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991.
Isabel Díaz-Reviriego Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares Matthieu Salpeteur Patricia L. Howard Victoria Reyes-García 《Ambio》2016,45(3):263-275
Local medical systems are key elements of social-ecological systems as they provide culturally appropriate and locally accessible health care options, especially for populations with scarce access to biomedicine. The adaptive capacity of local medical systems generally rests on two pillars: species diversity and a robust local knowledge system, both threatened by local and global environmental change. We first present a conceptual framework to guide the assessment of knowledge diversity and redundancy in local medicinal knowledge systems through a gender lens. Then, we apply this conceptual framework to our research on the local medicinal plant knowledge of the Tsimane’ Amerindians. Our results suggest that Tsimane’ medicinal plant knowledge is gendered and that the frequency of reported ailments and the redundancy of knowledge used to treat them are positively associated. We discuss the implications of knowledge diversity and redundancy for local knowledge systems’ adaptive capacity, resilience, and health sovereignty. 相似文献
992.
David J. Suggett Ruy K. P. Kikuchi Marília D. M. Oliveira Saulo Spanó Rafael Carvalho David J. Smith 《Marine Biology》2012,159(7):1461-1473
Coral communities were examined from highly turbid near-shore marginal reefs of Abrolhos (Brazil) to test a paradigm previously developed from observations in clear water reefs; specifically, that coral photobiological properties follow a highly conserved linear relationship with optical depth (ζ) via preferential ‘non-photochemical’ over ‘photochemical’ dissipation of absorbed light energy. PAM flourometry in situ was used to examine the photobiology of the most dominant coral species throughout the platform surfaces and bases of Abrolhos’ characteristic ‘chapeir?es’ reef framework; however, none of the species consistently adhered to the ‘clear water paradigm’. PAM measurements further demonstrated that species conformed to two different strategies of non-photochemical energy dissipation: transient but relatively rapid for the two closely related endemic species (Mussismilia braziliensis and Mussismilia harttii) as opposed to more persistent for Montastrea cavernosa, Porites astreoides and Siderastrea stellata. Further experiments demonstrated that tolerance to anomalous stress amongst species did not correspond with the non-photochemical energy dissipation strategy present but was consistent with the relative dominance of species within the chapeir?es coral communities. 相似文献
993.
994.
A. Valiūnienė G. Baltrūnas V. Keršulytė Ž. Margarian G. Valinčius 《Process Safety and Environmental Protection》2013,91(4):269-274
Cyanides are very popular electrolytes used in metal electroplating, metal ore processing, chemical and electrochemical applications. Due to wide utility of these technologies cyanides become increasingly harmful effluent, which has to be treated. One of the best ways to degrade cyanides is an anodic electrooxidation. In this work the destruction of free cyanide on platinum, titanium and stainless steel (SS) electrodes has been investigated. It was determined that anode material greatly influences the process of cyanide electrooxidation. The best results were obtained by using the Pt electrode. This kind of anode allows us to reduce CN? concentration from 0.1 M to 0.06 M during the first hour of electrolysis at a current density of 200 A m?2, with a current efficiency up to 80%. To substitute expensive Pt anodes Ti electrodes covered with nanolayers of Pt were prepared and used for the anodic oxidation of cyanide ions. An effect of a thickness of Pt layer and temperature of an electrolyte solution were studied. It was established that using platinized Ti electrodes the current efficiencies of electrooxidation of cyanides of about 60% can be obtained. The usage of chloride ions to facilitate the destruction of cyanide was also studied. 相似文献
995.
Juan C. Alonso Carlos Palacín Javier A. Alonso Carlos A. Martín 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2009,63(12):1705-1715
Radio tracking of 142 males captured at 44 leks in Spain showed that partial migration of great bustard males in summer is
a widespread behaviour in many Iberian populations, in contrast to their previously assumed sedentariness. A variable number
of males migrated immediately after mating to summering areas with lower temperatures and human population densities and more
trees and rainfall levels than the breeding sites. Birds selected there fields with trees and sunflower crops which provided
shade during the hottest midday hours and protective cover against predators. Males breeding in areas with higher July temperatures
had a higher tendency to migrate, and males from hotter, southern regions migrated longer distances than those from milder,
northern regions and showed a preferred northward direction. These results confirmed various predictions from the weather
sensitivity hypothesis, suggesting that summer migration of great bustard males represents primarily an adaptation to escape
the summer heat of most breeding areas in central and southern Iberia. The hypothesis that males migrated to benefit from
higher food availability at the summering areas could not be rejected by our results. Finally, migrating males also gained
more tranquillity during the post-breeding moult due to the lower human population density at the summering areas. Summer
migration of Iberian great bustard males may thus be interpreted as a form of behavioural thermoregulation which has not been
described for other Palaearctic populations of this species or for other bird species breeding in temperate latitudes. 相似文献
996.
997.
Olga García-Menéndez Bruno J. Ballesteros Arianna Renau-Pruñonosa Ignacio Morell Tania Mochales Pedro I. Ibarra Félix M. Rubio 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2018,190(2):100
Over 40 years, the detrital aquifer of the Plana de Castellón (Spanish Mediterranean coast) has been subjected to seawater intrusion because of long dry periods combined with intensive groundwater exploitation. Against this backdrop, a managed artificial recharge (MAR) scheme was implemented to improve the groundwater quality. The large difference between the electrical conductivity (EC) of the ambient groundwater (brackish water due to marine intrusion) and the recharge water (freshwater) meant that there was a strong contrast between the resistivities of the brackish water saturated zone and the freshwater saturated zone. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) can be used for surveying similar settings to evaluate the effectiveness of artificial recharge schemes. By integrating geophysical data with lithological information, EC logs from boreholes, and hydrochemical data, we can interpret electrical resistivity (ER) with groundwater EC values and so identify freshwater saturated zones. Using this approach, ERT images provided a high-resolution spatial characterization and an accurate picture of the shape and extent of the recharge plume of the MAR site. After 5 months of injection, a freshwater plume with an EC of 400–600 μS/cm had formed that extended 400 m in the W-E direction, 250 m in the N-S direction, and to a depth of 40 m below piezometric level. This study also provides correlations between ER values with different lithologies and groundwater EC values that can be used to support other studies. 相似文献
998.
Dorottya Kiss Gergely Hegyi János Török Balázs Rosivall 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(2):185-192
In altricial birds, parental feeding is essential, and its amount may depend on the quality of both parents. A relationship between parental quality and feeding rate is generally attributed to an active adjustment by parents in order to retain good quality mates or ensure high fitness through raising high-quality offspring. However, the behaviour and need of young may also change with parental quality, and this may affect parental behaviour. A further problem is that most studies have investigated post-hatching parental investment in relation to the secondary sexual signals of males, but not females. In a cross-fostering experiment, we examined the feeding rates of rearing parents in relation to the size and ornamentation of both original and rearing parents in collared flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis). Using this setup, we could examine whether the observed feeding patterns were the results of the decision of the parents based on their own and their partner’s traits or the constraints imposed by the behaviour or need of offspring. When correcting for clutch size and year, we found that feeding rate of both foster parents correlated with the wing patch size of the original female. This implies that original maternal quality had an offspring-mediated indirect effect on investment of foster parents, that is intrinsic nestling quality may constrain parental feeding decisions. This explanation should not be overlooked in future studies on preferential parental investment, and our results also point out that maternal ornaments deserve more attention in such studies. 相似文献
999.
The reaction of two soils that have received composted OMW as manure with Cu solutions is studied. The data were fitted into a multi‐reaction model which considers both reversible and irreversible adsorption sites, and an ‘instantaneous’ fraction. The presence of composted OMW caused a strong increase in the distribution coefficient describing the instantaneous fraction, and the disappearance of the irreversible fraction. This behaviour was attributed to blocking of some sorbing surfaces by the organics, and to new surfaces present in the compost. These effects can have some environmental significance from the viewpoint of Cu mobility. 相似文献
1000.
The aim of this study is to examine and compare all publicly accessible data on occupational injuries in Slovenia in the period from 1948 to 2008, obtained either from archives or websites. The data obtained from five different sources which have been formally collecting and presenting data on occupational injuries in Slovenia (Labour Inspectorate of the Republic of Slovenia – LIRS, Institute of Public Health of the Republic of Slovenia – IPHRS, International Labour Organization – ILO, Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia – SORS, and issues of the Journal of Occupational Safety and Fire Safety) were reviewed and managed. Since the early 1960s, there has been a significant decrease of fatal and non-fatal occupational injuries in Slovenia. Problems related to gathering and interpreting data on occupational injuries are also discussed with special emphasize on diversity of models used for occupational injuries data collecting. The results of the 60-year-long retrospective study can also be of assistance for professionals involved in planning, implementing and controlling the national policy and/or regional policies on safety and health at work. 相似文献