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排序方式: 共有211条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
11.
Shin Takahashi Nguyen Minh Tue Chika Takayanagi Le Huu Tuyen Go Suzuki Hidenori Matsukami Pham Hung Viet Tatsuya Kunisue Shinsuke Tanabe 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(4):1333-1341
Floor dusts from Vietnamese end-of-life vehicle (ELV)-processing households were investigated to elucidate the contamination levels and exposure risk of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and dioxin-related compounds (DRCs). The concentrations were in order of PBDEs (260–11,000, median 280 ng/g overall) > PCBs (19–2200, median 140 ng/g) > dioxin-like PCBs (8.8–450, median 22 ng/g) ? polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs, 2000–28,000, median 8500 pg/g) > polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs, 440–4100, median 1800 pg/g) > MoBPCDD/Fs (1.9–1200, median 250 pg/g). Concentrations of PCBs and DRCs were higher than those reported for Vietnamese urban houses, indicating ELV processing as a significant source of these contaminants. Higher concentrations of PCBs relative to PBDEs suggest the abundance of old electrical capacitors/transformers in ELVs. The PBDD/F and PCDD/F profiles were indicative of DecaBDE-containing materials and combustion sources, respectively. PBDFs, PCDFs and DL-PCBs were the most important dioxin-like toxic equivalent (TEQ) contributors. The estimated PCB and TEQ intake doses from dust ingestion approached or exceeded the reference doses for children living in some ELV-processing households, indicating potential health risk. More comprehensive risk assessment of the exposure to PCBs and DRCs is required for residents of informal ELV recycling sites. 相似文献
12.
Zushi Y Ye F Motegi M Nojiri K Hosono S Suzuki T Kosugi Y Yaguchi K Masunaga S 《Chemosphere》2012,88(11):1353-1357
In this study, we analyzed over 30 types of PFCs, including precursors in both the dissolved phase and particle solid phase, in 50 samples of river water collected from throughout the Tokyo Bay basin. PFCs were detected in suspended solids (SSs) at levels ranging from <0.003-4.4 ng L(-1) (0.11-2470 ng g(-1) dry weight). The concentrations of PFCs in the SS were one to two order(s) of magnitude lower than those of PFCs in the dissolved phase. Relatively high levels of PFCs (total of 35 PFCs) in SS were observed in urbanized areas. The concentration of PFCAs, including PFOA and PFNA, were significantly correlated with the geographic index as artificial area (R(2) of the linear regression curve in a double logarithmic plot: 0.09-0.55). Conversely, PFOS and FOSA were significantly correlated with the arterial traffic area (R(2) in a double logarithmic plot: 0.29-0.55). Those spatial trends were similar to the trends in dissolved PFCs. We estimated the loading amount of PFCs into Tokyo Bay from six main rivers and found that more than 90% of the total PFCs reached Tokyo Bay in the dissolved phase. However, 40.0-83.5% of the long chain PFCAs (C12-C15), were transported as particle sorbed PFCs. Rain runoff events might increase the loading amount of PFCs in SS. Overall, the results presented herein indicate that greater attention should be given to PFCs, especially for longer chain PFCs in SS in addition to dissolved PFCs. 相似文献
13.
Dietary patterns and blood levels of PCDDs, PCDFs, and dioxin-like PCBs in 1656 Japanese individuals
Arisawa K Uemura H Hiyoshi M Kitayama A Takami H Sawachika F Nishioka Y Hasegawa M Tanto M Satoh H Shima M Sumiyoshi Y Morinaga K Kodama K Suzuki T Nagai M 《Chemosphere》2011,82(5):656-662
The association between dietary patterns and blood dioxin levels has not been fully investigated. The present study population consisted of 755 men and 901 women (aged 15-73 years) living in 90 different areas of 30 prefectures of Japan. Dietary habits were assessed by inquiring about the consumption frequency of 28 foods, food groups and beverages. In addition, the blood levels of 29 polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzo-furans (PCDFs), and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyl (DL-PCBs) congeners were determined by high-resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The median total toxicity equivalent (TEQ) in the blood, which was calculated on the basis of the toxicity equivalency factors of WHO (2005), was 16 pg TEQ g−1 lipid. Principal component analysis identified five dietary patterns: Healthy diet (high intake of vegetables and fruits); Meat/High fat intake (high intake of meat, meat products, and eggs); Seafood and Alcohol (high intake of fish, shellfish, and alcoholic beverages); Miscellaneous; and Milk products and Alcohol intake (high intake of milk, Milk products, and alcoholic beverages). After adjusting for sex, age, body mass index, and smoking habits, the Seafood and Alcohol pattern scores were significantly related to higher blood levels of total TEQ and PCDDs/PCDFs/DL-PCBs, and the Milk products and Alcohol pattern scores were correlated with higher blood levels of DL-PCBs. More detailed analysis showed that the intake frequencies for alcoholic beverages and seafood were independently and positively associated with total TEQ and the TEQ of PCDFs and DL-PCBs. The association between alcoholic beverage intake and PCDDs was also significant. Analysis of dietary patterns may be useful for identifying the dietary characteristics of individuals with a high dioxin body burden. 相似文献
14.
Oikawa S Watabe T Inatomi N Isoyama N Misonoo J Suzuki C Nakahara M Nakamura R Morizono S Fujii S Hara T Kido K 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2011,102(3):302-310
A radioactivity survey was launched in 1991 to determine the background levels of 239+240Pu in the marine environment off a commercial spent nuclear fuel reprocessing plant before full operation of the facility. Particular attention was focused on the 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio in seawater and bottom sediment to identify the origins of Pu isotopes. The concentration of 239+240Pu was almost uniform in surface water, decreasing slowly over time. Conversely, the 239+240Pu concentration varied markedly in the bottom water and was dependent upon the sampling point, with higher concentrations of 239+240Pu observed in the bottom water sample at sampling points having greater depth. The 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio in the seawater and sediment samples was higher than that of global fallout Pu, and comparable with the data in the other sea area around Japan which has likely been affected by close-in fallout Pu originating from the Pacific Proving Grounds. The 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio in bottom sediment samples decreased with sea depth. The land-originated Pu is not considered as the reason of the increasing 239+240Pu concentration and also decreasing the 240Pu/239Pu atom ratio with sea depth, and further study is required to clarify it. 相似文献
15.
Satoru Fujita Kenzi Suzuki Yasuo Shibasaki Toshiaki Mori 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2002,4(1):70-76
Hydrogarnet was synthesized hydrothermally below 200°C using molten slag obtained from municipal solid waste. For comparison,
it was also synthesized using pure-phase CaO–Al2O3–SiO2–H2O, as reported previously. The structural and textural properties of this material were investigated using various analytical
and spectroscopic techniques such as X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS),
thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy.
The Cl− fixation ability of hydrogarnet was investigated in the temperature range 500–800°C in a fixed-bed flow reactor using a HCl
concentration (1000 p.p.m.v.) similar to that of incinerator exhaust gas. Under these experimental conditions, the hydrogarnet
was capable of reducing the HCl gas level to less than 1 p.p.m.v. Analysis of the spent catalyst revealed that the hydrogarnet
was being transformed into wadalite and CaCl2 at high temperatures. The elution test for chromium ions in hydrogarnet obtained from slag was also used, and it was found
that chromium ions were not eluted from hydrogarnet.
Received: January 27, 2001 / Accepted: October 11, 2001 相似文献
16.
17.
Anthropogenic radionuclides in the Japan Sea: their distributions and transport processes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ito T Aramaki T Kitamura T Otosaka S Suzuki T Togawa O Kobayashi T Senjyu T Chaykovskaya EL Karasev EV Lishavskaya TS Novichkov VP Tkalin AV Shcherbinin AF Volkov YN 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2003,68(3):249-267
The anthropogenic radionuclides, (90)Sr, (137)Cs and (239+240)Pu, were measured in the water column of the Japan Sea/East Sea during 1997-2000. The vertical profiles of radionuclide concentrations showed: exponential decrease with depth for (90)Sr and (137)Cs, and surface minimum/subsurface maximum for (239+240)Pu. These results do not differ substantially from results reported previously. The area-averaged concentrations of radionuclides in the Japan Sea are higher than those found in the Northwest Pacific Ocean below surface layer showing the accumulation of the radionuclides in the deep waters in the Japan Sea. Concerning spatial distributions, the area of high (137)Cs inventory extends from the Japan Basin into the Yamato Basin. It is suggested that wintertime convection of water, occurring mainly in the Japan Basin, causes the radionuclides to sink. The nuclides then advect into the Yamato Basin after detouring around the Yamato Rise. 相似文献
18.
Sakai Y Shoji R Kim BS Sakoda A Suzuki M 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2001,70(1-2):57-70
Among bioassays for evaluating various impacts of chemicalson humans and ecosystems, those based on culturedmammalian-cells can best predict acute lethal toxicity to humans. Weexpect them to be employed in the future in environmentalrisk management alongside mutagenicity tests and endocrine-disrupting activity tests. We recently developed adisposable bioassay device that immobilizes humanhepatocarcinoma cells in a small micropipette tip. Thisenables very quick (within 2 h) evaluation of acute lethaltoxicity to humans. For bioassay-based environmentalmanagement, 2 promising approaches have been demonstrated bythe US-EPA: toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) andtoxicity reduction evaluation (TRE). The Japanese Ministryof Environment has been supporting a multi-center validationproject, aimed at assembling a bioassay database. To makefull use of these resources, we present a numerical modelthat describes contribution of individual chemical toobserved toxicity. This will allow the selection of the mosteffective countermeasure to reduce the toxicity. Bioassay-based environmental risk management works retrospectively,whereas impact assessment using substance flow models andtoxicity databases works prospective. We expect that these 2approaches will exchange information, act complementarily,and work effectively in keeping our environment healthy inthe 21st century. 相似文献
19.
Issei Suzuki Yasuhito Igarashi Yukiko Dokiya Tasuku Akagi 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(6):858-866
Besides well-known episodic Kosa during spring, high concentrations of Ca2+ in aerosols were observed early in summer as well as in the semi-continuous data of the aerosols at the summit of Mt. Fuji. We further analysed the data to study the chemical characteristics of the high calcium event during early summer. The back trajectory analyses of the event indicated that Ca was transported from arid and semi-arid regions (e.g. the Taklamakan desert) through the westerly-dominated troposphere higher than the height of the summit of Fuji. The amount of SO42? was always equivalent to that of NH4+ unlike the case of the normal Kosa period where SO42? is in excess with respect to NH4+. This shows the ‘after’ mixing of unreacted CaCO3 of Kosa origin with (NH4)2SO4, which was only realized by the downward injection of Kosa particles from higher altitudes to the air masses of different origin. In the case of normal Kosa, the air bearing Kosa particles passed through the polluted area to absorb unneutralized acids (‘on-the-way’ mixing), whereas in the case of the Kosa-like phenomena in summer, the acids from the polluted area have been neutralized by NH4+ and become inactive before mixing with CaCO3 (“after” mixing). We have simplified the chemistry of aerosols using their three major components, Ca2+, SO42? and NH4+, and introduced a new triangle diagram with the three assumed end-members of CaCO3, CaSO4 and (NH4)2SO4 to quantify the contribution of the ‘after’ mixing to the aerosols (AMI; ‘after’ mixing index). Based on the back trajectories of some high AMI cases, CaCO3 in Kosa particles was transported through the middle troposphere (5000–7000 m) and descended to meet another air mass where SO42? had been already neutralized by NH3. 相似文献
20.