全文获取类型
收费全文 | 28427篇 |
免费 | 331篇 |
国内免费 | 460篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 650篇 |
废物处理 | 1583篇 |
环保管理 | 3909篇 |
综合类 | 4150篇 |
基础理论 | 7913篇 |
环境理论 | 7篇 |
污染及防治 | 6392篇 |
评价与监测 | 2058篇 |
社会与环境 | 2409篇 |
灾害及防治 | 147篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 96篇 |
2022年 | 213篇 |
2021年 | 192篇 |
2020年 | 225篇 |
2019年 | 177篇 |
2018年 | 1821篇 |
2017年 | 1716篇 |
2016年 | 1638篇 |
2015年 | 477篇 |
2014年 | 515篇 |
2013年 | 1466篇 |
2012年 | 1115篇 |
2011年 | 2321篇 |
2010年 | 1471篇 |
2009年 | 1443篇 |
2008年 | 1826篇 |
2007年 | 2211篇 |
2006年 | 741篇 |
2005年 | 706篇 |
2004年 | 677篇 |
2003年 | 706篇 |
2002年 | 720篇 |
2001年 | 676篇 |
2000年 | 550篇 |
1999年 | 327篇 |
1998年 | 234篇 |
1997年 | 229篇 |
1996年 | 225篇 |
1995年 | 271篇 |
1994年 | 213篇 |
1993年 | 214篇 |
1992年 | 176篇 |
1991年 | 185篇 |
1990年 | 184篇 |
1989年 | 184篇 |
1988年 | 157篇 |
1987年 | 133篇 |
1986年 | 158篇 |
1985年 | 144篇 |
1984年 | 208篇 |
1983年 | 158篇 |
1982年 | 171篇 |
1981年 | 158篇 |
1980年 | 131篇 |
1979年 | 149篇 |
1978年 | 96篇 |
1977年 | 98篇 |
1974年 | 95篇 |
1973年 | 89篇 |
1972年 | 96篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 140 毫秒
881.
Combination of biochar amendment and phytoremediation for hydrocarbon removal in petroleum-contaminated soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Tao Han Zhipeng Zhao Mark Bartlam Yingying Wang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(21):21219-21228
Remediation of soils contaminated with petroleum is a challenging task. Four different bioremediation strategies, including natural attenuation, biochar amendment, phytoremediation with ryegrass, and a combination of biochar and ryegrass, were investigated with greenhouse pot experiments over a 90-day period. The results showed that planting ryegrass in soil can significantly improve the removal rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) and the number of microorganisms. Within TPHs, the removal rate of total n-alkanes (45.83 %) was higher than that of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (30.34 %). The amendment of biochar did not result in significant improvement of TPH removal. In contrast, it showed a clear negative impact on the growth of ryegrass and the removal of TPHs by ryegrass. The removal rate of TPHs was significantly lower after the amendment of biochar. The results indicated that planting ryegrass is an effective remediation strategy, while the amendment of biochar may not be suitable for the phytoremediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. 相似文献
882.
Aarif H. El-Mubarak Ahmed I. Rushdi Khalid F. Al-Mutlaq Falah Z. Al Mdawi Khalid Al-Hazmi Ramil S. Dumenden Rex A. Pascua 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(21):21273-21287
The main objectives of this work were to identify and determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and trace metals in carpet dust samples from various mosques of the city of Riyadh and to assess the health risks associated with the exposure to these pollutants. Therefore, 31 samples of mosque’s carpet dust from Riyadh were collected. The results showed that 14 PAHs were present in the dust samples with concentrations ranged from 90 to 22,146 ng g?1 (mean = 4096 ± 4277 ng g?1) where low molecular weight compounds were dominant. The presence of PAHs were in the order of naphthalene > chrysene and benzo(b)fluoranthene > benzo(a)pyrene > acenaphthene and benzo(k)fluoranthene > pyrene and the absence of indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and dibenz(a,h)anthracene. The diagnostic ratio coupled with principle component analysis (PCA) revealed mix sources of petrogenic from traffic, stack emission, and pyrogenic inputs from essence and perfumed wood burning. Trace metals were significant in the dust samples, and their concentrations decrease in the order of Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ni, and V where Zn being the highest (94.4 ± 91.5 μg g?1) and indium was the lowest (1.9 ± 9.3 μg g?1). The trace metals were major in southern and central parts of Riyadh and followed the order of central Riyadh > southern Riyadh > western Riyadh > eastern Riyadh > northern Riyadh. Estimated risk based on the total PAHs was found to be 4.30 × 10?11 for adult and 1.56 × 10?11 for children. Elemental non-cancer risk for adults ranged from 7.9 × 10?4 for Co to 7.58 × 10?1 for Li and for children ranged from 3.70 × 10?3 for Co to 3.54 for Li. Policy implication and mitigations of PAHs in Riyadh and Saudi Arabia were highlighted. 相似文献
883.
S. Hena R. Rozi S. Tabassum A. Huda 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(15):14868-14880
Cyanotoxins, microcystins and cylindrospermopsin, are potent toxins produced by cyanobacteria in potable water supplies. This study investigated the removal of cyanotoxins from aqueous media by magnetophoretic nanoparticle of polypyrrole adsorbent. The adsorption process was pH dependent with maximum adsorption occurring at pH 7 for microcystin-LA, LR, and YR and at pH 9 for microcystin-RR and cylindrospermopsin (CYN). Kinetic studies and adsorption isotherms reflected better fit for pseudo-second-order rate and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. Thermodynamic calculations showed that the cyanotoxin adsorption process is endothermic and spontaneous in nature. The regenerated adsorbent can be successfully reused without appreciable loss of its original capacity. 相似文献
884.
Shumiao Cao Wenke Wang Fei Wang Jun Zhang Zhoufeng Wang Shenke Yang Quanhong Xue 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(15):14898-14907
Microbe-assisted phytoremediation provides an effective approach to clean up heavy metal-contaminated soils. However, severe drought may affect the function of microbes in arid/semi-arid areas. Streptomyces pactum Act12 is a drought-tolerant soil actinomycete strain isolated from an extreme environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China. In this study, pot experiments were conducted to assess the effect of Act12 on Cd tolerance, uptake, and accumulation in amaranth (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) under water deficit. Inoculated plants had higher Cd concentrations (root 8.7–33.9 %; shoot 53.2–102.1 %) and uptake (root 19.9–95.3 %; shoot 110.6–170.1 %) than non-inoculated controls in Cd-treated soil. The translocation factor of Cd from roots to shoots was increased by 14.2–75 % in inoculated plants, while the bioconcentration factor of Cd in roots and shoots was increased by 10.2–64.4 and 53.9–114.8 %, respectively. Moreover, inoculation with Act12 increased plant height, root length, and shoot biomass of amaranth in Cd-treated soil compared to non-inoculated controls. Physiochemical analysis revealed that Act12 enhanced Cd tolerance in the plants by increasing glutathione, elevating superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, as well as reducing malondialdehyde content in the leaves. The drought-tolerant actinomycete strain Act12 can enhance the phytoremediation efficiency of amaranth for Cd-contaminated soils under water deficit, exhibiting potential for application in arid and semi-arid areas. 相似文献
885.
Pan Chen Megan Culbreth Michael Aschner 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(14):13802-13810
It has become increasingly apparent that global manganese (Mn) pollution to air and water is a significant threat to human health. Despite this recognition, research is only beginning to comprehend the detrimental effects of exposure. Mn, while essential, is particularly harmful to the central nervous system, and overexposure is symptomatic of several neurological disorders. At-risk populations have been identified, but it is still unclear whether typical exposure levels have any long-term consequences. Those at an elevated risk have diminished intellectual function, learning and memory, and mental development. While the overall mechanism of toxicity is undetermined, Mn has been found to induce oxidative stress, exacerbate mitochondrial dysfunction, dysregulate autophagy, and promote apoptosis, ultimately enhancing neurodegeneration. Extrapolation of this in vitro and in vivo data to humans is difficult. There is a definite need to correlate epidemiological studies with causative effects. It is imperative that research efforts endure, so threats are appropriately identified and exposure properly regulated. 相似文献
886.
Su-fen Yuan Ze-hua Liu Hai-Xian Lian Chuangtao Yang Qing Lin Hua Yin Zhi Dang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(19):19116-19125
A simple online headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method was developed for simultaneous determination of trace amounts of nine estrogenic odorant alkylphenols and chlorophenols and their derivatives in water samples. The extraction conditions of HS-SPME were optimized including fiber selection, extraction temperature, extraction time, and salt concentration. Results showed that divinylbenzene/Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) fiber was the most appropriate one among the three selected commercial fibers, and the optimal extraction temperature, time, and salt concentration were 70 °C, 30 min, and 0.25 g/mL, respectively. The developed method was validated and showed good linearity (R 2?>?0.989), low limit of detection (LOD, 0.002–0.5 μg/L), and excellent recoveries (76–126 %) with low relative standard deviation (RSD, 0.7–12.9 %). The developed method was finally applied to two surface water samples and some of these target compounds were detected. All these detected compounds were below their odor thresholds, except for 2,4,6-TCAS and 2,4,6-TBAS wherein their concentrations were near their odor thresholds. However, in the two surface water samples, these detected compounds contributed to a certain amount of estrogenicity, which seemed to suggest that more attention should be paid to the issue of estrogenicity rather than to the odor problem. 相似文献
887.
Richard M. Nthumbi Jane C. Ngila 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(20):20214-20231
A novel approach for the electrospinning and functionalization of nanocatalyst-loaded polyvinylidene fluoride/polyacrylonitrile (PVDF/PAN) composite grafted with acrylic acid (AA; which form polyacrylic acid (PAA) brush) and decorated with silver (Ag/PAN/PVDF-g-PAA-TiO2/Fe–Pd) designed for the dechlorination and photodegradation of pesticides was carried out. PAN was used both as a nitrogen dopant as well as a co-polymer. Smooth nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning a solution of 12:2 wt.% PVDF/PAN blend using dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent. The nanofibers were grafted with AA by free-radical polymerization using 2,2′azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) as initiator. Both bimetallic iron–palladium (Fe–Pd) and titania (TiO2) nanoparticles (NP) were anchored on the grafted nanofibers via the carboxylate groups by in situ and ex situ synthesis. The Fe–Pd and nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were subsequently used for dechlorination and oxidation of target pollutants (dieldrin, chlorpyrifos, diuron, and fipronil) to benign products. Structural and chemical characterizations of the composites were done using various techniques. These include surface area and porosity analyzer (ASAP) using the technique by Brunner Emmett Teller (BET), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM) analyses were done. After dechlorination, the transformation products (TPs) for dieldrin, chlorpyrifos, diuron, and fipronil were obtained and identified using two-dimensional gas chromatography (time-of-flight) with a mass spectrometer detector (GCxGC-TOFMS). Analysis of total organic carbon (TOC) was carried out and used to extrapolate percentage mineralization. Experimental results showed that dechlorination efficiencies of 96, 93, 96, and 90 % for 1, 2, 2, and 3 h treatment period were respectively achieved for 5 ppm solutions of dieldrin, chlorpyrifos, diuron, and fipronil. The dechlorination of dieldrin, diuron, and fipronil follows first-order kinetics while that of chlorpyrifos followed pseudo-first order. Mineralization performance of 34 to 45 % were recorded when Fe–Pd was used, however upon electrospinning, doping, and grafting (Ag/PAN/PVDF-g-PAA-TiO2/Fe–Pd composite); it significantly increased to 99.9999 %. This composite reveals great potential for dechlorination and mineralization of pesticides in contaminated water. 相似文献
888.
889.
D. L’Hermite E. Vors T. Vercouter G. Moutiers 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(9):8219-8226
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a laser-based optical technique particularly suited for in situ surface analysis. A portable LIBS instrument was tested to detect surface chemical contamination by chemical warfare agents (CWAs). Test of detection of surface contamination was carried out in a toxlab facility with four CWAs, sarin (GB), lewisite (L1), mustard gas (HD), and VX, which were deposited on different substrates, wood, concrete, military green paint, gloves, and ceramic. The CWAs were detected by means of the detection of atomic markers (As, P, F, Cl, and S). The LIBS instrument can give a direct response in terms of detection thanks to an integrated interface for non-expert users or so called end-users. We have evaluated the capability of automatic detection of the selected CWAs. The sensitivity of our portable LIBS instrument was confirmed for the detection of a CWA at surface concentrations above 15 μg/cm2. The simultaneous detection of two markers may lead to a decrease of the number of false positive. 相似文献
890.
Kartick Mondal Sankar Sasmal Srikant Badgandi Dipabali Roy Chowdhury Vinod Nair 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(22):22267-22273
During the past decade, there has been increasing global concern over the rise of anthropogenic CO2 emission into the Earth’s atmosphere (J Air Waste Manage Assoc 53:645–715, 2003). The utilization of CO2 to produce any valuable product is need of the hour. The production of syngas from CO2 and CH4 seems to be one of the promising alternatives in terms of industrial utilization, as it offers several advantages: (a) mitigation of CO2, (b) transformation of natural gas and CO2 into valuable syngas, and (c) producing syngas with H2/CO ratio 1 which may further be used for the production of valuable petrochemicals (J Air Waste Manage Assoc 53:645–715, 2003). A conceptual design for the production of synthesis gas by dry reforming of methane is presented here. An economic assessment of this process with an integrated methanol production section as a case was conceptualized and compared with the conventional steam methane reforming route to produce methanol. The economic study indicated that dry reforming of natural gas/methane is a competitive process with lower operating and capital costs in comparison with steam reforming assuming negligible cost of CO2 import. 相似文献