全文获取类型
收费全文 | 29476篇 |
免费 | 252篇 |
国内免费 | 298篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 765篇 |
废物处理 | 1355篇 |
环保管理 | 3643篇 |
综合类 | 4860篇 |
基础理论 | 7365篇 |
环境理论 | 9篇 |
污染及防治 | 7795篇 |
评价与监测 | 2177篇 |
社会与环境 | 1885篇 |
灾害及防治 | 172篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 281篇 |
2021年 | 287篇 |
2020年 | 179篇 |
2019年 | 235篇 |
2018年 | 443篇 |
2017年 | 425篇 |
2016年 | 686篇 |
2015年 | 485篇 |
2014年 | 763篇 |
2013年 | 2404篇 |
2012年 | 917篇 |
2011年 | 1202篇 |
2010年 | 1054篇 |
2009年 | 1090篇 |
2008年 | 1231篇 |
2007年 | 1353篇 |
2006年 | 1205篇 |
2005年 | 996篇 |
2004年 | 1002篇 |
2003年 | 991篇 |
2002年 | 928篇 |
2001年 | 1225篇 |
2000年 | 869篇 |
1999年 | 548篇 |
1998年 | 367篇 |
1997年 | 350篇 |
1996年 | 379篇 |
1995年 | 399篇 |
1994年 | 374篇 |
1993年 | 338篇 |
1992年 | 341篇 |
1991年 | 331篇 |
1990年 | 312篇 |
1989年 | 319篇 |
1988年 | 304篇 |
1987年 | 252篇 |
1986年 | 198篇 |
1985年 | 224篇 |
1984年 | 277篇 |
1983年 | 258篇 |
1982年 | 300篇 |
1981年 | 221篇 |
1980年 | 203篇 |
1979年 | 242篇 |
1978年 | 192篇 |
1977年 | 179篇 |
1976年 | 164篇 |
1975年 | 167篇 |
1974年 | 176篇 |
1973年 | 135篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
991.
Historical records preserved in sediments show that the lakes are extremely sensitive to metal emissions from the smelters in the Sudbury basin. From the observed quick response, a strong capacity for rapid recovery (deacidification) of acid-stressed lakes in the area is deduced. The study thus emphasises the need for curtailing the emissions of acidic and acidifying substances as a critical step in reducing lake acidification as well as in rehabilitating many of the afflicted lakes. 相似文献
992.
Sá Roberson Davis Rodríguez-Pérez Adriana Patricia Rodrigues-Silva Fernando de Paula Vinicius de Carvalho Soares Prola Liziê Daniela Tentler de Freitas Adriane Martins de Carvalho Karina Querne de Liz Marcus Vinicius 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):24180-24190
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The photo-Fenton process was performed with four radiation settings to treat clinical analysis laboratory wastewater (CALWW) from a hospital, with the... 相似文献
993.
Mobilization of soil organic matter by complexing agents and implications for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon desorption 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Complexing agents are frequently used in treatment technologies to remediate soils, sediments and wastes contaminated with toxic metals. The present study reports results that indicate that the rate and extent of soil organic matter (SOM) as represented by dissolved natural organic carbon (DNOC) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) desorption from a contaminated soil from a manufactured gas plant (MGP) site can be significantly enhanced with the aid of complexing agents. Desorption of DNOC and PAH compounds was pH dependent, with minimal release occurring at pH 2-3 and maximal release at pH 7-8. At pH-6, chelate solutions were shown to dissolve large amounts of humic substances from the soil compared to controls. The complexing agents mobilized polyvalent metal ions, particularly Fe and Al from the soil. Metal ion chelation may disrupt humic (metal ion)-mineral linkages, resulting in mobilization of SOM and accompanying PAH molecules into the aqueous phase; and/or reduce the degree of cross-linking in the soil organic matter phase, which could accelerate PAH diffusion. 相似文献
994.
Titanium dioxide films were prepared on glass, indium-tin oxide (ITO) glass and p-type monocrystalline silicon and studied for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B in an aqueous medium. Raman, AFM, and XPS spectroscopic investigations of these films indicated that microstructure of titanium oxide films were greatly affected by the substrate materials. Rutile was confirmed to be easily formed on the surface of ITO glass, and TiO2 tended to grow as closely packed particles that were elongated strips with an average size of 20 nm, and had lovely contrast with the perfectly round particles grown on p-type monocrystalline silicon. Charge transfer between the film and silicon substrate was verified by surface photovoltage spectra. This may be the real reason why the films grown on ITO glass and silicon substrates exhibit higher photocatalytic reactivity than the film on glass substrate. Moreover, the different surface properties also seem to be responsible for the different activity. 相似文献
995.
Twenty-two pesticides and metabolites selected on the basis of a regional priority list, were surveyed in surface river waters by high performance liquid chromatography coupled in tandem with UV diode array detection and mass spectrometry, after an off-line pre-concentration step. Pesticide concentrations ranged between 0.07 and 4.8 microg/l according to the compound and sampling period. Analytical results were linked to the environmental risk of pesticides, evaluated by their system investigation of risk by integration of score (SIRIS) rank. 相似文献
996.
High pesticide concentrations in soil from spills or discharges can result in point-source contamination of ground and surface waters. Cost-effective technologies are needed for on-site treatment that meet clean-up goals and restore soil function. Remediation is particularly challenging when a mixture of pesticides is present. Zerovalent iron (Fe0) has been shown to promote reductive dechlorination and nitro group reduction of a wide range of contaminants in soil and water. We employed Fe0 for on-site treatment of soil containing > 1000 mg metolachlor, > 55 mg alachlor, > 64 mg atrazine, > 35 mg pendimethalin, and > 10 mg chlorpyrifos kg(-1). While concentrations were highly variable within the windrowed soil, treatment with 5% (w/w) Fe0 resulted in > 60% destruction of the five pesticides within 90 d and increased to > 90% when 2% (w/w) Al2(SO4)3 was added to the Fe0. GC/MS analysis confirmed dechlorination of metolachlor and alachlor during treatment. Our observations support the use of Fe0 for ex situ treatment of pesticide-contaminated soil. 相似文献
997.
998.
Effects of grazing on grassland birds are generally thought to be indirect, through alteration of vegetation structure; however, livestock can also affect nest survival directly through trampling and other disturbances (e.g., livestock‐induced abandonment). We extracted data on nest fates from 18 grazing studies conducted in Canada. We used these data to assess rates of nest destruction by cattle among 9 ecoregions and between seasonal and rotational grazing systems. Overall, few nests were destroyed by cattle (average 1.5% of 9132 nests). Nest destruction was positively correlated with grazing pressure (i.e., stocking rate or grazing intensity), but nest survival was higher in more heavily grazed areas for some species. Because rates of destruction of grassland bird nests by cattle are low in Canada, management efforts to reduce such destruction may not be of ecological or economic value in Canada. Efectos Directos del Ganado sobre las Aves de Pastizales en Canadá 相似文献
999.
Ângela Guimarães Pereira Frank Raes Tiago De Sousa Pedrosa Paulo Rosa Søsser Brodersen Michael Søgaard Jørgensen Francisco Ferreira Xavier Querol John Rea 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(33):5423-5432
For more than two decades a number of frameworks for scientific knowledge production are being proposed by science and technology researchers. They all advocate an extended involvement of non-specialists, in particular when it comes to knowledge production applicable to practical societal problems. We look to what extent these new frameworks have taken ground within a particular research community: the ACCENT Network of Excellence which coordinates European atmospheric chemistry and physics research applicable to air pollution and climate change. We did so by stimulating a debate through a “blog”, a survey and in-depth interviews with ACCENT scientists about the interaction between science, policy making and civil society, to which a great deal of ACCENT member contributed in writing or verbally. Most of them had interactions with policy makers and/or the general public, and they generally believe that interactions with spheres other than the scientific are needed. While such interactions give personal insight and satisfaction, they seem to have little impact on the goals and the practice of the scientific work itself. Extended frameworks of science production that go beyond the disciplinary mode seem to emerge at the level of individual scientists, yet they still need to find their way to the level of scientific project management. In this paper we discuss the justifications and barriers to implement a higher degree of extended knowledge integration in applied science projects such as ACCENT. It is felt that the community of atmospheric chemists and physicists is mature for such an implementation and recommendations are given to help and make this happen. 相似文献
1000.
Predictive population models designed to assist managers and policy makers require an explicit treatment of inherent uncertainty and variability. These are particular concerns when modelling non-native and reintroduced species, when data have been collected within one geographical or ecological context but predictions are required for another, or when extending models to predict the consequences of environmental change (e.g., climate or land-use). We present an aspatial, probabilistic framework of hierarchical process models for predicting population growth even when data are sparse or of poor quality. Insight into the factors affecting population dynamics in real landscapes can be provided and Kullback–Leibler distances are used to compare the relative output of models. This flexible yet robust framework gives easily interpretable results, allowing managers as well as modellers to invalidate anomalous models and apply others to real-life scenarios.We illustrate the framework’s power with a meta-analysis of European wild boar (Sus scrofa) data. We test hypotheses about the effect of geographic region, hunting and mast years on wild boar population growth, to build models of wild boar dynamics for the UK. The framework quantifies the importance of hunting pressure as a driver of population growth, and confirms that reproductive success is greatly decreased in poor mast years, suggesting that the key to predicting wild boar dynamics is to ascertain local hunting pressure and to better understand changing food availability. Geography had no significant effect, indicating that it is not a good proxy for modelling the impact of change in climate or land-use on wild boar populations at the European scale. We use the framework to predict population abundance 9 years after an isolated population of wild boar established in the UK; in a comparison with the only field data and two independent modelling exercises, our framework provides the most robust and informative results. 相似文献