UV-H2O2工艺对饮用水中 DMP的去除效果和影响因素

采用UV-H2O2工艺对饮用水中内分泌干扰物邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的去除进行研究,结果表明,单独的UV或H2O2都不能有效氧化去除DMP;而UV-H2O2联用工艺对饮用水中DMP具有很好的去除效果.在原水DMP浓度为5.1496×10-3mmol·l-1(1.0mg·l-1)左右,UV光强133.9μW·cm-2,H2O2投加量20mg·l-1和反应时间60min条件下,DMP的去除率可达到97.8%.探讨了反应速率常数随影响因素变化的规律,其中H2O2浓度、pH值、DMP初始浓度和本底TOC值对该工艺去除DMP的影响较大.     

基于强度理论及虚拟仿真相结合的行星减速机构可靠性分析

基于破煤理论建立了采煤机的力学模型,采用ADAMS建立采煤机刚柔耦合模型,并解决了边界条件添加、接触法向力提取等技术问题,分析了行星轴、架的可靠性;基于行星减速机构强度校核基本原理,开发了行星齿轮强度校核软件,以虚拟仿真中的动态接触法向力为输入,对某公司两种行星减速机构设计方案中各齿轮的接触应力和弯曲应力进行研究。该方法解决了传统分析中齿轮受力无法确定以及采用有限元软件无法求解齿根弯曲应力、求解接触应力时间过长的不足。结果表明:二级行星减速机构采用4行星轮结构要优于采用3行星轮方案,传动更稳定、可靠。     

基于模糊故障树的海洋立管破坏失效风险分析

针对海洋立管破坏失效事故资料不完备及发生概率缺乏精确值的现状,提出了基于模糊故障树的海洋立管破坏失效风险分析方法。通过对现有的海洋立管破坏失效事故原因的统计分析,建立了以"海洋立管破坏失效"为顶事件的故障树。在对故障树进行定性分析的基础上,得到了引起海洋立管破坏失效的105个各阶最小割集,确定了海洋立管发生破坏失效的主要模式。采用专家判断法与模糊集理论结合的方法对故障树进行了定量分析,评估了故障树底事件的发生概率,并计算了故障树顶事件的发生概率。通过模糊故障树分析得到了海洋立管系统的薄弱环节,从而可以对其采取有效措施,以降低事故发生概率及提高系统可靠性。     

污泥回流对流化床生物膜—A/O活性污泥耦合工艺的影响研究

设计一套流化床生物膜(MBBR)—A/O活性污泥耦合装置处理城镇污水,考察了污泥回流对耦合工艺处理效率的影响,研究了系统中生物膜相和悬浮相微生物在有机物降解和脱氮反应中的活性差异。实验结果表明,当系统进水COD在200~400mg/L,进水氨氮在8.0~32.0mg/L,污泥回流比为1/8时,水力停留时间为12.4h,系统COD去除率平均值达81.4%,TN去除率平均值达70.6%,系统对较难降解城镇污水的处理具有明显的技术优势。污泥回流降低了生物膜相微生物的活性,而提高了悬浮相微生物活性,但生物膜相微生物活性速率仍高于悬浮相微生物活性。与传统活性污泥工艺相比,MBBR—A/O活性污泥耦合工艺将高活性生物膜引入,使悬浮污泥浓度极大降低,有助于减少污泥回流能耗与处理成本,具有明显应用价值。     

火电厂SCR法脱硝催化剂的几个重要指标介绍

以某1000MW机组SCR系统所采用催化剂指标为实例,介绍了火电厂SCR法脱硝中催化剂的作用、成分与种类,重点介绍了催化剂一些重要的物理、化学和性能指标,以及它们对催化剂活性和系统运行的影响。有助于技术人员了解催化剂的关键指标,为催化剂评标、验收以及失效评估工作提供参考。     

TiO2光催化降解水中内分泌干扰物17β-雌二醇

以低压汞灯为光源,采用间歇式光氧化反应器,研究了17β-雌二醇(E2)在纳米TiO2(Degussa P-25)悬浆体系中的光催化降解.考察了溶液pH、E2初始浓度、TiO2光催化剂投加量、UV光强、H2O2、O2对E2光催化降解的影响.结果表明,TiO2光催化工艺可以有效地去除水中的E2,E2的光降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型;TiO2投加量为200 mg/L时,在14 W低压汞灯照射下,初始浓度为400 μg/L的E2在自来水中的光降解一级反应速率常数为0.018 min-1,E2的光催化降解速率常数与其初始浓度、TiO2光催化剂的用量、溶液的pH值、UV光强等因素有关;外加H2O2、O2可以影响催化剂的光降解效率.     

Positive Feedback Loop between Introductions of Non‐Native Marine Species and Cultivation of Oysters in Europe

With globalization, agriculture and aquaculture activities are increasingly affected by diseases that are spread through movement of crops and stock. Such movements are also associated with the introduction of non‐native species via hitchhiking individual organisms. The oyster industry, one of the most important forms of marine aquaculture, embodies these issues. In Europe disease outbreaks affecting cultivated populations of the naturalized oyster Crassostrea gigas caused a major disruption of production in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Mitigation procedures involved massive imports of stock from the species’ native range in the northwestern Pacific from 1971 to 1977. We assessed the role stock imports played in the introduction of non‐native marine species (including pathogens) from the northwestern Pacific to Europe through a methodological and critical appraisal of record data. The discovery rate of non‐native species (a proxy for the introduction rate) from 1966 to 2012 suggests a continuous vector activity over the entire period. Disease outbreaks that have been affecting oyster production since 2008 may be a result of imports from the northwestern Pacific, and such imports are again being considered as an answer to the crisis. Although successful as a remedy in the short and medium terms, such translocations may bring new diseases that may trigger yet more imports (self‐reinforcing or positive feedback loop) and lead to the introduction of more hitchhikers. Although there is a legal framework to prevent or reduce these introductions, existing procedures should be improved. Ciclo de Retroalimentación Positiva entre la Introducción de Especies Marinas No‐Nativas y el Cultivo de Ostras en Europa     

Sex-ratio variation in Soay sheep

We studied the effects of ecological variables on the birth sex ratio of Soay sheep (Ovis aries) lambs on the island of Hirta, in the St Kilda archipelago, Scotland. Both individual- and population-level models were constructed. In the individual-based model, only population size was significantly associated with the sex of a lamb, with the probability of giving birth to a male lamb being positively associated with population size. However, this model explained a very small proportion of the variance in birth sex ratio. A multiple regression analysis of the annual population birth sex ratio also showed a slight increase in the proportion of males born in years following high autumn population density, but this result was not statistically significant. Population growth rate, Julian birthday, litter size, mother's age and weight, and the weather conditions during the gestation and neonatal period did not explain significant variation in the birth sex ratio.     

UV、H2O2、O3及其联用工艺对水中DMP的去除效果和降解机理分析

采用UV、H2O2、O3及其联用工艺对自来水本底条件下邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的去除效果、特性及降解机理进行了对比和分析.采用单独的UV光照射不能有效去除DMP;而UV-H2O2联用工艺对DMP具有良好的去除效果.在DMP初始浓度约为1.0 mg·L-1,UV光强为133.9μW·cm-2,H2O2投加量为20 mg·L-1的条件下,30 min后DMP的去除效果可以达到73.08%,在降解过程中,监测到DMP氧化产物;当DMP初始浓度约为1.0 mg·L-1,O3投加量为3 mg·L-1时,单独O3氧化DMP的去除率为55.81%;UV-O3联用工艺对DMP的去除效果略优于单独O3氧化,去除效果提高了10%左右.单独O3和UV-O3氧化在初始氧化阶段可形成不同于UV-H2O2工艺的降解产物;UV-H2O2-O3联用工艺能高效氧化水中DMP,O3的投加不但极大的增强了UV-H2O2工艺的氧化性能,同时抑制了UV+H2O2降解过程中DMP氧化产物的生成,并使生成的产物快速降解.几种氧化工艺对DMP去除效果顺序依次为UV＜O3＜UV-O3＜UV-H2O2＜UV-H2O2-O3.     

CWPO中催化剂的应用研究现状及趋势

催化湿式过氧化氢氧化技术，是一种专门针对高浓度难降解有机废水的处理技术。对该技术中使用的催化剂进行了分类评述，并详细讨论了非均相催化剂的研究状况，展望了其今后的发展方向。