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51.
Shibata Hideaki Galloway James N. Leach Allison M. Cattaneo Lia R. Cattell Noll Laura Erisman Jan Willem Gu Baojing Liang Xia Hayashi Kentaro Ma Lin Dalgaard Tommy Graversgaard Morten Chen Deli Nansai Keisuke Shindo Junko Matsubae Kazuyo Oita Azusa Su Ming-Chien Mishima Shin-Ichiro Bleeker Albert 《Ambio》2017,46(2):129-142
Ambio - Nitrogen (N) management presents a sustainability dilemma: N is strongly linked to energy and food production, but excess reactive N causes environmental pollution. The N footprint is an... 相似文献
52.
53.
Effects of climate and land use changes on groundwater resources in coastal aquifers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
To estimate the freshwater loss in coastal aquifers due to salinisation, a numerical model based on the sharp interface assumption has been introduced. The developed methodology will be useful in areas where limited hydrological data are available. This model will elaborate on the changes in fresh groundwater loss with respect to climate change, land use pattern and hydrologic soil condition. The aridity index has been introduced to represent the variations in precipitation and temperature. The interesting finding is that the deforestation leads to increase groundwater recharge in arid areas, because deforestation leads to reduce evapotranspiration even though it favors runoff. The combined climate and land use scenarios show that when the aridity index is less than 60, the agricultural lands give higher groundwater recharge than other land use patterns for all hydrologic soil conditions. The calculated recharge was then used to estimate the freshwater-saltwater interface and percentage of freshwater loss due to salinity intrusion. We found that in arid areas, the fresh groundwater loss increases as the percentage of forest cover increases. The combined effects of deforestation and aridity index on fresh groundwater loss show that deforestation causes an increase in the recharge and existing fresh groundwater resource in areas having low precipitation and high temperature (arid climates). 相似文献
54.
Izumi Noguchi Kentaro Hayashi Masahide Aikawa Tsuyoshi Ohizumi Yukiya Minami Moritsugu Kitamura Akira Takahashi Hiroshi Tanimoto Kazuhide Matsuda Hiroshi Hara 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2007,7(1-3):67-75
Temporal trends of non-sea salt (nss-) sulfate and nitrate were analyzed from nationwide precipitation chemistry measurements
provided by the Ministry of the Environment (MOE) for the 1988–2002 fiscal years (April–March). The concentrations and deposition
of nss-sulfate were found to be decreasing, and those of nitrate were stable or slightly increasing at most sites. These deposition
trends were discussed from the viewpoint of emissions of SO2 and NOX during the period of interest. Because monitoring techniques have changed in the number of active sites, samplers, and analytical
methods during the operation period, the median of all annual depositions measured in Japan in a specific year was selected
as the annual representative. The contribution of specific emission sources was also calculated for 1990 on the basis of the
nss-sulfate and nitrate deposition in Japan obtained with a model simulation in which the model did not include volcanic emissions
from Mt. Oyama, Miyakejima Island, which began to erupt suddenly and violently in 2000. For nss-sulfate, the calculated deposition
agrees well with the intensity and trends of the median up to 1999. After 2000, a higher deposition than calculated in the
preceding years was evident, which is attributable to the volcanic SO2 from Mt. Oyama. For nitrate, both the calculated and observed depositions were slightly increasing; however, the calculation
was found to exceed the observation. 相似文献
55.
Akira Ohki Tsunenori Nakajima Kentaro Hayashi Haruna Taniguchi Kousei Haraguchi Hirokazu Takanashi 《毒物与环境化学》2016,98(7):778-786
Mt. Sakurajima is a volcanic island in Japan, and a big city, Kagoshima, is quite close to the active volcano. Samples of volcanic ash fall erupted from Mt. Sakurajima were collected at several locations in Kagoshima City and analyzed for Hg and other elements, including major (Mg, Al, Ca, and Fe) and trace elements (V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, As, and Pb). The concentrations of Hg varied from 6.3 to 124 ng g?1, with the amounts of ash varying from 13 to 1230 g m?2 month?1. The Hg concentrations tended to be higher when the monthly amounts of ash fall were lower; other elements did not show such a tendency. 相似文献
56.
Kentaro Hayashi Nobuhisa Koga Yosuke Yanai 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(35):5702-5707
The present study aimed to investigate the NH3 volatilization loss from field-applied compost and chemical fertilizer and evaluate the atmosphere–land exchange of NH3 and particulate NH4+ (pNH4) at an upland field with volcanic ash soil (Andosol) in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Two-step basal fertilization was conducted on the bare soil surface. First, a moderately fermented compost of cattle manure was applied by surface incorporation (mixing depth, 0–15 cm) at a rate of 117 kg N ha−1 as total nitrogen (T-N) corresponding to 9.9 kg N ha−1 as ammoniacal nitrogen (NH4–N). Twelve days later, a chemical fertilizer containing 10% (w/w) of NH4–N as a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium phosphates was applied by row placement (cover depth, 3 cm) at a rate of 100 kg N ha−1 as NH4–N. The study period was divided into the first-half, beginning after the compost application (CCM period), and the second-half, beginning after the chemical fertilizer application (CF period). The mean air concentrations of NH3 and pNH4 (1.5 m height) were 7.6 and 3.0 μg N m−3, respectively, in the CCM period; the values were 3.7 and 3.9 μg N m−3, respectively, in the CF period. The composition ratios of NH3 to the sum of NH3 and pNH4 (1.5 m height) were 72% and 49% in the CCM and CF periods, respectively. The NH3 volatilization loss from the compost was 0.8% of the applied T-N (or 9.3% of the applied NH4–N) and that from the chemical fertilizer was near zero. Excluding the period immediately after the compost application, the upland field acted as a net sink for NH3 and pNH4. 相似文献