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41.
42.
Kerstin Hartsch Andreas Weller Silvia Rosas Gunter Reppchen 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2009,96(10):1213-1220
The Nasca geoglyphs in the stone desert in southern Peru are part of our world cultural heritage. These remarkable drawings have roused the interest of scientists from different disciplines. Here we report the results of integrated geophysical, petrophysical, mineralogical, and geochemical investigations of the geoglyphs at six test sites in the stone desert around Nasca and Palpa. The geomagnetic measurements revealed clear indications of subsurface structures that differ from the visible surface geoglyphs. The high-resolution geoelectrical images show unexpected resistivity anomalies underneath the geoglyphs down to a depth of about 2 m. Remarkable structures were revealed in both vertical and lateral directions. No evidence was found of geochemical or mineralogical alterations of the natural geogenic materials (desert pavement environment versus geoglyphs). Neither salts nor other mineral materials were used by the Nasca people to alter or prepare the surfaces of geoglyphs. This supports the hypothesis that the Nasca people simply removed stone material down to the natural hard pan horizon to create the geoglyphs. 相似文献
43.
Lundstedt-Enkel K Asplund L Nylund K Bignert A Tysklind M Olsson M Orberg J 《Chemosphere》2006,65(9):1591-1599
Concentrations of organochlorines (OCs) and brominated flame-retardants (BFRs) were determined in guillemot (Uria aalge) eggs from the island of Stora Karls? in the Baltic Sea where 10 eggs/year were collected in the years 2000, 2001 and 2002. The dominating contaminant in egg was p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) with a geometric mean (GM) concentration of 18200 ng/g lipid weight (lw). The GM concentration in egg of hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) of 140 ng/glw, was significantly higher than that of polybrominated diphenyl ether (summation operatorPBDE) of 77 ng/glw. For the evaluation of the data multivariate data analysis techniques namely principal components analysis (PCA), partial least squares regression (PLS), soft independent modelling of class analogy (SIMCA classification), and PLS discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were used. We investigated whether the eggs' biological characteristics co-varied with egg concentrations of OCs and BFRs, and found e.g., significant negative correlations between egg weight and concentrations of HCB and p,p'-DDE. A PLS model with analyzed BFRs as the Y matrix and OCs as the X matrix could, with varying accuracy, calculate the concentrations of BFRs in the individual egg from their concentrations of OCs (e.g., R(2)Y of 0.89 for BDE47, and of 0.50 for HBCD). Lastly, we compared the contaminant concentrations in the eggs to those in previously analyzed pectoral muscles from adult guillemots from Stora Karls?, from the year 2000. A PLS-DA model, showed that some of the contaminants (e.g., HBCD and CB28) had significantly higher concentrations in egg than in muscle, although 7 of the 14 contaminants showed no difference in concentrations between the two matrices. 相似文献
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Lotta Johansson Kerstin Wallstrom 《Ambio-人类环境杂志》2001,30(4):277-281
从历史的角度看,斯德哥尔摩市居民人数的增长对周围湖泊和沿岸地区的水质产生了负面影响.自19世纪中叶以来,政府的治理和为改善水质所采取的措施一直在进行中.由于采样很少,而且使用了不同的参数和方法,因此很难根据首次化学和生物调查结果来评估与以后若干年相比较的19世纪的水况.但是,可以根据开始于20世纪初的浮游生物调查的结果对水质进行一次回顾性评价.在具有与整个20世纪相似温度条件的夏季对反映富营养状况的蓝藻Planktothrixagardhii的发生进行了调查.调查结果表明,从20世纪初到90年代初.在斯德哥尔摩群岛,富营养化条件可能一直占优势.20世纪的最后10年,水质似乎比l00年前要好.今天较好的水况很可能是在度水处理方面采取适当措施的结果. 相似文献
46.
Luciana Möller Fernanda Pedone Valdez Simon Allen Kerstin Bilgmann Shannon Corrigan Luciano B. Beheregaray 《Marine Biology》2011,158(1):113-126
Oceanographic processes play a significant role in shaping the genetic structure of marine populations, but it is less clear
whether they affect genetic differentiation of highly mobile vertebrates. We used microsatellite markers and mtDNA control
region sequences to investigate the spatial genetic structure of short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) in southeastern Australia, a region characterised by complex oceanographic conditions associated with the East Australian
Current (EAC). A total of 115 biopsy samples of dolphins were collected from six localities spanning approximately 1,000 km
of the New South Wales (NSW) coastline. We found evidence for contrasting genetic diversity and fine-scale genetic structure,
characterised by three genetically differentiated populations with varying levels of admixture. Spatial genetic structure
was not explained by a model of isolation by distance, instead it coincides with main patterns of oceanographic variation
along the EAC. We propose that common dolphins along the EAC may be adapted to three water masses recently characterised in
this region. 相似文献
47.
Christopher J. O'Bryan Stephen T. Garnett Julia E. Fa Ian Leiper Jose A. Rehbein Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares Micha V. Jackson Harry D. Jonas Eduardo S. Brondizio Neil D. Burgess Catherine J. Robinson Kerstin K. Zander Zsolt Molnár Oscar Venter James E. M. Watson 《Conservation biology》2021,35(3):1002-1008
Indigenous Peoples’ lands cover over one-quarter of Earth's surface, a significant proportion of which is still free from industrial-level human impacts. As a result, Indigenous Peoples and their lands are crucial for the long-term persistence of Earth's biodiversity and ecosystem services. Yet, information on species composition on these lands globally remains largely unknown. We conducted the first comprehensive analysis of terrestrial mammal composition across mapped Indigenous lands based on data on area of habitat (AOH) for 4460 mammal species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. We overlaid each species’ AOH on a current map of Indigenous lands and found that 2695 species (60% of assessed mammals) had ≥10% of their ranges on Indigenous Peoples’ lands and 1009 species (23%) had >50% of their ranges on these lands. For threatened species, 473 (47%) occurred on Indigenous lands with 26% having >50% of their habitat on these lands. We also found that 935 mammal species (131 categorized as threatened) had ≥ 10% of their range on Indigenous Peoples’ lands that had low human pressure. Our results show how important Indigenous Peoples’ lands are to the successful implementation of conservation and sustainable development agendas worldwide. 相似文献
48.
Kerstin K. Zander Stephen T. Garnett Anna Straton 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(12):2519-2528
Australia’s system of tropical rivers constitutes one of the largest and least changed drainage networks in the world. However increasing demand for water in parts of Australia, along with ongoing drought, is driving pressure to develop these rivers. This paper reports the results of a choice experiment (CE) to assess the benefits of different management strategies for three tropical rivers in northern Australia: the Daly, Mitchell and Fitzroy Rivers. The CE was carried out using a survey mailed to Australian urban populations. The results showed that 90% of Australians were willing to pay a once-off payment for the management of tropical rivers. Respondents who had visited or lived near the rivers were willing to pay more for cultural, recreational and environmental services than those who had not. Respondents classed as ‘developers’, who made up only 4% of the 684 respondents, considered a substantial income from irrigated agriculture as important. Unlike ‘environmentalists’ and ‘neutrals’, ‘developers’ were unwilling to pay for high quality recreational fishing or for having floodplains in good environmental condition. All groups, however, were willing to pay for high cultural values. 相似文献
49.
Use of wood frames from sustainable forestry instead of non-wood frames in multi-storey buildings can reduce primary energy use and carbon dioxide emissions in construction. However, construction actors might have different perceptions towards wood frames than towards steel and concrete frames. Such perceptions may influence the actors’ decision to adopt wood frames. In this study we use a web-based questionnaire to assess Swedish architects’ perceptions, attitudes and interest towards steel, concrete and wood frames in multi-storey buildings (n = 412). Results indicate that the responding architects find concrete the most suitable frame material in buildings of 3-8 storeys, mainly because of the performance of concrete with regards to the engineering aspects (e.g. stability and fire safety) that were considered important in the choice of frame material. Although wood is considered the least suitable frame material, the overall attitude towards, and interest in, using wood is positive and related to the perceived environmental benefits of wood. This may derive from an increased discussion of and information about the environmental impact of buildings. Wood may be perceived as new and innovative while not considered as adequately proven as steel and concrete with regards to engineering aspects. 相似文献
50.