CALPUFF模型在大气环境容量测算中的应用研究

本研究利用CALPUFF空气质量扩散模式模拟了凉山州2007年气象场和s02浓度场,通过现状监测结果与模拟结果的比较评述了模型的适用性;并根据西昌市现状污染源和虚拟污染源情况,通过CALPUFF模拟建立大气污染物传递矩阵,结合线性优化模型测算了西昌市大气环境容量。     

膨润土对Cu^2＋的吸附及其它金属离子对Cu^2＋的竞争吸附

膨润土对重金属铜的吸附随铜离子浓度的增加先快迭增长而后趋于缓慢最后达成平衡。饱和吸附量为34．10mg·g^-1。Langmuir方程、Freundlich方程和Temkin方程均能拟舍实验结果,但Temkin方程拟合为最佳。pH是影响膨润土对Cu^2＋吸附的主要因素。低pH值不利于膨润土对Cu^2＋的吸附。引入竞争离子,膨润土对Cu^2＋的吸附量明显降低。Ph^2＋、Cd^2＋、Ni^2＋对Cu^2＋的吸附产生不同程度的竞争作用,其竞争力为Pb^2＋〉Cd^2＋〉Ni^2＋。在竞争离子存在的情况下,Cu^2＋的吸附依然遵守等温吸附模型。饱和吸附量从34．10mg·g^-1下降到16．93mg·g^-1（Pb^2＋）、19．21mg·g^-1（Cd^2＋）、26．08mg·g^-1（Ni^2＋）。     

金属尾矿制备生物陶粒的研究

阐述了利用江西某金属矿的尾矿、炉渣、粉煤灰制备一种多孔滤料陶粒的方法。实验结果表明：粒径5—30mm、粒子密度1．5-2．5g．／cm^3堆积密度0．65-1．3g／cm^3、比表面积7．2-13．5m^2／g、酸可溶率〈0．7％、筒压强度6．5-9．1MPa、吸水率0．1％～5％的陶粒质轻多孔,比表面积大,附着的微生物量大,孔隙率高,微生物挂膜快,老化生物膜易脱落。     

黑龙江省绿化树种的选择

本文探讨了黑龙江省绿化树种选择的原则,并对主要的绿化树种作了简要的评价.     

城市轨道交通规划环境影响评价指标体系探讨

城市轨道交通将成为我国未来公共交通建设的重点,将在很大程度上改善城市交通拥堵问题和机动车尾气对城市大气环境污染问题,并促进城市建设和推动城市的经济发展.城市轨道交通项目投资巨大,工期长,特别是其线路走向及布置对城市土地利用,发展格局及城市化进程起着重要的作用,且轨道交通对线路周围的环境会产生噪声,振动等污染影响.城市轨道交通是一个复杂的体系,且城市轨道交通规划环评指标体系尚未形成一套健全的体系,因此开展城市轨道交通环评指标体系的研究具有重大的现实意义.利用规划环境影响评价的指导思想和原则,分析了城市轨道交通规划环境影响评价指标体系的筛选方法及规划的环境影响识别,解释了指标含义;建立了城市轨道交通规划环境影响评价指标体系.     

Distribution and temporal trends of butyltins monitored by molluscs along the Chinese Bohai coast from 2002 to 2005

Thirteen areas around the Chinese Bohai coast, individuals including ten kinds of bivalves and two kinds of snails were collected during the period of 2002-2005 for the investigation of spatial distribution and temporal variations of butyltin compounds (BTs). BTs including tributyltin (TBT) and its derivates, dibutyltin (DBT) and monobutyltin (MBT) were quantified by gas chromatography/flame photometric detection after extraction and Grignard derivatization. BTs compounds were widely existed in the samples and TBT was the dominant composition, indicating recent TBT input along Bohai coast. As a whole, BTs concentration remained high during the sampling years except a slightly decreased in samples from several sites in 2005. The contamination characteristics of BTs in different sampling sites were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) method, and the species specific bioaccumulation of BTs was also identified using cluster analysis.     

Runoff variation affected by precipitation change and human activity in Hailiutu River basin,China

For recent years, runoff generation and hydrological processes in Hailiutu River basin have been greatly changed by climate change and human activity, especially water and soil conservation construction. In this study, the trends in precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET) and river runoff as well as the effects of precipitation change and human activity on runoff variation have been studied. The results showed that during 1960–2000, annual precipitation and river runoff, monthly precipitation and ET in September and October as well as monthly runoff in all months showed a significant decrease. In addition, peak flow and base flow had a large decrease. Under the joint influence of precipitation change and human activity, the mean annual runoff decreased by 35 million m³ from the baseline period (1960–1985) to the change period (1986–2000), which accounted for 60.9% and 39.1% of the total runoff decrease, respectively. Precipitation change played a primary role in the decrease of annual runoff whereas human activity, particularly water and soil conservation construction, also had remarkable impacts on runoff variation.     

基于耕作半径分析的县域农村居民点空间布局优化——以安徽省埇桥区为例

分析了安徽省埇桥区农村居民点与耕地的空间邻接特征和数量结构关系,通过“均等”和“耕聚比”的方法分别求算耕作半径并构造缓冲区,得出两种耕作压力系数的分布,对其进行比较并提出了农村居民点布局优化策略。结果表明：耕地是皖北平原地区影响农村居民点布局的主要因子,基于各乡（镇）统计的耕地与农村居民点面积存在较好的线性相关;基于“耕聚比”的计算模型较好地解决了农村居民点规模因素对耕作半径计算造成的影响;基于“耕聚比”的方法计算的耕作压力分布在评价耕地与农村居民点的分布合理性上更为实用;耕作压力系数分布对农村居民点合理布局具有一定的指导意义,布局调整中应将压力系数高的地区的拆旧和压力系数低的地区的建新相挂钩     

Function of Agricultural Land Use and Its Evolvement in Peri-urban Area: A Case Study of Beijing

Abstract

Rapid urbanization in Beijing stimulates the urban land expansion and diminishes available agricultural land. Monofunctional agricultural land use can not meet the demand of the development of the multifunctional agriculture and urbanization any more, so multifunctional agricultural land use is going to be promoted in the city. This article proposes the evolvement of the land use change from 1992 to 2004 and discusses some evolvement views.     

Application of Tradable Emission Permits in Europe

Abstract

The purpose of this study is merely to review the current situation in the designing and implementation of the emission trading programs in Europe. Historical data show that although there is a series of shortcomings in their current functioning, employing such instruments for GHG reduction policy making is strongly expected to be efficient and effective. The European Union Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) are just a few examples of the ambitious EU initiative that heavily relies on such instruments. We dwell on their operations and achievements by far and all the content in this article is expected to convince the Chinese government and regional public authorities to take positive actions and attitudes in promoting these instruments.