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651.
Rapid growth in marine sand mining for construction and other uses poses environmental challenges to coastal nations virtually
worldwide. Yet the development of management policies, such as a system of fees imposed on operators for damage caused by
mining, has been frustrated by a lack of studies to support such measures. Adapting a Beverton-Holt bioeconomic model, this
paper attempts to contribute to the estimation of external costs to commercial fisheries due to marine mining. Using the major
mining area of Ongjin in Korea as a case study, we estimate economic losses in use value of commercial fisheries through the
time to recovery of the injured resource stocks. Present value of lost catch over a 1-year period from mining to resource
recovery is estimated at $38,851 for a single “prototype” mining site. Estimated cumulative damages due to recurring mining
for 5 and 10 years are $1.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively, at 20 mining sites. Sensitivity analyses are used to examine
the effects of alternative assumptions to assess the many sources of uncertainty. Using a form of meta-analysis, dose-response
information is used to assess the excess mortality the mining sediment plume has on eggs and larvae and, ultimately, on the
value of lost catch ($841). Also addressed is the importance of specifying the appropriate “premining” conditions against
which to assess environmental losses at the mining site. Damages estimated with premining fish populations are $23,066 higher
than is the case using postmining conditions. Overall, the illustrative results suggest the variety of complex conditions
which influence damage to fisheries from mining and which can benefit from further study to improve management guidelines.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
652.
The endogenous rhythm of oxygen consumption in juvenile spotted sea bass (Lateolabrax sp.) was measured to test the effects of sudden changes in salinity on the metabolic activity. Mean oxygen consumption rates
of this euryhaline fish decreased by 13.5 to 16.0% and 25.3 to 36.4% when they were transferred from 31.5 to 15‰ seawater
and to fresh water (0‰), respectively. The maximum rate of oxygen consumption was observed between 18:00 and 19:00 hrs local
time, 1 to 2 h before sunset, even though they were kept in constant darkness. The peaks of oxygen consumption occurred in
23.2- and 23.3-h intervals, which correspond with a circadian rhythm, as revealed by maximum entropy spectral analysis. A
markedly weakened rhythm in oxygen consumption occurred from 8 to 10 d after onset of the experiments. This study indicates
that spotted sea bass can withstand sudden drops in salinity from 31.5‰ to fresh water, and yet maintain a regular though
somewhat dampened endogenous rhythm of oxygen consumption.
Received: 16 June 1997 / Accepted: 3 February 1998 相似文献
653.
Soyoung Kim Masahiro Oguchi Aya Yoshida Atsushi Terazono 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(2):474-483
We estimated the amount of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) generated in South Korea by using the population balance model (PBM) based on a lifespan distribution analysis. This is the first study to apply PBM to estimate WEEE generation in South Korea. The lifespan distribution analysis of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) was based on the results of a questionnaire survey of 1000 households, which were analyzed with the Weibull distribution. As a result, we could estimate the domestic service lifespan and lifespan distribution shape parameter for eight selected products. Using the lifespan distribution analysis and other data, such as the shipment volume and the number of products owned by households, we estimated the amount of WEEE generated for the eight selected items from 2000 to 2020. We found that 1.2 million air conditioners, 2.5 million televisions, 1.3 million microwave ovens, 1.2 million kimchi refrigerators, 17.0 million mobile phones, 1.7 million refrigerators, 2.0 million vacuum cleaners, and 1.4 million washing machines were generated as WEEE in 2010. We also compared our WEEE estimates with the number of items collected through the official WEEE recycling program from 2003 to 2009 and found that in 2009 washing machines had the highest collection rate (28%) and air conditioners had the lowest rate (7%). 相似文献
654.
Kim Ha-Seog Kim Byoungil Kim Kee-Seog Kim Jin-Man 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2017,19(2):968-976
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study was conducted with the aim to chemically remove the cement paste attached to the aggregate surface using acidic substances. Sulfuric and... 相似文献
655.
Wonkyeong Kang Ik-hyeon Kim Tae-jin Lee Ki-yeon Kim Daekeun Kim 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(6):1006-1011
Swine manure was subjected to laboratory scale composting in order to quantify bioaerosols, i.e., airborne culturable bacteria and endotoxin, in the exhaust gas, which provided details on the effect of temperature on bacterial emissions. The concentration of airborne bacteria reached 31,250 colony-forming units (CFU)/m3 during the thermophilic stage of composting, and positively correlated with the temperature profile of the compost pile. Initially, the endotoxin concentration was 1820 endotoxin units (EU)/m3, but it decreased exponentially as the composting process proceeded. The temperature can be an excellent indicator of bacterial emissions during the composting process, indicating that the composting process requires a consistently high temperature to ensure sanitization of both compost and bacterial emissions. The cumulative emission data showed that emission factors was 11.2?13.5 CFU/g dry swine manure and that of endotoxin was 0.5?0.9 EU/g dry swine manure. The bacterial diversity in the bioaerosol was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, revealing the presence of various gram-negative bacterial consortia. 相似文献
656.
Effect of bioavailable arsenic fractions on the collembolan community in an old abandoned mine waste
Lee Yun-Sik Kim Min-Suk Wee June Min Hyun-Gi Kim Jeong-Gyu Cho Kijong 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2021,43(10):3953-3966
Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Mine waste from abandoned mines poses a risk to soil ecosystems due to the dispersion of arsenic (As) in the mine waste to the nearby soil environment.... 相似文献
657.
658.
In this study, the distribution of airborne manganese (Mn) bound with particulate matters (PM) was investigated using data sets collected from 15 major cities in Korea over a 16-year time span (1991–2006). The mean Mn concentration measured from all the major cities in Korea throughout the entire study period was 71 ng m?3, while the annual mean values of different cities ranged from 10.5 ng m?3 in Yeosu (2003) to 615 ng m?3 in Wonju (2006). The Mn levels were considerably larger in industrialized areas than in other land-use types. The Mn concentrations in the major industrial cities of Pohang, Incheon, and Ansan averaged 255, 98.2, and 84.6 ng m?3, respectively; these values were far higher than those measured typically at most cities, e.g., 20–60 ng m?3. Seasonal patterns characterized by the peak occurrence in spring and the noticeable drop in summer reflected the effects of the massive PM inflow from China (spring) and effective washout by summer monsoon in East Asia, respectively. Examination of Mn data over a long-term period indicated that the temporal trends of Mn seen in most cities were fairly constant through time since the 1990s, although some abnormalities were observed in cities of strong man-made activities (e.g., Pohang and Wonju). In light of the severity of airborne Mn pollution in many urban areas, it is desirable to establish an abatement strategy that can help effectively reduce Mn levels. 相似文献
659.
Shishir Kumar Behera Jun Mo Park Kyeong Ho Kim Hung-Suck Park 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2010,30(8-9):1502-1508
Due to the prohibition of food waste landfilling in Korea from 2005 and the subsequent ban on the marine disposal of organic sludge, including leachate generated from food waste recycling facilities from 2012, it is urgent to develop an innovative and sustainable disposal strategy that is eco-friendly, yet economically beneficial. In this study, methane production from food waste leachate (FWL) in landfill sites with landfill gas recovery facilities was evaluated in simulated landfill reactors (lysimeters) for a period of 90 d with four different inoculum–substrate ratios (ISRs) on volatile solid (VS) basis. Simultaneous biochemical methane potential batch experiments were also conducted at the same ISRs for 30 d to compare CH4 yield obtained from lysimeter studies. Under the experimental conditions, a maximum CH4 yield of 0.272 and 0.294 L/g VS was obtained in the batch and lysimeter studies, respectively, at ISR of 1:1. The biodegradability of FWL in batch and lysimeter experiments at ISR of 1:1 was 64% and 69%, respectively. The calculated data using the modified Gompertz equation for the cumulative CH4 production showed good agreement with the experimental result obtained from lysimeter study. Based on the results obtained from this study, field-scale pilot test is required to re-evaluate the existing sanitary landfills with efficient leachate collection and gas recovery facilities as engineered bioreactors to treat non-hazardous liquid organic wastes for energy recovery with optimum utilization of facilities. 相似文献
660.
Shu Ling Zhang Zhen Xiang Xin Zhen Xiu Zhang Jin Kuk Kim 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2009,29(5):1480-1485
The aim of this research was to recycle waste rubber tires by using powdering technology and treating the waste rubber tire powder with bitumen. It has been proven that the elongation at break, thermal stability and processing flowability of composites of polypropylene (PP), waste rubber tire powder (WRT) and bitumen composites are better than those of PP/WRT composite. A comparative study has been made to evaluate the influence of bitumen content and different compatibilizers on the properties of PP/WRT/bitumen composites, using a universal testing machine (UTM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and a capillary rheometer. The results suggested that the properties of PP/WRT/bitumen composites were dependent on the bitumen content and the kind of compatibilizer used. 相似文献