Photocatalytic performance of TiO2 catalysts modified by H3PW12O40, ZrO2 and CeO2

The binary composite photo-catalysts CeO2/TiO2, ZrO2/TiO2 and the ternary composite photo-catalysts H3PW12O40-CeO2/TiO2,H2PW12O40-ZrO2/TiO2 were prepared by sol-gel method. The catalysts were characterized by thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photocatalyfic elimination of methanol was used as model reaction to evaluate the photocatalytic activity of the composite catalysts under ultraviolet light irradiation. The effects of doped content, activation temperature, time, initial concentration of methanol and gas flow rate on the catalytic activity were investigated. The results showed that after doping a certain amount of CeO2 and ZrO2, crystaniTation process of TiO2 was restrained, particles of catalysts are smaller and more uniform. Doping ZrO2 not only significantly improved the catalytic activity, but also increased thermal stability. Doping H3PW12O40 also enhanced the catalytic activity. The catalytic activities of binary and ternary composite photocatalysts were significantly higher than tin-doped TiO2. The dynamics law of photocatalytic reaction over the binary CeO2/TiO2 and ZrO2/TiO2 catalysts has been studied. The activation energy 15.627 and 15.631 kJ/mol and pre-exponential factors 0.5176 and 0.9899 s-1 over each corresponding catalyst were obtained. This reaction accords to the first order dynamics law.     

Removal of metals by sorghum plants from contaminated land

The growth of high biomass crops facilitated by optimal of agronomic practices has been considered as an alternative to phytoremediation of soils contaminated by heavy metals. A field trial was carried out to evaluate the phytoextraction efficiency of heavy metals by three varieties of sweet sorghum (Sorghum biocolor L.), a high biomass energy plant. Ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA), ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) and ammonium sulphate ((NH₄)₂SO₄) were tested for their abilities to enhance the removal of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Zn, and Cu by sweet sorghum from a contaminated agricultural soil. Sorghum plants always achieved the greatest removal of Pb by leaves and the greatest removal of Cd, Zn and Cu by stems. There was no significant difference among the Keller, Rio and Mray varieties of sweet sorghums in accumulating heavy metals. EDTA treatment was more efficient than ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate in promoting Pb accumulation in sweet sorghum from the contaminated agricultural soil. The application of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulphate increased the accumulation of both Zn and Cd in roots of sorghum plants. Results from this study suggest that cropping of sorghum plants facilitated by agronomic practices may be a sustainable technique for partial decontamination of heavy metal contaminated soils.     

大型古老锡矿影响区土壤和蔬菜重金属含量及其健康风险

对云南大型古老锡矿影响区的主要种类蔬菜及其土壤取样调查,测定分析As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb和Zn含量,通过暴露风险分析评价食用当地种植蔬菜引起重金属对人体的健康风险.结果发现,与非矿业影响区比较,锡矿影响区的蔬菜地土壤重金属污染严重,其中以As污染最严重,土壤平均As含量为1 225　mg·kg^-1,Nemero指数平均为50.1.锡矿影响区的蔬菜食用部位的重金属含量超标严重,As和Pb尤为严重,其最高含量(以干重计)分别达856　mg·kg^-1及506　mg·kg^-1;各类蔬菜重金属含量表现出叶菜类＞根茎类＞果菜类的趋势;当地居民通过食用这些蔬菜引起的As和Pb的暴露风险非常高,暴露风险指数分别为158和13.3,对当地居民健康有极大的潜在危害.研究结果表明,有必要对当地的土壤和蔬菜重金属含量及其健康风险进行更为详尽的调查研究.     

时间序列相似匹配算法在数字海洋风暴潮辅助决策系统中的应用

在现有风暴潮灾害研究基础上,结合风暴潮数据库特点,提出基于斜率分段过滤的相似匹配算法,定义了风暴潮辅助决策、风暴潮序列以及应用于风暴潮序列的相似匹配度量模型。由于海洋数据具有海量等特性,本文先用基于斜率特征向量分段算法进行过滤,再用风暴潮相似度量模型提取相似序列,依据提取的序列在风暴潮数据库中的记录信息,进行风暴潮辅助决策,为风暴潮灾害乃至整个海洋数据的研究提供了较好的技术支持。     

基于SWOT分析的建筑废弃物综合处理环境园项目发展策略

本文采用SWOT发展策略分析法对深圳市塘朗山建筑废弃物综合处理环境园项目自身优势、劣势及外界机会、威胁等方面进行了分析,建立了SWOT发展策略分析矩阵,并提出了该项目应该采取发展策略及政府配套的产业支撑体系建议.     

239+240Pu作为湖泊沉积物计年时标:以云南程海为例

在近代沉积作用领域137Cs时标与210Pb计年结合,获得了广泛而有效的应用.然而,137Cs经过两个半衰期的衰变已难于辩识.环境中的Pu核素具有相对较长的半衰期,也随全球大气扩散而散落于地球表面,可望作为沉积计年的时间标志.通过程海沉积物柱芯中239+240Pu比活度、240Pu/239Pu原子比率及校正到沉积年代的...     

太湖梅梁湾、贡湖湾和胥口湾水体PAHs的生态风险评价

基于太湖梅梁湾、贡湖湾和胥口湾水体∑PAH8的等效浓度和ΣPAH8对水生生物的无观察效应浓度（NOECs）,分别采用商值法、概率密度函数重叠面积法、安全阈值法和商值概率分布法评价水体∑PAH8对水生生物的生态风险,同时进行方法学比较.商值法评价结果表明∑PAH8对水生生物的生态风险表现为大型蚤（Daphina magn...     

丹江口库区土地利用变化与生态环境脆弱性评价

基于RS和GIS技术,研究了丹江口库区1990-2007年的土地利用变化状况,采用空间主成分分析法构建了生态环境脆弱性评价模型,评价了库区生态环境脆弱性,探讨了土地利用变化与生态环境脆弱性的关系。结果表明:①库区土地利用格局承受着社会经济发展和生态环境保护与建设两方面相互矛盾的巨大压力,1990-2007年间,除水田和旱地减少外,其他用地比例均有不同程度增长。②18 a间,库区生态环境整体状况有所好转,脆弱性综合指数从5.96降至5.56。林地基本处于微度脆弱性状态,灌丛、园地、草地属于轻度和中度脆弱状态,水田、旱地和未利用地多属于中度和重度脆弱状态。③不同利用类型的脆弱性综合指数顺序基本保持为:城镇>农村居民地>未利用地>旱地>园地>草地>水田>灌丛>林地,林灌措施是库区生态恢复和重建的首选,同时应加强城镇与农村居民地以及农田的生态环境建设。     

红树植物白骨壤小苗对模拟潮汐淹浸时间的生长适应性

室内模拟12个潮汐淹浸时间处理(2、4、6、8、10、12、14、16、18、20、22、24h·d-1)对红树植物白骨壤Avicennia marina小苗生长的影响,测定不同淹水时间处理下白骨壤小苗的叶绿素含量、根活力、生长量、生物量及净光合速率等10项生长信息指标.210d的试验结果表明,叶绿素含量、根活力、生物量及生长量均随淹水时间的延长先升后降,并在16h·d-1处出现骤变分界点,淹水时间超过16h·d-1后,白骨壤小苗的生物量、生长量均显著低于淹水时间16h·d-1的处理;月均地茎增量、月均叶片增量、单株茎干重、单株根干重及总生物量均在淹水10h·d-1处理下最大.结合主成分分析得出结论,白骨壤小苗在淹水时间16h·d-1的处理下均能正常生长,最适淹水时间为8～12h·d-1,临界淹水时间为16h·d-1.