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211.
Douglas J. Norton James D. Wickham Timothy G. Wade Kelly Kunert John V. Thomas Paul Zeph 《Environmental management》2009,44(2):356-368
Common decision support tools and a growing body of knowledge about ecological recovery can help inform and guide large state
and federal restoration programs affecting thousands of impaired waters. Under the federal Clean Water Act (CWA), waters not
meeting state Water Quality Standards due to impairment by pollutants are placed on the CWA Section 303(d) list, scheduled
for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) development, and ultimately restored. Tens of thousands of 303(d)-listed waters, many
with completed TMDLs, represent a restoration workload of many years. State TMDL scheduling and implementation decisions influence
the choice of waters and the sequence of restoration. Strategies that compare these waters’ recovery potential could optimize
the gain of ecological resources by restoring promising sites earlier. We explored ways for states to use recovery potential
in restoration priority setting with landscape analysis methods, geographic data, and impaired waters monitoring data. From
the literature and practice we identified measurable, recovery-relevant ecological, stressor, and social context metrics and
developed a restorability screening approach adaptable to widely different environments and program goals. In this paper we
describe the indicators, the methodology, and three statewide, recovery-based targeting and prioritization projects. We also
call for refining the scientific basis for estimating recovery potential.
相似文献
Paul ZephEmail: |
212.
Nicaragua, home to the largest remaining extent of rainforest in Central America (total surface area) and to a significant indigenous population, has lost approximately half of its forest cover since 1950. This major and rapid loss of forest cover has been explained as the consequence of an eastward moving agricultural frontier that cuts through the region of Jinotega. If the current deforestation rate continues, the country could lose its remaining forest cover over the course of the next two decades; therefore, it is essential that the dynamics and relationships of land-use and land-cover change (LUCC) in this region are understood. To examine LUCC in Nicaragua over time, Landsat imagery from the southern portion of the region of Jinotega, taken in 1978, 1987, and 1999 was utilized. A remote-sensing method, supervised classification, which allows for the grouping of spectrally similar values for each year, followed by an image change detection analysis (postclassification comparison) was conducted. Groundtruthing (field validation) was conducted in 2006 to validate the data, which yielded increasing overall accuracy rates of 71.68% for 1978, 82.35% for 1987, and 84.38% for 1999. The classification and change detection results showed that if the agricultural cultivation overtook this region, it happened before 1978. Therefore, the possibility that either deforestation did not actually occur along an agricultural frontier or that it was located further east exists; this would be an interesting subject for future studies. There was, however, clear evidence of increased forest cover from 1987 to 1999 near the urban center, correlating with the enforced reforestation law in the city of Jinotega. 相似文献
213.
Among both forest practitioners and the general public, “forest health” has become an issue of contention. Whereas the debate
over which treatments will best achieve healthy forests has been framed largely by the popular media and politicians as a
struggle between industry and environmentalists, the views of the general public remain unexplored. Survey results from Oregon
and Washington residents were used to assess the relationships between respondents’ self-described environmental or economic
priorities and the following two variables: (1) acceptability of forest management practices and (2) perceived threats to
forest health. Findings indicate that active management was generally accepted by a majority of respondents regardless of
their environmental or economic orientation. Disagreement emerged, however, when the appropriateness of specific management
practices within specific forest conditions was examined. Additionally, strong evidence was found for a relationship between
self-described environmental or economic orientation and perceived threats to forest health. Those with an environmentally
oriented viewpoint tended to perceive human-caused factors as the largest threats, whereas those with an economic orientation
saw naturally occurring processes as the greatest threats. These findings suggest that the issue of contention is not active
management per se. Rather, the major divisions in the forest health debate are defined by specific contexts and circumstances,
as well as the management practices used. 相似文献
214.
215.
Charles A. Wilson David L. Nieland John W. Fleecer Antonio Todaro Ronald F. Malone Kelly A. Rusch 《Chemistry and Ecology》1998,14(3):321-340
The effects of cement consolidated phosphogypsum (PG) on marine organisms was investigated under natural conditions in four 1000 m2 estuarine ponds. Two ponds were seeded with 160 kg of PG arranged in aggregations of blocks and two ponds received similar mass of sand/cement blocks. Meiofauna were sampled quarterly and PG did not affect total meiofauna or major taxa (nematodes and copepods) density. Abundant species of copepods either were slightly increased in ponds with PG or were inconsistently affected.
All ponds were drained after one year. Three species of macroinvertebrates and 15 species of fishes were collected. Diversity indices showed modest but inconsistent variation among ponds. Only Pond 1 (control) and Pond 4 (experimental) had similar species abundances and all ponds showed unique distributions of biomasses among species. Thus, no differences in community structure attributable to the presence of PG could be detected among benthic invertebrates, natant invertebrates, or fishes. 相似文献
All ponds were drained after one year. Three species of macroinvertebrates and 15 species of fishes were collected. Diversity indices showed modest but inconsistent variation among ponds. Only Pond 1 (control) and Pond 4 (experimental) had similar species abundances and all ponds showed unique distributions of biomasses among species. Thus, no differences in community structure attributable to the presence of PG could be detected among benthic invertebrates, natant invertebrates, or fishes. 相似文献
216.
Michael J. Kelly 《生态毒理学报》2002,(4):68-70
环境管理在大型咨询公司 KPMG内部得到了强有力的支持 .在英国 , 企业的环境政策包括供应链 管理、减少能源和纸张的消耗、提高能源效率以及一系列提高员工意识的举措 .KPMG拟订内部 社会和环境报告并依据自己的经验向其他企业提供有关的咨询服务 . 相似文献
217.
218.
Kelly AG 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1995,88(2):207-217
The sediment concentrations of organic carbon, faecal sterols, individual chlorobiphenyl congeners and organochlorine pesticides have been measured in seabed cores from the sewage sludge disposal area at Garroch Head in the Firth of Clyde. The measurements confirm the accumulative nature of the site with high levels of sedimentary faecal sterols (152 mg kg(-1) coprostanol). Levels of chlorobiphenyls, DDT compounds and dieldrin in surface sediment were elevated by factors of 12, 40 and 120, respectively, over those observed at a site remote from the effects of dumping. Total chlorobiphenyl levels of 515 microg kg(-1) Arochlor 1254 in surface sediment were comparable to levels found in other areas heavily contaminated with sewage sludge. The 20-cm depth of heavily sludge-contaminated sediment overlays a mixed sludge/basal sediment layer some 10 cm in depth. Levels of organochlorine contaminants were elevated to depths of 90 cm in the sediment, suggesting that the surface layer is a source of contaminants to the deeper sediment. Within the upper 15-20 cm sediment in the disposal area, chlorobiphenyls are conservative, the variation in their concentration with respect to depth being related to historical input. Lindane and possibly dieldrin, and hexachlorobenzene are not conservative. Faecal sterols are removed in sub-surface sediment, in contrast to conservative behaviour previously found at other sewage polluted sites. 相似文献
219.
dos Santos Clécia Andrade de Souza Cruz Daiane Requião da Silva Wenes Ramos de Jesus Gleyce Kelly Santos Alessandra Ferreira da Cunha Graziele Costa Wisniewski Alberto Romão Luciane Pimenta Cruz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23929-23945
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A simple, efficient, environmentally friendly, and inexpensive synthesis route was developed to obtain a magnetic nano-hybrid (GH) based on graphene... 相似文献
220.
Kurunthachalam Senthilkumar William W. Bowerman Kelly F. Millenbah Dave A. Best Takumi Takasuga Shigeki Masunaga 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(4-6):221-232
Population collapse of common tern (Sterna hirundo) from Lime Island in the St. Mary's River, Michigan, USA were related to the 2,3,7,8-chlorine substituted dioxins, furans, dioxin-like PCBs, and other possible factors using unhatch egg target contaminant analysis. The most toxic congeners, 2,3,7,8-TCDD/DF was found in all samples at noticeable concentrations. Magnitude of sum 2,3,7,8-PCDD/DFs were within the range of 39–93?pg/g wet wt. Dioxin-like PCBs were within the range of 360–1230?ng/g wet wt. Great Toxic Equivalent Quantity (TEQ) contributions by 2,3,7,8-TCDF, 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD, and dioxin-like PCBs such as CB-77, CB-126 and CB-105 are considered greatly due to their influence of poor embryo development and consequent damage of embryos of common terns in egg injection studies. However, other organochlorines, heavy metals, and/or synergistic effects also taken in to account. On the whole, TEQs in the tern eggs were greater than the Lowest-Observable-Adverse Effect Level (LOAEL) for bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) embryos observed in British Columbia, Canada. Concentrations of dioxin-like PCBs, dioxins, furans in the St. Mary's River food chain are at levels for concern for nesting colonial waterbirds. Eventually, the possible movements of analyzed chemicals downstream from a man-made flood event are discussed. 相似文献