Isolation and characterization of an Alcaligenes sp. strain DG-5 capable of degrading DDTs under aerobic conditions

In this study, an Alcaligenes sp. strain DG-5 that can effectively degrade dichlorodiphenyltrichloro-ethanes (DDTs) under aerobic conditions was isolated from DDTs-contaminated sediment. Various factors that affect the biodegradation of DDTs by DG-5 were investigated. About 88 %, 65 % and 45 % of the total DDTs were consumed within 120 h when their initial concentrations were 0.5, 5 and 15 mg L?1, respectively. However, almost no degradation was observed when their concentration was increased to 30 mg L?1, but the addition of nutrients significantly improved the degradation, and 66 % and 90 % of the total DDTs were degraded at 336 h in the presence of 5 g L?1 peptone and yeast extract, respectively. Moreover, the addition of 20 mM formate also enhanced the ability of DG-5 to transform DDTs, and its DDT transformation capacity (T(c)) value was increased by 1.8 - 2.7 fold for the pure (p,p'-DDT or o,p'-DDT only) and mixed systems (p,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDE). Furthermore, it was found that competitive inhibition in the biodegradation by DDT compounds occurred in the mixed system.     

A possible new mechanism involved in ferro-cyanide metabolism by plants

Background, aim, and scope  

Ferro-cyanide is one of the commonly found species at cyanide-contaminated soils and groundwater. Unlike botanical metabolism of KCN via the β-cyanoalanine pathway, processes involved in the plant-mediated assimilation of ferro-cyanide are still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate a possible mechanism involved in uptake and assimilation of ferro-cyanide by plants.     

The effect of continuous exposure of copper on the properties and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of bulking activated sludge

Introduction  

This study investigated the effect of copper on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and on the properties (mainly settling and dewatering) and the composition of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) when 20 mg/L Cu(II) was continuously dosed to a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) inoculated with activated sludge.     

水淬渣在稀土氨氮废水中的应用研究

研究了水淬渣原渣和铁改性水淬渣作为吸附剂处理稀土氨氮废水的工艺条件和吸附机理,实验表明,原渣和改性渣处理稀土氨氮废水的最佳反应时间都为60 min,原渣的最佳投加量为0.015g/mL,而改性渣的最佳投加量为0.01g/mL,原渣的氨氮去除率为(59.9±2.49)％,而改性渣的氨氮去除率为(79.24±1.21)％。...     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌KJ-10的絮凝性能及絮凝成分分析

从炼厂含油污泥中分离筛选出一株高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌KJ-10,初步鉴定为芽孢杆菌.为进一步探讨该菌株的絮凝性能和絮凝成分,实验考察了该菌株对高岭土悬液和含油废水的处理效果,研究了所产絮凝剂的热稳定性,并通过紫外光谱、红外光谱、GC-MS技术及多糖含量测定等途径对其絮凝成分进行了深入分析.结果表明,该菌株对高岭土悬液的...     

乌梁素海表层沉积物重金属与营养元素含量的统计分析

对乌梁素海表层沉积物营养盐与重金属的分布情况进行研究,应用SPSS统计分析软件对乌梁素海表层沉积物重金属与营养元素进行相关分析和因子分析,并对重金属元素进行聚类分析。营养元素与重金属间的相关分析表明：重金属元素Cu、Cr、Pb和Cd相互间具有极显著的正相关性;有机质与As和Hg呈极显著的正相关;总氮与Hg呈极显著相关,与As呈显著相关,而与Pb呈极显著负相关,与Cd呈显著负相关;总磷与As呈显著负相关。重金属元素间的R-型聚类分析结果将本论文研究的9种金属元素分为3类。采用主成分分析法对乌梁素海表层沉积物重金属与营养元素进行因子分析,得到4个因子,并进一步分析讨论了各主成分的科学内涵。     

氨氮浓度对次氯酸钠消毒中水的影响

研究了氨氮浓度对次氯酸钠消毒中水的影响,讨论了中水氨氮浓度、氯胺浓度、总余氯浓度、消毒接触时间和总大肠菌群指标的变化关系。结果表明,氨氮随消毒接触时间呈先降低再升高的趋势,中水氨氮浓度越高,其变化幅度越小,反之,则变化幅度较大;氯胺浓度随消毒接触时间的延长先升高再降低,而总余氯量则逐渐降低,并有一定的持续消毒作用;此外,总余氯随次氯酸钠投加量的增加呈先升高后降低再逐渐升高的趋势,整个反应过程符合折点加氯消毒理论;当次氯酸钠投加量与氨氮的比值（以后简称C1／N）为25／1时,氨氮消耗掉的次氯酸钠量最多,生成的总余氯量最少;当C1／N比大于25／1时,消毒后中水氨氮浓度为零,反之,则随C1／N比升高逐渐降低;而当氨氮浓度相同时,中水消毒达标的主要影响因素是水中总大肠菌群的数量。     

甲基红在壳聚糖上吸附富集的研究

研究了pH、初始浓度、时间及温度对甲基红在壳聚糖上吸附富集的影响。结果表明,pH是影响甲基红吸附富集的重要因素,最佳pH3．4。其动力学行为更好地符合Lagergren准二级反应动力学模型,随着温度增加,平衡吸附量减少。吸附过程的表观活化能（Ea）为7．518kJ／mol。壳聚糖对甲基红的吸附过程较好地符合Freundlich吸附等温方程。计算得到吸附过程的热力学参数△G0、△H0。和△S0分别为-24．88kJ／mol（303K）、-22．15kJ／mol和8．783J／（mol·K）,表明壳聚糖对甲基红的吸附是一个自发的放热过程。红外光谱分析得到,壳聚糖吸附甲基红的过程中,壳聚糖分子中存在的大量羟基和氨基发挥了主要作用。     

Effects of hydrodynamics on the distribution of trace persistent organic pollutants and macrobenthic communities in Bohai Bay

In recent years, the rapid economic development along Bohai Bay, has brought out continuous increasing of the pollution loads in the Bohai Sea, especially by the large coastal reclamation project, Tianjin Binhai New Area. In the period of 2007-2009, we collected the sediments of the main rivers, estuaries, intertidal zone, and near-shore area of Bohai Bay, and Macrobenthos associated with the marine sediments to assess the influence of hydrodynamics in the coastal environment on the pattern of trace contaminants and the macrobenthic community. Based on data derived from these samples, the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediments followed the order PAHs > OCPs > PCBs > PBDEs. The higher concentrations of PCBs, OCPs, PAHs and PBDEs were found in the estuarine and near-shore environment of the Dagu Drainage River. The spatial distribution of OCPs was different to that of PCBs due to the direction of the velocity field of Bohai Bay in its old and new topography, and the higher water-solubility of OCPs than that of PCBs. The results of the Pearson correlation and the PCA indicate that the medium diameter (MD) of sediments was the predominant factor influencing the distribution of PCBs and OCPs, most sampling sites were characterized mainly by TOC of sediments and biomass of macrobenthos. The results indicate that the distribution of trace contaminants and macrobenthic community in Bohai Bay are mainly affected by the hydrodynamic conditions.     

Quantifying Terrestrial Ecosystem Carbon Dynamics in the Jinsha Watershed, Upper Yangtze, China from 1975 to 2000

Quantifying the spatial and temporal dynamics of carbon stocks in terrestrial ecosystems and carbon fluxes between the terrestrial biosphere and the atmosphere is critical to our understanding of regional patterns of carbon budgets. Here we use the General Ensemble biogeochemical Modeling System to simulate the terrestrial ecosystem carbon dynamics in the Jinsha watershed of China’s upper Yangtze basin from 1975 to 2000, based on unique combinations of spatial and temporal dynamics of major driving forces, such as climate, soil properties, nitrogen deposition, and land use and land cover changes. Our analysis demonstrates that the Jinsha watershed ecosystems acted as a carbon sink during the period of 1975–2000, with an average rate of 0.36 Mg/ha/yr, primarily resulting from regional climate variation and local land use and land cover change. Vegetation biomass accumulation accounted for 90.6% of the sink, while soil organic carbon loss before 1992 led to a lower net gain of carbon in the watershed, and after that soils became a small sink. Ecosystem carbon sink/source patterns showed a high degree of spatial heterogeneity. Carbon sinks were associated with forest areas without disturbances, whereas carbon sources were primarily caused by stand-replacing disturbances. It is critical to adequately represent the detailed fast-changing dynamics of land use activities in regional biogeochemical models to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of regional carbon sink/source patterns.