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151.
Suzuki TM Tanaka DA Tanco MA Kanesato M Yokoyama T 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2000,2(6):550-555
A polymer adsorbent in which a Zr(IV)-edta complex analogue is immobilized has been prepared and applied to the removal of oxo-anions of As(III), As(V) and Se(IV). Effective retention of these anions has been demonstrated with the proposed polymer complex system. The adsorption mechanism of oxo-anions onto the Zr(IV)-chelated polymer complex has been investigated using Zr(IV)-edta as the model compound. The formation of mixed complexes with oxo-anions has been exemplified by the isolation of the carbonato complex K2[Zr(CO3)edta].3H2O, the structure of which has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. NMR study suggests that oxo-anions that form weak or moderate conjugate acids, including those of As(III), As(V) and Se(IV), can form mixed complexes with Zr(IV)-edta using the unsaturated coordination site. However, oxo-anions of strong conjugate acids did not show any appreciable interaction with this complex. According to these observations, retention of oxo-anions on the Zr(IV)-chelated polymer complex has been interpreted by a ligand substitution reaction. The adsorption characteristics of As(III), As(V) and Se(IV) on the Zr(IV)-loaded resin have been examined with respect to the equilibrium adsorption, percentage extraction and the effect of co-existing ions. The adsorption and desorption cycles of the oxo-anions have been demonstrated using a column packed with the proposed resin without any loss of column performance, which indicates the possibility for repeated use. 相似文献
152.
Ryoko Matsumoto Shigeru Suzuki Khisigjav Tsogtbaatar Susan E. Evans 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(2):233-242
New material of the enigmatic diapsid Khurendukhosaurus is described from the Mongolian type locality, Khuren Dukh, providing additional data on the vertebral column, pelvis, and
hind limb. It confirms the choristoderan status of the genus and permits a more detailed phylogenetic analysis that supports
a relationship between Khurendukhosaurus and the long-necked Asian Hyphalosauridae. The existence of tall caudal neural spines implies that Khurendukhosaurus was a deep-tailed swimmer. This and the open sacral costocentral sutures suggest a primarily aquatic lifestyle.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Institutional abbreviations MNHN BL, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France; MPC, Mongolian Paleontological Center; PIN, Paleontologicheski
Institut, Akademii Nauk, Moscow; HMNS, Hayashibara Museum of Natural Sciences, Okayama, Japan. 相似文献
153.
Hideyuki Katsumat Syunya Koike Satoshi Kaneco Tohru Suzuki Kiyohisa Ohta 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(9):1455-1461
The decolorization of Reactive Yellow 86(RY 86),one of reactive azo dyes,was investigated in the presence of Fenton reagent under solar light irradiation.The decolorization rate was strongly influenced by pH,initial concentrations of H 2 O 2 and Fe(II),and so on.An initial concentration of 40 mg/L was decolored more than 90% after 20 min under optimum conditions.The activation energy of the solar photo-Fenton reaction was 1.50 kJ/mol for RY 86 in the temperature range of 10-60°C.In the kinetic study,the rate constant of RY 86 with OH· radicals could be estimated to be 1.7 × 10 10 L/(mol·sec).The decolorization efficiency of RY 86 under solar light irradiation was comparable to the artificial light irradiation.The decrease of TOC as a result of mineralization of RY 86 was observed during photo-Fenton process.The rate of RY 86 mineralization was about 83% under UV irradiation after 24 hr.The formation of chloride,sulfate,nitrate and ammonium ions as end-products was observed during the photocatalytic process.The decomposition of RY 86 gave two kinds of intermediate products.The degradation mechanism of RY 86 was proposed on the base of the identified intermediates. 相似文献
154.
Nitrate concentrations in 326 recent vegetables and berries sold in Niigata, located in central Japan, were investigated. Maximum nitrate concentrations of 6600 mg kg?1 were detected in samples of komatsuna (Brassica campestris var. perviridis) and mizuna (B. campestris L.). Mean concentrations ranged from 4 mg kg?1(blueberry) to 3500 mg kg?1 (mizuna). Concentrations in spinach ranged from 10 to 6000 mg kg?1 (mean 1500 mg kg?1). Nitrate intake from spinach and Japanese radish (Raphanus sativus) were estimated to be 0.7 and 0.8 mg kg?1 day?1, respectively. These values are equivalent to 19% and 23% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI). Nitrate intake at the 90th percentile was estimated to be 1.3 mg kg?1 day?1 (35% of the ADI) from spinach and 1.6 mg kg?1 day?1 (43% of the ADI) from Japanese radish. 相似文献
155.
Tatsuo Suzuki 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(3-4):249-258
A new material with high content of fly ash named ‘Ashcrete’ has been developed. to examine the applicability of Ashcrete to marine structures, strength characteristics, resistance to sea water attack, and safety in the marine environment have been studied. the following results have been obtained: 1) the strength characteristics of high-volume fly ash concrete depend upon the type and proportions of chemical activators as well as curing conditions. 2) Ashcrete using sodium chloride (NaCI) as a chemical activator shows high initial strength and good strength development with age. 3) Ashcrete containing NaCI activator shows good resistance to sea water from the viewpoint of its strength characteristics, volume changes and microstructurcs. 4) Since 1980 many types of large-scale artificial reefs made of Ashcrete have been installed in the sea. As a result of long-term studies and underwater observations, the Japanese Government has demonstrated the durability of the material, safety in the marine environment and attractiveness to fish. 5) It is therefore proposed that Ashcrete might be used in constructing large-scale sea mounts in deep water for the purpose of generating upwelling. 相似文献
156.
Katsunori Tanaka Natsuko Yoshifuji Nobuaki Tanaka Katsushige Shiraki Chatchai Tantasirin Masakazu Suzuki 《Ecological modelling》2009
A soil–plant–air continuum multilayer model was used to numerically simulate canopy net assimilation (An), evapotranspiration (ET), and soil moisture in a deciduous teak plantation in a dry tropical climate of northern Thailand to examine the influence of soil drought on An. The timings of leaf flush and the end of the canopy duration period (CDP) were also investigated from the perspective of the temporal positive carbon gain. Two numerical experiments with different seasonal patterns of leaf area index (LAI) were carried out using above-canopy hydrometeorological data as input data. The first experiment involved seasonally varying LAI estimated based on time-series of radiative transmittance through the canopy, and the second experiment applied an annually constant LAI. The first simulation captured the measured seasonal changes in soil surface moisture; the simulated transpiration agreed with seasonal changes in heat pulse velocity, corresponding to the water use of individual trees, and the simulated An became slightly negative. However, in the second simulation, An became negative in the dry season because the decline in stomatal conductance due to severe soil drought limited the assimilation, and the simultaneous increase in leaf temperature increased dark respiration. Thus, these experiments revealed that the leaflessness in the dry season is reasonable for carbon gain and emphasized the unfavorable soil water status for carbon gain in the dry season. Examining the duration of positive An (DPA) in the second simulation showed that the start of the longest DPA (LDPA) in a year approached the timing of leaf flush in the teak plantation after the spring equinox. On the other hand, the end appeared earlier than that of all CDPs. This result is consistent with the sap flow stopping earlier than the complete leaf fall, implying that the carbon assimilation period ends before the completion of defoliation. The model sensitivity analysis in the second simulation suggests that a smaller LAI and slower maximum rate of carboxylation likely extend the LDPA because soil water from the surface to rooting depth is maintained longer at levels adequate for carbon gain by decreased canopy transpiration. The experiments also suggest that lower soil hydraulic conductivity and deeper rooting depth can postpone the end of the LDPA by increasing soil water retention and the soil water capacity, respectively. 相似文献
157.
Kobayashi K Pillai KS Sakuratani Y Suzuki M Jie W 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2008,29(1):47-52
Most of the statistical techniques used to evaluate the data obtained from toxicity studies are based on the assumption that the data show a normal distribution and homogeneity of variance. Literature review on toxicity studies on laboratory animals reveals that in most of the cases homogeneity of variance alone is examined for the data obtained from these studies. But the data that show homogeneity of variance need not always show a normal distribution. In fact, most of the data derived from toxicity studies, including hematological and biochemical parameters show a non-normal distribution. On examining normality of data obtained from various toxicity studies using different normality tests, we observed that Shapiro-Wilk test is more appropriate than Kolmogorov-Smimov test, Lilliefors test, the normal probability paper analysis and Chi square test. But there are situations, especially in the long-term toxicity studies, where normality is not shown by one or more than one of the dosage groups. In this situation, we propose that the data maybe analyzed using Dunnett multiple comparison test after excluding the data of the groups that do not show normality However, the biological relevance of the excluded data has to be carefully scrutinized. We also observed that the tendency of the data to show a normal distribution seems to be related to the age of the animals. Present paper describes various tests commonly used to test normality and their power, and also emphasizes the need of subjecting the data obtained from toxicity studies to both normality and homogeneity tests. A flow chart suggesting the statistical techniques that maybe used for both the types of data showing a normal or non-normal distribution is also proposed. 相似文献
158.
墒沟埋草对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
2006年采用静态箱法观测对照(麦秆不还田)以及均匀混施和墒沟埋草2种麦秆还田方式下稻田CH4和N2O排放通量,探讨墒沟埋草对稻田CH4和N2O排放的影响.结果表明:墒沟埋草处理中,墒沟区域的CH4平均排放通量显著高于均匀混施处理(P<0.05),而N2O平均排放通量显著低于均匀混施处理(P<0.05).墒沟埋草处理的CH4季节排放总量是对照的4.07倍,而与均匀混施处理无显著差异(P>0.05).墒沟埋草处理的N2O季节排放总量是对照的70%,是均匀混施处理的3.14倍. 相似文献
159.
Shin-ichi Sakai Junya Yano Yasuhiro Hirai Misuzu Asari Ritsuki Yanagawa Takeshi Matsuda Hideto Yoshida Tetsuji Yamada Natsuko Kajiwara Go Suzuki Tatsuya Kunisue Shin Takahashi Keijiro Tomoda Joachim Wuttke Paul Mählitz Vera Susanne Rotter Mario Grosso Thomas Fruergaard Astrup Julian Cleary Gil-Jong Oh Lili Liu Jinhui Li Hwong-wen Ma Ngo Kim Chi Stephen Moore 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(4):1295-1313
Although the 2Rs (reduce and reuse) are considered high-priority approaches, there has not been enough quantitative research on effective 2R management. The purpose of this paper is to provide information obtained through the International Workshop in Kyoto, Japan, on 11–13 November 2015, which included invited experts and researchers in several countries who were in charge of 3R policies, and an additional review of 245 previous studies. It was found that, regarding policy development, the decoupling between environmental pressures and economy growth was recognized as an essential step towards a sustainable society. 3R and resource management policies, including waste prevention, will play a crucial role. Approaches using material/substance flow analyses have become sophisticated enough to describe the fate of resources and/or hazardous substances based on human activity and the environment, including the final sink. Life-cycle assessment has also been developed to evaluate waste prevention activities. Regarding target products for waste prevention, food loss is one of the waste fractions with the highest priority because its countermeasures have significant upstream and downstream effects. Persistent organic pollutants and hazardous compounds should also be taken into account in the situation where recycling activities are globally widespread for the promotion of a material-cycling society. 相似文献
160.
M. Rabiul Awual M. Amran Hossain M. A. Shenashen Tsuyoshi Yaita Shinichi Suzuki Akinori Jyo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(1):421-430
Arsenic contamination of groundwater has been called the largest mass poisoning calamity in human history and creates severe health problems. The effective adsorbents are imperative in response to the widespread removal of toxic arsenic exposure through drinking water. Evaluation of arsenic(V) removal from water by weak-base anion exchange adsorbents was studied in this paper, aiming at the determination of the effects of pH, competing anions, and feed flow rates to improvement on remediation. Two types of weak-base adsorbents were used to evaluate arsenic(V) removal efficiency both in batch and column approaches. Anion selectivity was determined by both adsorbents in batch method as equilibrium As(V) adsorption capacities. Column studies were performed in fixed-bed experiments using both adsorbent packed columns, and kinetic performance was dependent on the feed flow rate and competing anions. The weak-base adsorbents clarified that these are selective to arsenic(V) over competition of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate anions. The solution pH played an important role in arsenic(V) removal, and a higher pH can cause lower adsorption capacities. A low concentration level of arsenic(V) was also removed by these adsorbents even at a high flow rate of 250–350 h?1. Adsorbed arsenic(V) was quantitatively eluted with 1 M HCl acid and regenerated into hydrochloride form simultaneously for the next adsorption operation after rinsing with water. The weak-base anion exchange adsorbents are to be an effective means to remove arsenic(V) from drinking water. The fast adsorption rate and the excellent adsorption capacity in the neutral pH range will render this removal technique attractive in practical use in chemical industry. 相似文献