these problems. 相似文献
106.
On-going population growth and resulting domestic demand for water require rapid and effective decision-making as regards groundwater management and control of the various sources of salinization and pollution in Coastal aquifers. Sustainability of water resources for utilization by future generations must therefore be a high priority, not only for the purpose of fulfilling needs for water usage but also for bringing people into harmony with their ambient natural environment.The objective of this paper is to propose an empirical approach for prioritization of the needs involved for sustainable aquifer management. The approach involves a schematic format to:(1) develop a global understanding of an aquifer's hydrological and environmental properties in order to delineate appropriate eco-hydrological scenarios and recommend corresponding operational management activities; and(2) emphasize the importance of educating and increasing the awareness of the population involved as to the need for and viability of socially acceptable measures for sustainable management of groundwater and other resources.The psychologist Abraham Maslow utilized a pyramid to illustrate that until people's most basic needs were fulfilled, higher levels of needs would remain irrelevant. This paper postulates a comparable pyramid prioritizing hydrological needs required for progressing towards sustainable groundwater resources. Two sub-regions of Israel's Coastal aquifer in the Sharon region have been presented as representative areas, each characterized by different stress of exploitation. In assessing these sub-regions situation, specific measures have been recommended for achieving and/or maintaining sustainable groundwater resources in light of the ambient environment, and the level of the population on the pyramidal hierarchy of groundwater needs. 相似文献
107.
In this study, dry season radon flux densities and radon fluxes have been determined at the rehabilitated Nabarlek uranium mine in northern Australia using conventional charcoal canisters. Environmental background levels amounted to 31± 15 milli Becquerel per m2 per second (mBq m−2 s−1). Radon flux densities within the fenced rehabilitated mine area showed large variations with a maximum of 6500 mBq m−2 s−1 at an area south of the former pit characterised by a disequilibrium between 226Ra and 238U. Radon flux densities were also high above the areas of the former pit (mean 971 mBq m−2 s−1) and waste rock dump (mean 335 mBq m−2 s−1). The lower limit for the total pre-mining radon flux from the fenced area (140 ha) was estimated to 214 kBq s−1, post-mining radon flux amounted to 174 kBq s−1.Our study highlights that the results of radon flux studies are vitally dependant on the selection of individual survey points. We suggest the use of a randomised system for both the selection of survey points and the placement of charcoal canisters at each survey point, to avoid over estimation of radon flux densities. It is also important to emphasize the significance of having reliable pre-mining radiological data available to assess the success of rehabilitation of a uranium mine site.2006 Springer. The Australian Government's right to retain a non-exclusive, royalty free licence in and to any copyright is acknowledged. 相似文献
108.
Klaassien J. Ganzeveld Annechien van Hagen Martin H. van Agteren Wim de Koning Anton J. M. Schoot Uiterkamp 《Journal of Cleaner Production》1999,7(6):690
Two types of fermented organic waste (trade and industry waste and fruit and vegetable waste) were successfully used as a sole carbon source to produce poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) by Ralstonia eutrophus (formerly Alcaligenes eutrophus) via oxygen limitation.The production of PHBV could be optimized by optimizing the oxygen transfer through the fermentor. Thereby, a peak concentration of 1.1 g PHBV per liter cell suspension, 40 w% of cell dry weight, was obtained at an aeration rate of 0.24 mol O2/h·kg biomass. The yield of PHBV on the fatty acid concentration in the organic waste was 0.16 g polymer/g volatile organic matter. The process obtained, compares well with the commercial production process of PHBV based on glucose. 相似文献
109.
110.
Ivonne Bedei Karl-Philipp Gloning Luc Joyeux Matthias Meyer-Wittkopf Daria Willner Martin Krapp Alexander Scharf Jan Degenhardt Kai-Sven Heling Peter Kozlowski Kathrin Trautmann Kai M. Jahns Annegret Geipel Ismail Tekesin Michael Elsässer Lucas Wilhelm Ingo Gottschalk Jan-Erik Baumüller Cahit Birdir Andreas Schröer Felix Zöllner Aline Wolter Johanna Schenk Tascha Gehrke Alicia Spaeth Roland Axt-Fliedner 《黑龙江环境通报》2023,43(2):183-191