茶园土壤酸化对氟的影响及茶叶氟安全限量的探讨

在分析国内外茶园土壤酸化现状的基础上,概述了关于土壤水溶性氟与土壤pH值关系的研究进展,并通过实地调研和培养实验研究了茶园土壤酸化对土壤水溶性氟的影响.实地调研中土壤水溶性氟含量与土壤pH值无显著相关性.培养实验中,当pH＞4.00时,模拟土壤水溶性氟含量随土壤pH值的下降变化不显著;而当pH＜4.00时,土壤水溶性氟含量随着pH值的下降迅速增加,且达到极显著水平.同时描述了世界各国制订的每人每天最大摄氟量标准,对我国现行茶叶标准与国外一些国家的同类标准之间的差异做了评析.茶叶溶出实验的结果表明,我国茶叶氟安全限量需要进一步完善.     

应用高频气力分选机分选电子废料碎片的研究

进行了实验室高频气力分选机分选3～0.3 mm印刷电(线)路板模拟物料的研究.结果表明,在振频为1 621次/min,上升风量为120 m3/h,95 m3/h,60 m3/h,床面横向倾角6.64°,纵向倾角为1.07°时,金属回收率达93.95%;重产物金属品位为89.19%;轻产物中非金属的品位达99.33%.0.5～0.3 mm细粒物料的分选效果也是令人满意的.     

Methylmercury, total mercury and total selenium in four common freshwater fish species from Ya-Er Lake, China

Snakehead fish (Ophiocephalus argus cantor), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrtix), crucian carp (Carassius carassius), and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) are four common freshwater fish species in China. In this study, the level of methylmercury (MeHg), total mercury (T-Hg), and total selenium (T-Se) in muscle samples of these four fish species from Ya-Er Lake, China, were analyzed using atomic fluorescence spectrometry coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The concentrations of MeHg in all the fish species were significantly correlated with those of T-Hg. Higher T-Hg and MeHg concentrations had accumulated in the snakehead fish, which is a strongly predatory fish, than in the other three species. The concentration ratios of MeHg and T-Hg in the muscles of these four fish species were almost equal. Conversely, there was negative correlation between the concentrations of T-Hg and T-Se, which implies that there is a competition between these two elements with respect to bioaccumulation. It is noteworthy that of all the muscle samples tested, the level of T-Hg exceeded the maximum allowable limit in fish [0.4 mg kg⁻¹ (w/w) recommended by the World Health Organization] in 38.46% of those of the silver carp, 18.18% of those of the crucian carp, and 100% of those of snakehead fish. These results show that the consumption of contaminated fish is a potential threat to human health and that necessary preventive measures to safeguard public health should be emphasized.     

从法国消防危机管理得到的启示

中国消防代表团于2005年对法国进行了7天的考察访问.他们的危机管理体系和运行机制很多方面值得我们借鉴.     

Emission of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs from metallurgy industries in S. Korea

The metallurgy industry and municipal waste incinerators are considered the main sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in many countries. This study investigated the emission factors and total emissions of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) emitted from metallurgy industries (including ferrous and nonferrous foundries) in Korea. The toxic equivalency (TEQ) emission factor of PCDD/Fs was the highest for secondary copper production, at 24451 ng I-TEQ/ton. The total estimated emissions of PCDD/Fs from these sources were 35.259 g I-TEQ/yr, comprising 0.088 g I-TEQ/yr from ferrous foundries, 31.713 g I-TEQ/yr from copper production, 1.716 g I-TEQ/yr from lead production, 0.111 g I-TEQ/yr from zinc production, and 1.631 g I-TEQ/yr from aluminum production. The total estimated annual amounts of dioxin-like PCBs emitted from these sources were 13.260 g WHO-TEQ/yr, comprising 0.014 g WHO-TEQ/yr from ferrous foundries, 12.675 g WHO-TEQ/yr from copper production, 0.170 g WHO-TEQ/yr from lead production, 0.017 g WHO-TEQ/yr from zinc production, and 0.384 g WHO-TEQ/yr from aluminum production. The highest emission factor was found for secondary copper smelting, at 9770 ng WHO-TEQ/ton.     

现代城市居住区的防盗安全问题研究

针对现代城市居住区防盗安全问题日益突出的情况,从住宅建筑方面入手,对城市居住区的防盗安全问题进行研究分析,并提出相应的解决措施.其中分别对住宅建筑的窗、住宅平立面、阳台、住宅楼梯间、雨篷、管道和空调主机七个细节部位进行了防盗分析;在安全设计时充分考虑各个细节部位之间的联系,本着"相互促进,相辅相成"的原则,对它们的整体布局、安放位置和尺寸等方面提出了改进方案,并实施了防盗安全设计.     

二氯异氰脲酸钠和三氯异氰脲酸对棕囊藻细胞去除的研究

研究了二氯异氰脲酸钠和三氯异氰脲酸对球形棕囊藻的灭杀和控制作用,及其投药时间对除藻效果的影响,并比较2种药剂的除藻效果,初步探讨了除藻机理.结果表明,这2种除藻剂可以缓释次氯酸,提高其稳定性,有较长的药效期.当有效氯浓度达到4.5mg/L时,2种药剂均能有效地控制和灭杀球形棕囊藻,具有高效、低毒的优点.有效氯浓度为5.0mg/L,藻细胞去除率在24h可达到90%以上.在等于和大于5.0mg/L有效氯浓度时,三氯异氰脲酸的除藻效果优于二氯异氰脲酸钠,通过对2种药剂除藻率的t检验进一步证实了这一结论.     

中美两国经济发展与铜消费量对比研究

发达国家的发展过程表明,经济增长与铜消费量密切相关。本文由IPAT方程推导了铜消费指标与GDP间的关系式,得出GDP的年增长率（g）的单位GDP铜消费量的年下降率（t）是影响铜消费量变化的两个重要参数。给出了中、美两国铜消费指标与GDP间的关系曲线;中国1960-2004年间单位GDP的铜消费量并未形成明显的上升或下降趋势;美国1941-2004年间单位GDP铜消费量的变化总体上逐年降低,1941年为17.80kg/10^4USD,2003年为2.56kg/10^4USD,单位GDP的铜消费量降低近7倍。对应不同的单位GDP铜消费量年下降率的假设,估计了未来25年内中国经济增长与铜消费指标间的关系以及单位GDP铜消费量降低的倍数。     

五种重金属在小麦植株不同器官中的分布特征

为研究Cd、Pb、As、Cu、Zn等5种重金属在小麦植株不同器官的分布特征，以郑州9023为供试品种，采用田间试验方法，应用原子吸收分光光度法和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICPS)分别测定了小麦植株不同器官的重金属质量分数并进行了分析。结果表明，小麦植株中较易富集Cd的器官是根、叶及废弃物，较易富集Pd、As的器官是根、茎及废弃物，较易富集Zn、Cu的器官是根、茎和籽粒；在这5种重金属中，Zn在小麦茎和籽粒中的富集系数最高，Cd在地上部分其他器官的富集系数最高，而Pb在这些器官中富集系数均为最低，Cu和As则居中。     

山西省循环流化床粉煤灰环境风险评估及管控建议

为服务山西省循环流化床粉煤灰环境管理,本文在对全省循环流化床锅炉粉煤灰调查的基础上,选取典型粉煤灰开展了物理化学性质及污染物赋存及浸出特征研究,开展了不同暴露途径的环境风险评估,提出了环境风险管控建议.结果表明,循环流化床粉煤灰堆存对土壤和地下水无致癌风险,但具有一定的危害性,需强化堆存规范性、着力源头减量、拓宽综合利...