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根据测量原理建立数学模型,分析各种不确定分量的来源,评定标准不确定度,确定合成不确定度和扩展不确定度.通过不确定影响分量的分析,找出最大不确定分量,重点控制其分量,可保证测量的准确性和精度,也可通过重新评估显著性不确定分量,找出方法存在的不足和问题,提出控制不确定分量的步骤和方法,改善测量方法和手段提高测量准确性和精度. 相似文献
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Antibiotics have been identified as obesogens contributing to the prevalence of obesity. Moreover, their environmental toxicity shows sex dependence, which might also explain the sex-dependent obesity observed. Yet, the direct evidence for such a connection and the underlying mechanisms remain to be explored. In this study, the effects of tetracycline, which is a representative antibiotic found in both environmental and food samples, on Drosophila melanogaster were studied with consideration of both sex and circadian rhythms (represented by the eclosion rhythm). Results showed that in morning-eclosed adults, tetracycline significantly stimulated the body weight of females (AM females) at 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 µg/L, while tetracycline only stimulated the body weight of males (AM males) at 1.0 µg/L. In the afternoon-eclosed adults, tetracycline significantly stimulated the body weight of females (PM females) at 0.1, 1.0 and 100.0 µg/L, while it showed more significant stimulation in males (PM males) at all concentrations. Notably, the stimulation levels were the greatest in PM males among all the adults. The results showed the clear sex dependence of the obesogenic effects, which was diminished by dysrhythmia. Further biochemical assays and clustering analysis suggested that the sex- and rhythm-dependent obesogenic effects resulted from the bias toward lipogenesis against lipolysis. Moreover, they were closely related to the preference for the energy storage forms of lactate and glucose and also to the presence of excessive insulin, with the involvement of glucolipid metabolism. Such relationships indicated potential bridges between the obesogenic effects of pollutants and other diseases, e.g., cancer and diabetes. 相似文献
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中试试验研究讨论了利用颗粒污泥接种的UASB反应器常温下处理生活污水的运行性能。在7~31℃温度范围内处理生活污水,考察了不同温度、不同负荷条件下反应器的处理效率,讨论了各参数对反应器运行的影响,为UASB反应器常温下处理生活污水提供理论和实践指导。 相似文献
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城市污水厂污泥由于产生量大且成分复杂,如何对它进行稳定化、无害化处理已越来越受到人们的关注。本研究基于好氧发酵仓式堆肥系统,研究了城市污泥处理过程中温度、含水率、pH、有机质、水溶性有机碳、总氮和发芽指数等指标参数的变化规律。研究结果表明:当物抖初始含水率控制在65%左右时,在强制通风量112.5m^3/12hr,搅拌频率30min/24hr的工艺条件下,堆肥过程可以实现顺利升温并在55℃以上维持3天,满足杀灭致病茵要求的条件;14天反应用期结束时,物抖含水率、水溶性有机碳和有机质含量显著降低,堆肥产品腐熟,卫生学指标达到了美国EPA污泥产品A类标准;得列的污泥产品成为性质优良的土壤质量调节荆。 相似文献
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本法用Ag/S离子选择电极测定废水中的硫化物,测定浓度范围0.1~1000.0mg/l,方法精密度为4.3%,回收率为P2.5%,检出限为0.1mg/l。大多数离子不干扰测定,该法简便快速,适用于例行监测。 相似文献
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Yang Zhang Tianyi Zhao Yu Yan Bian Zhou Xuezhen Zhong Xiaoyu Hu Lijia Zhang Peng Huo Kang Xiao Yuanxun Zhang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):835-845
Ambient particulate matter (PM) can cause adverse health effects via their ability to produce Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Water-Soluble Organic Compounds (WSOCs), a complex mixture of organic compounds which usually coexist with Transition Metals (TMs) in PM, have been found to contribute to ROS formation. However, the interaction between WSOCs and TMs and its effect on ROS generation are still unknown. In this study, we examined the ROS concentrations of V, Zn, Suwannee River Fulvic Acid (SRFA), Suwannee River Humic Acid (SRHA) and the mixtures of V/Zn and SRFA/SRHA by using a cell-free 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein (DCFH) assay. The results showed that V or Zn synergistically promoted ROS generated by SRFA, but had an antagonistic effect on ROS generated by SRHA. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that V and Zn were more prone to form stable complexes with aromatic humic acid-like component (C1) and fulvic acid-like component (C3) in SRFA and SRHA. Results suggested that the underlying mechanism involving the fulvic acid-like component in SRFA more tending to complex with TMs to facilitate ROS generation through π electron transfer. Our work showed that the complexing ability and complexing stability of atmospheric PM organics with metals could significantly affect ROS generation. It is recommended that the research deploying multiple analytical methods to quantify the impact of PM components on public health and environment is needed in the future. 相似文献
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