大气污染物影响因素的灰色关联分析

运用灰色系统理论，对产生和影响城市大气主要污染物的相关因素，利用灰色关联分析方法进行了量化分析研究，根据研究结果，提出了控制大气污染的防治对策．     

用蚕豆叶尖微核技术筛选对环境污染物敏感品种

为了筛选蚕豆叶尖微核监测技术敏感材料,以二甲苯为污染物,对甘肃产的10个蚕豆品种进行了测试。结果表明,蚕引8号微核出现率与二甲苯诱变剂浓度成正比,平均微核率差异极显著,是监测评价二甲苯污染的敏感品种。     

Application of PCR and probe hybridization techniques in detection of airborne fungal spores in environmental samples

Specific PCR amplification and probe hybridization techniques were applied to examine the compositions of airborne fungi in samples from three different environments. The results from microscopic and CFU counting were compared to those of the molecular-based detections. The detection sensitivity for PCR amplifications was 9 to 73 spores and 1.3 to 19.3 CFUs per PCR reaction. The hybridization detection limit was 2 to 4 spores and 0.2 to 1.2 CFU. The hybridization method was more sensitive than PCR amplification and showed less variation among samples. Using specific PCR primers and probes we identified the presence of several fungal groups and species in the air samples. Specific detections through probe hybridization to PCR products amplified with universal or group-specific fungal primers have promising applications in the examination of air samples for environmental monitoring.     

Assessing land use impacts on flood processes in complex terrain by using GIS and modeling approach

A distributed hydrologic modeling and GIS approach is applied for the assessment of land use impact in the Steinsel sub-basin, Alzette, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. The assessment focuses on the runoff contributions from different land use classes and the potential impact of land use changes on runoff generation. The results show that the direct runoff from urban areas is dominant for a flood event compared with runoff from other land use areas in this catchment, and tends to increase for small floods and for the dry season floods, whereas the interflow from forested, pasture and agricultural field areas contributes to the recession flow. Significant variations in flood volume, peak discharge, time to the peak, etc., are found from the model simulation based on the three hypothetical land use change scenarios.     

Application of a checklist for quality assistance in environmental modelling to an energy model

Large, complex energy models present considerable challenges to develop and test. Uncertainty assessments of such models provide only partial guidance on the quality of the results. We have developed a model quality assistance checklist to aid in this purpose. The model checklist provides diagnostic output in the form of a set of pitfalls for the model application. The checklist is applied here to an energy model for the problem of assessing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Use of the checklist suggests that results on this issue are contingent on a number of assumptions that are highly value-laden. When these assumptions are held fixed, the model is deemed capable of producing moderately robust results of relevance to climate policy over the longer term. Checklist responses also indicate that a number of details critical to policy choices or outcomes on this issue are not captured in the model, and model results should therefore be supplemented with alternative analyses.     

灰色局势决策用于水环境质量的评价

按灰色系统理论的观点和方法，根据各污染因子对环境质量的不同影响，将灰色局势决策法应用于水环境质量综合评价，并与水质距离评价法，模糊综合评判法和灰色关联度分析法进行了比较，结果表明，利用灰色局势决策法进行环境质量评价，是一种有效的实用方法。     

我国内陆流域各类水体中天然放射性核素浓度

1985年～1989年由新疆、甘肃、青海、西藏、内蒙古、陕西、宁夏等省、自治区环境监测站(研究所)对内陆流域各类水体中U、Th、~(226)Ra、~(40)K浓度进行调查,由调查的29条内陆河、23个湖泊、15座水库、55处井泉和34个自来水的统计结果表明,流域内各水体中U和~(40)K浓度的平均值与同期调查的黄河水系同类水体的浓度相近,明显高于长江水系,与全国同类水体相比亦属偏高。Th和~(226)Ra的平均浓度与全国同类水体的浓度相近,甘、新内陆区浓度较低。调查发现,一些咸水湖、井水和自来水中U、~(226)Ra,或~(40)K浓度异常偏高。     

应用藻类的污染指数评价乌鲁木齐水体的水质

通过对乌鲁木齐地区几个水体中浮游植物的调查,根据浮游植物的群落结构、数量、优势种和污染指数来评价这些水体的水质。     

一种分离纯化降解性质粒DNA的简便方法

控制微生物对某些环境污染物降解的质粒——降解性质粒,分子量较大,难于和染色体DNA分离。超螺旋质粒DNA在热变性后冷却即快速复性方面与染色体DNA不同。根据此性质,作者改进了McMaster的和Kado的方法,获得了良好效果。实验证明。经此法纯化的质粒具有转化活性,是研究化学污染物的降解性质粒的简便方法。