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51.
Koji Inoue Hiroshi Okano Yukihiko Yamagat Katsunori Muraok Yasutake Teraoka 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(1):139-144
The adsorption/plasma decomposition with the combination of adsorption honeycomb-sheets and a plasma element is a new
technology for small-sized apparatuses to decompose volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at concentrations lower than about 100 ppm.
The feasibility of the prototype adsorption/plasma decomposition apparatus was evaluated with the simulated exhausts containing one
VOC component and with real exhausts from a painting booth and an adhesion factory. The apparatus decomposed VOCs e ectively at
the painting booth exhaust but not always satisfactorily at the adhesion factory exhaust. The performance test results with real exhausts
were discussed with respect to the concentration and discharge pattern of the exhausts and the basic properties of the system such as
cooperation of adsorption and plasma reaction and the concentration dependence of the performance. 相似文献
52.
Koji Tokimatsu Rintaro Yamaguchi Masayuki Sato Rieko Yasuoka Masahiro Nishio Kazuhiro Ueta 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2011,13(4):703-725
Theoretical and empirical studies have been conducted on the genuine saving (GS) based on neoclassical economic theory to
assess sustainable development (SD). However, only market prices and statistical national accounts have been used in empirical
studies due to limited data availability. The data availability limits to measure GS only in the past and current, causing a wide gap with theoretical results. In this paper, we propose computing GS using an integrated assessment model
(IAM) as connected to the mainframe model of macroeconomy. This enables us to use shadow prices, rather than market prices,
obtained through an IAM, which ensures substantial consistency among variables. An example would be endogenous capital–output
ratio and the rate of TFP. Also, our indicator of GS is more comprehensive in that they now account for various resources,
environmental degradation, and land use. Our simulation results, with a particular focus on GS with population change (GSn)
and with technological change as well (GSnt), show a sustainable future for up to the end of the century thanks to declining
population in the latter half of the century and technological progress, although GS without accounting for population and
technology tend to be negative, driven by, among others, capital depreciation and net primary productivity degraded by land
use. 相似文献
53.
We developed a novel polymer type sulfoxide-modified solid phase enabling to achieve selective separation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from insulation oil. In this study, firstly we prepared base-polymer based on the concept of the molecular imprinting to capture PCBs in selectively, then, the sulfoxide groups were modified on the pore surface of base-polymers by changing preparation methods. As results of liquid chromatographic analyses for the polymers as columns, the base-polymer prepared by xylene as a porogenic solvent showed selective retention ability for chlorinated aromatic compounds by the porogen imprinting effect. Additionally, the polymer-type sulfoxide solid phases showed highly retention ability for PCBs by increasing amount of introduced sulfoxide groups. Consequently, the results of separation of PCBs comparing to insulation oil suggested that the prepared solid phase can be used for the selective separation of PCBs at the same level as a commercially available media utilized for the regulated method. 相似文献
54.
Björn E. Berglund Junko Kitagawa Per Lagerås Koji Nakamura Naoko Sasaki Yoshinori Yasuda 《Ambio》2014,43(5):559-578
Traditional, pre-industrial farming was adapted to the natural environment—topography, geology, hydrology, climate, and biota. Traditional land use systems are still to be traced in Scandinavia as an “infield/outland landscape”, and in Japan as a “Satoyama landscape.” There are obvious similarities and differences in land use—the main difference being that pasturing of cattle and sheep has been less important in Japan. These land use systems can be traced back to early sedentary settlements 1500–2500 years ago. In both regions, traditional management almost ceased in the mid-twentieth century leading to afforestation and decreased biological diversity. Today, there is in Japan a growing movement for landscape restoration and promotion of a sustainable living countryside based on local agrarian and forestry production, local energy, tourism, etc. With this background, the so-called Satoyama Initiative has been organized and introduced as a global socio-ecological project with ecosystem services for human well-being. 相似文献
55.
Yuri Sekimoto Tomoki Okiharu Haruka Nakajima Toshihiro Fujii Koji Shirai Hiroshi Moriwaki 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(9):6531-6538
The aim of this study is to investigate the use of keratin colloidal solution, which was obtained from wool, for the removal of Pb(II) from water. The addition of keratin colloidal solution (15 g L?1, 0.30 mL) to a Pb(II) solution (1.0 mM, 0.90 mL, pH 5.0) resulted in the formation and precipitation of a Pb–keratin aggregate. Measurement of the Pb(II) and protein concentrations in the supernatant solution revealed that 88 and 99 % of the Pb(II) and keratin protein were removed from the solution, respectively. The maximum Pb(II) uptake capacity of keratin in the colloidal solution was 43.3 mg g?1. In addition, the Pb–keratin aggregate was easily decomposed via the addition of nitric acid, which enabled the recovery of Pb(II). However, aggregation did not occur in solutions with Pb(II) concentrations below 0.10 mM. Therefore, we used a keratin colloidal solution encapsulated in a dialysis cellulose tube to remove Pb(II) from 0.10 mM solutions, which enabled the removal of 95 % of the Pb(II). From these results, we conclude that keratin colloidal solution is useful for the treatment of water polluted with Pb(II). 相似文献
56.
Koji Tokimatsu Rieko Yasuoka Masahiro Nishio Kazuhiro Ueta 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2014,16(3):723-745
This paper has developed a method for forecasting the future paths of genuine savings (GS) with and without carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions constraints. GS calculations require shadow prices, which can be endogenously determined for variables and constraints in a model. However, in case of a ‘business as usual’ model (BAU), the shadow prices required for calculating GS without constraints show theoretically zero. This research derives the shadow prices required to measure GS for the BAU case as a function of several variables available in the optimal (economically efficient) case. This function is estimated from endogenously obtained variables from a model with environmental constraints. Subsequently, this function is used to calculate shadow prices with and without CO2 constraints, which are further employed to compute future paths of GS according to two methods applied in the papers by Arrow et al. We successfully estimated GS (or GSnt; GS with changes in population and technology) under the BAU case, however, suggest that GS (or GSnt) measures depend, to a great extent, on the time span under consideration (truncation year) for wealth accounting and the accounting methods by Arrows’ papers used for its estimation. In some cases, especially according to the methodology used by Arrow’s paper in 2004 using adjusted consumption in wealth accounting, the sign of GS (or GSnt) changes from negative to positive when changes in total factor productivity are taken into consideration. These aspects should be explored before measuring (un)sustainability of a particular path based on the GS (or GSnt) indicator. 相似文献
57.
Transformation of diphenylarsinic acid in agricultural soils 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We investigated the transformation and fate of diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA) during incubation in two types of soils (Entisol and Andisol) under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Under anaerobic conditions only, DPAA was transformed into methyldiphenylarsine oxide by methylation. Under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions, DPAA was degraded to phenylarsonic acid by dephenylation, and phenylarsonic acid was subsequently methylated to form methylphenylarsinic acid and dimethylphenylarsine oxide. The degradation of DPAA in the Andisol was less extensive than in the Entisol. In autoclaved soil under anaerobic conditions, DPAA underwent little degradation during the 24-wk incubation. In unautoclaved soils, the concentration of DPAA in soil clearly decreased after 24 wk of incubation, indicating that DPAA degradation was driven by microbial activity. 相似文献
58.
Bhowmik Arpita Koji Ishimura Kohei Nakamura Kazuhiro Takamizawa 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2013,15(3):335-341
This study investigated the effects of hygiene indicator bacteria during the biostimulation of groundwater contaminated with chlorinated ethene. We showed the state of dechlorination activity and behavior of microbial structure by the addition of Escherichia coli (E. coli) as hygiene indicator bacteria in a contaminated groundwater sample. Dechlorination of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) within 14 days took place similarly both with and without the addition of E. coli. This indicated that inhibition of against dechlorinating activity of corresponding dechlorinating bacteria was not caused by E. coli. Structural change of the bacterial community was analyzed both before and after dechlorination using a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and clone library. The result of DGGE detected E. coli only at day 0. A sample at day 14 after dechlorination detected Pseudomonas putida, Anaerosinus glycerini, and Clostridium genus but not E. coli. The result of the clone library also showed an identical profile. Detection of E. coli using desoxycholate media was decreased from 2.3 × 106 cells/ml to 6.0 × 103 cells/ml during day 14. These results suggest that biostimulation of groundwater contaminated by chlorinated ethene in the presence of hygiene bacteria caused the dechlorination without activity inhibition and decrease of dechlorinating bacteria. 相似文献
59.
Scenario study for a regional low-carbon society 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Japan should undertake drastic greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions by the middle of this century in order to mitigate
climate change problems. Municipalities should design and execute scenarios toward a low-carbon society suited to their respective
regions. This study describes long-term future visions developed for Shiga Prefecture targeting CO2 emission reductions of 30–50% by 2030, and presents scenarios to attain these targets, which are achievable with mild economic
growth. For targets over a 30% reduction, region-specific measures including land-use reform and citizen behavioral changes
are necessary. Compared with other regions in Japan, Shiga should give priority to a modal shift in transport, efficiency
improvements in industry, and photovoltaic energy generation. 相似文献
60.
Koji Seike 《Marine Biology》2008,153(6):1199-1206
The distribution of the opheliid polychate Euzonus sp. and the orientation of its feeding traces were examined in a wave-dominated Pacific sandy beach of central Japan by periodical
sampling from June to December 2006. This species occurred constantly within sediments at mid-intertidal level, although its
horizontal distributions were variable depending on changes of the beach profiles. These facts indicate that Euzonus sp. moved horizontally seaward or landward within the substratum in response to the shifting beach face due to changes of
wave conditions from the ocean. By analysing the orientation of feeding traces, the adaptive burrowing behaviour of this species
in response to beach topographical changes was revealed: Euzonus worms burrowed horizontally to various directions in a relatively stable condition of beach topography, whereas they moved
preferentially landward under a heavy erosion of the beach face by a storm. These findings indicate that the burrowing behaviour
prevents Euzonus sp. from excessive burial and washing out due to the beach morphodynamics. 相似文献