中国食品工业可持续发展现状分析与对策——基于河南、四川、青海三省食品企业的调查

改革开放30多年来,中国的食品工业有突飞猛进的发展,食品企业的生产能力大幅提升,但中国食品工业仍然存在着诸如食品质量体系不健全、食品安全隐患大等问题.分析了我国食品工业可持续发展生产的背景,然后就河南、四川、青海三省的食品企业可持续发展生产状况做了问卷分析.根据问卷分析结果,从政府层面、企业层面、社会层面提出促进我国食品工业可持续发展的建议.     

微囊藻毒素-LR的全内反射荧光免疫传感器研究

在开发全内反射荧光免疫传感器的基础上,研究水中微囊藻毒素-LR(MC-LR)的检测方法。建立了基于MC-LR平面波导免疫芯片的制备方法,并结合流动分析和荧光检测开发检测系统,针对MC-LR的免疫检测条件进行优化。结果表明,全内反射荧光免疫传感器对MC-LR抗体的检测限为0.001μg/mL;在间接竞争免疫检测模式下,最优检测条件是预反应时间5min、预反应温度37℃、进样停留时间500s;在最优检测条件下,对MC-LR的检测限为0.100μg/L,线性区间为0.200~4.000μg/L;全内反射荧光免疫传感器检测MC-LR的加标回收率均在100.0%±20.0%,平行测定的相对标准偏差小于5%。     

东洞庭湖湿地生态系统健康状态与水位关系研究

基于CBERS卫星遥感影像数据,以东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区为研究区,通过光谱特征分析建立决策树分类模型,提取东洞庭湖湿地的地物类型。以生态系统健康理论为基础,依据东洞庭湖湿地的特点,综合湿地生产力、组织结构、弹性和功能4个方面,建立湿地生态系统健康状态评价指标体系和评价模型,利用GIS技术,分析东洞庭湖湿地在2000～2006年10个时相的生态系统健康状态。结合城陵矶水文站的水位数据,探讨了东洞庭湖湿地健康状态与城陵矶水位之间的相关性,并利用2007年两个时相的数据进行检验。研究结果表明：东洞庭湖湿地健康状态与城陵矶水位之间存在着较大的相关性,当城陵矶水位达到30 m左右时,东洞庭湖湿地健康状态达到最佳值     

Degradation of bisphenol A in aqueous solution by persulfate activated with ferrous ion

Degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) in aqueous solution was studied with high-efficiency sulfate radical (SO₄ ^?·), which was generated by the activation of persulfate (S₂O₈ ^2?) with ferrous ion (Fe²⁺). S₂O₈ ^2? was activated by Fe²⁺ to produce SO₄ ^?·, and iron powder (Fe⁰) was used as a slow-releasing source of dissolved Fe²⁺. The major oxidation products of BPA were determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometer. The mineralization efficiency of BPA was monitored by total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. BPA removal efficiency was improved by the increase of initial S₂O₈ ^2? or Fe²⁺ concentrations and then decreased with excess Fe²⁺ concentration. The adding mode of Fe²⁺ had significant impact on BPA degradation and mineralization. BPA removal rates increased from 49 to 97 % with sequential addition of Fe²⁺, while complete degradation was observed with continuous diffusion of Fe²⁺, and the latter achieved higher TOC removal rate. When Fe⁰ was employed as a slow-releasing source of dissolved Fe²⁺, 100 % of BPA degradation efficiency was achieved, and the highest removal rate of TOC (85 %) was obtained within 2 h. In the Fe⁰–S₂O₈ ^2? system, Fe⁰ as the activator of S₂O₈ ^2? could offer sustainable oxidation for BPA, and higher TOC removal rate was achieved. It was proved that Fe⁰–S₂O₈ ^2? system has perspective for future works.     

热水解超声组合预处理对污泥厌氧消化产气潜力的影响研究

针对城市污泥厌氧消化由于融胞困难所导致的消解速率低、产气量低等问题,采用热水解与超声组合的方法对污泥进行预处理,考察经预处理后污泥融胞效率的变化及对厌氧消化产气潜力的影响.结果显示,热水解与超声波组合工艺对污泥的破胞作用明显,在30 min热水解与0.53 W/mL超声声能密度组合工艺反应60 min条件下,相对于处理前污泥,预处理后污泥溶解性COD(SCOD)溶出率可提高41.6％,蛋白质增加值达282.7 mg/L,污泥厌氧消化的产气潜力显著增加;30 min热水解分别与0.53、0.33 W/mL超声声能密度组合工艺对污泥破胞效率的差异不大;随着超声时间的延长,在组合预处理工艺前20 min内SCOD的溶出速率较慢,20260 min时溶出速率逐渐提高.试验结果可为城市污泥厌氧消化预处理工艺的选择提供一定的理论依据.     

20^#钢板镀铬在海洋环境条件下的腐蚀行为分析

本文根据20^#钢板镀铬材料在我国海洋环境的暴露结果,对20^#钢板镀铬材料在我国海洋环境条件下的腐蚀速度及腐蚀原因进行分析。     

Different reaction mechanisms of diphenylether and 4-bromodiphenylether with nitrous acid in the 355 nm laser flash photolysis of mixed aqueous solution

The microscopic reaction mechanisms of diphenylether (DPE) and 4-bromodiphenylether (4-BrDPE) with nitrous acid (HNO(2)) in the absence of O(2) have been explored by the 355nm laser flash photolysis. It was proposed that OH radical, from the photolysis of HNO(2), added to DPE forms the C(12)H(10)O-OH adduct while added to 4-BrDPE forms the 4-BrDPE-OH and 4-BrOH-DPE adducts. The first-order decay rate constants of the C(12)H(10)O-OH adduct, 4-BrDPE-OH adduct and 4-BrOH-DPE adduct were measured to be (1.86+/-0.14)x10(5)s(-1), (2.19+/-0.04)x10(5)s(-1) and (1.56+/-0.03)x10(5)s(-1), respectively. The final photolysis products of DPE and HNO(2) identified by GC/MS analysis were phenol, o-hydroxydiphenylether, p-hydroxydiphenylether and p-nitrodiphenylether, while the final photolysis product of 4-BrDPE and HNO(2) identified by LC/MS analysis was mainly the dimer.     

超细滑石粉对造纸废水混凝效果的影响

选用超细滑石粉作混凝剂,考察其对造纸废水混凝效果的影响,影响因素有投加量、pH值、水力条件等.单因素试验结果表明,各影响因素的最佳取值分别为:S盯投加量5g/L,pH值2,混合转速175 r/min,混合时间为50 s,反应转速50 r/min,反应时间15min.在单因素影响研究的基础上,进行4因素3水平的正交实验,结果表明,SFT混凝效果的最佳条件为:投加量为2.5 g/L,pH值为2,混合转速为175 r/min,反应时间为5 min;各因素的影响顺序为:pH值＞投加量＞混合转速＞反应时间.     

镉胁迫对大豆生长及籽粒中营养元素含量的影响

为了探明Cd胁迫下大豆生长发育及籽粒中Cd的积累和污染状况,采用土壤盆栽实验方法,研究了在两种土壤(红壤和河潮土)中添加不同质量比的Cd对大豆籽粒中N、P、K和Zn含量的影响,并对籽粒中Cd的累积量进行了分析.结果表明,两种土壤中添加低质量比Cd(0.25 mg/kg)均可促进大豆的生长,高质量比Cd则表现为抑制作用.不同质量比Cd的处理均降低大豆籽粒中N的质量分数.其下降幅度随Cd质量比的升高而增加;低质量比(0.25～0.50 mg/kg)Cd胁迫下,大豆籽粒中Cd-P表现为协同作用,高质量比Cd时则表现为拮抗作用;Cd-K在低质量比Cd胁迫下表现为拮抗作用;Cd-Zn在籽粒中表现为协同作用,叶片中则表现为拮抗作用.将土壤与大豆籽粒中Cd的质量比进行回归分析,表明在红壤中种植大豆,籽粒未受Cd污染(<0.20 mg/kg)的土壤的Cd临界质量比为0.157 mg/kg,河潮土则为0.769 mg/kg.     

大气中痕量挥发性有机物气相色谱保留时间的预估

为探寻环境中挥发性有机物气相色谱保留行为与结构的关系,应用三维原子场全息作用矢量(3D-HoVAIF),对39个大气中痕量挥发性有机物进行了结构表征.采用逐步回归对变量进行筛选,建立了8变量定量结构色谱保留相关(QSRR)模型,模型的复相关系数为R-1=0.985; 进而将3D-HoVAIF矢量与相对分子质量结合,建立了9变量QSRR模型,模型的复相关系数为R-2 = 0.991; 采用留一法交互检验,结果分别为RCV,1 = 0.970、RCV,2 =0.978,表明模型具有良好的估计能力和稳定性.