基于强度理论及虚拟仿真相结合的行星减速机构可靠性分析

基于破煤理论建立了采煤机的力学模型,采用ADAMS建立采煤机刚柔耦合模型,并解决了边界条件添加、接触法向力提取等技术问题,分析了行星轴、架的可靠性;基于行星减速机构强度校核基本原理,开发了行星齿轮强度校核软件,以虚拟仿真中的动态接触法向力为输入,对某公司两种行星减速机构设计方案中各齿轮的接触应力和弯曲应力进行研究。该方法解决了传统分析中齿轮受力无法确定以及采用有限元软件无法求解齿根弯曲应力、求解接触应力时间过长的不足。结果表明:二级行星减速机构采用4行星轮结构要优于采用3行星轮方案,传动更稳定、可靠。     

UV-H2O2工艺对饮用水中 DMP的去除效果和影响因素

采用UV-H2O2工艺对饮用水中内分泌干扰物邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的去除进行研究,结果表明,单独的UV或H2O2都不能有效氧化去除DMP;而UV-H2O2联用工艺对饮用水中DMP具有很好的去除效果.在原水DMP浓度为5.1496×10-3mmol·l-1(1.0mg·l-1)左右,UV光强133.9μW·cm-2,H2O2投加量20mg·l-1和反应时间60min条件下,DMP的去除率可达到97.8%.探讨了反应速率常数随影响因素变化的规律,其中H2O2浓度、pH值、DMP初始浓度和本底TOC值对该工艺去除DMP的影响较大.     

TiO2光催化降解水中内分泌干扰物17β-雌二醇

以低压汞灯为光源,采用间歇式光氧化反应器,研究了17β-雌二醇(E2)在纳米TiO2(Degussa P-25)悬浆体系中的光催化降解.考察了溶液pH、E2初始浓度、TiO2光催化剂投加量、UV光强、H2O2、O2对E2光催化降解的影响.结果表明,TiO2光催化工艺可以有效地去除水中的E2,E2的光降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型;TiO2投加量为200 mg/L时,在14 W低压汞灯照射下,初始浓度为400 μg/L的E2在自来水中的光降解一级反应速率常数为0.018 min-1,E2的光催化降解速率常数与其初始浓度、TiO2光催化剂的用量、溶液的pH值、UV光强等因素有关;外加H2O2、O2可以影响催化剂的光降解效率.     

热处理重组质粒DNA的复性及其在水环境中的降解特性

为了考察热处理后的重组DNA进入水环境后可能存在的环境风险,以pET-28b质粒为材料,以质粒相对转化效率为指标,考察了热变性重组质粒DNA的复性可能性,并在此基础上构建了人工模拟水环境系统,研究了热变性质粒DNA在水环境中的降解速率和影响因素.结果表明,热变性pET-28b质粒经过30min后,其转移活性可以得到恢复,在4～37℃之间,温度越高越有利于热变性质粒的复性.热处理过程中未被降解的质粒DNA进入水环境后,在pH值为7、8时降解速率相对较慢,在pH值为5、6、9的条件下,降解较快,但在任何pH下,1.0h后仍存在未降解的质粒DNA.水环境中的NaCl对热处理质粒DNA有一定的保护作用,而且这种作用是随着NaCl质量分数的提高而增强.进入水环境中的热变性DNA有足够的时间复性,从而可能发生基因转移.因此,这些热处理的质粒DNA进入环境后理论上存在一定的生态风险.     

微波辐射香草醛交联壳聚糖对镉(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

采用微波辐射技术合成了香草醛交联壳聚糖(V-CTS)希夫碱,用红外光谱和扫描电镜对产物结构进行了表征,研究了该吸附剂对镉离子的吸附性能。结果表明,香草醛改性壳聚糖粒径约在5~40μm之间,吸附剂对镉离子的的吸附条件是:pH为6.0,100 mg/LCd2+溶液50 mL,吸附剂投加量为0.02 g,吸附震荡时间5 h,温度20℃,吸附量为39.7 mg/g。与水浴法制备的吸附剂以及其他壳聚糖改性产品相比,该吸附剂的吸附量大大提高,且操作方法简单,工艺条件易于控制。     

崇明东滩湿地土壤养分的分布特征及其环境效应

通过研究崇明东滩不同类型天然湿地土壤在不同潮间的有机质(OM)、全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)的含量与分布,进而分析不同类型滨海湿地土壤作为营养盐氮、磷汇与碳沉积的环境效应。结果表明,芦苇型沙质湿地土壤中有机质、全氮、全磷的平均值分别为1.36%、0.1%、0.03%,而芦苇/米草混合型黏质土壤中分别为2.41%、0.27%、0.07%。随着高程的增加(从光滩向高潮滩过渡),芦苇(Phragmitescommunis)型沙质湿地土壤与芦苇/米草(Phragmites communis/Spartina alterniflora)混合型黏质土壤中有机质、全氮含量平稳上升,但全磷变化并不显著。这表明芦苇/互花米草混合型黏质湿地土壤对造成沿海水域富营养化的氮、磷营养盐以及引起全球气候变化的碳排放具有更好的汇聚效应,同时高潮滩的汇聚功能总体较光滩为高。     

Positive Feedback Loop between Introductions of Non‐Native Marine Species and Cultivation of Oysters in Europe

With globalization, agriculture and aquaculture activities are increasingly affected by diseases that are spread through movement of crops and stock. Such movements are also associated with the introduction of non‐native species via hitchhiking individual organisms. The oyster industry, one of the most important forms of marine aquaculture, embodies these issues. In Europe disease outbreaks affecting cultivated populations of the naturalized oyster Crassostrea gigas caused a major disruption of production in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Mitigation procedures involved massive imports of stock from the species’ native range in the northwestern Pacific from 1971 to 1977. We assessed the role stock imports played in the introduction of non‐native marine species (including pathogens) from the northwestern Pacific to Europe through a methodological and critical appraisal of record data. The discovery rate of non‐native species (a proxy for the introduction rate) from 1966 to 2012 suggests a continuous vector activity over the entire period. Disease outbreaks that have been affecting oyster production since 2008 may be a result of imports from the northwestern Pacific, and such imports are again being considered as an answer to the crisis. Although successful as a remedy in the short and medium terms, such translocations may bring new diseases that may trigger yet more imports (self‐reinforcing or positive feedback loop) and lead to the introduction of more hitchhikers. Although there is a legal framework to prevent or reduce these introductions, existing procedures should be improved. Ciclo de Retroalimentación Positiva entre la Introducción de Especies Marinas No‐Nativas y el Cultivo de Ostras en Europa     

Sex-ratio variation in Soay sheep

We studied the effects of ecological variables on the birth sex ratio of Soay sheep (Ovis aries) lambs on the island of Hirta, in the St Kilda archipelago, Scotland. Both individual- and population-level models were constructed. In the individual-based model, only population size was significantly associated with the sex of a lamb, with the probability of giving birth to a male lamb being positively associated with population size. However, this model explained a very small proportion of the variance in birth sex ratio. A multiple regression analysis of the annual population birth sex ratio also showed a slight increase in the proportion of males born in years following high autumn population density, but this result was not statistically significant. Population growth rate, Julian birthday, litter size, mother's age and weight, and the weather conditions during the gestation and neonatal period did not explain significant variation in the birth sex ratio.     

CWPO中催化剂的应用研究现状及趋势

催化湿式过氧化氢氧化技术，是一种专门针对高浓度难降解有机废水的处理技术。对该技术中使用的催化剂进行了分类评述，并详细讨论了非均相催化剂的研究状况，展望了其今后的发展方向。     

太湖水体散射特性及其与悬浮物浓度关系模型

水体散射特性与水环境参数如悬浮颗粒及其浓度密切相关.利用Wetlabs公司研制的水体固有光学特性测量系统,于2006-10～2006-11对太湖水体的散射系数和后向散射系数进行了测量.在对水体散射特性分析的基础上,建立了太湖水体颗粒物后向散射系数的光谱模型.此外,利用后向散射率计算水体折射系数,根据折射系数的变化范围,将水中颗粒物的主导因子分为3种类型：①浮游植物主导;②无机颗粒物主导;③两者共同主导.在对散射系数与无机悬浮物、有机悬浮物、总悬浮物浓度相关性分析的基础上,针对颗粒物主导因子的不同,分别建立了散射系数与无机悬浮物浓度的乘幂关系模型.