基于煤矿安全生产监督研究的博弈分析

对安全生产监督脆弱是造成我国企业安全生产状况十分严峻的重要原因,必须采取相应的措施予以解决。笔者从博弈的视角出发,应用博弈论的相关理论分析现有体制和制度框架下我国企业安全生产的监督效果,提出了一些解决的措施。笔者认为,要改善我国企业安全生产状况的根本出路在于制度创新和激励监督者的“努力”行为。必须实施制度创新,充分提高企业职工自觉进行安全监督的积极性;加重对“违规”行为的处罚力度,只能在短期内减少其“违规”的概率,而不会消除或降低“违规”行为的发生。正确的做法应该是从长远看,加强对监督者“努力”行为的激励力度,才能消除或降低“违规”行为的发生。     

我国民航灾害应急联动机制优化研究

针对我国现行的民航灾害应急联动救援体系所存在着多头指挥、组织形式不明确、责任关系不协调、信息沟通不顺畅、资源调度不合理等问题,运用文献检索、理论分析与实地调研相结合的方法,笔者提出优化思路:民航灾害应急联动机制应以各级民航管理当局的飞行事故应急指挥部为主要指挥决策者,采用虚拟的网络式组织形式,理顺联动单位的责任与关系,将应急联动的信息网络与各地突发公共危机事件的信息平台接轨,成立全国统一的、具有双重功能的民航灾害应急资源调度中心。其中,对民航灾害应急联动虚拟网络组织形式的设计,较好地改进了现行组织的效率,体现了快速反应和协调行动的要求。     

事故致因理论的比较分析

本文对事故致因理论进行了总结并对其优缺点进行了介绍,对一些主要的事故致因理论进行了比较,分析了其异同,提出了各自的特点和适用条件,并对其理论发展前景进行了展望。运用事故致因理论对具体事故案例进行了分析,找出了事故原因,提出了预防措施。     

瞭望员安全报火方法研究

通过多年的研究,总结了瞭望员安全报火的方法,即目测法、交叉法、航点法.文中对上述方法进行了说明、比较、分析,提出了上述方法各自的方式、适用范围及优缺点,并对三种方法进行了比较,提出了进行安全报火的基本条件,实践证明,采用上述方法进行报火达到了安全防火的目的.     

基于XML的国家重大危险源中间数据库研究与实现

为建立国家重大危险源监管信息系统,针对目前地方数据库系统异构问题,提出了基于XML中间数据库的解决方案.首先对XML与关系数据库的关系进行了分析,并对XML文档结构与数据库结构的映射以及XML与关系数据库之间的转换进行了探讨;接着定义了国家标准中九大类重大危险源信息的XML模版;最后采用JDOM技术,实现了从省市重大危险源数据库集中到国家中间数据库,为进一步建立国家中心数据库奠定了基础.     

空中交通管制雷达管制训练分类考核方法研究

分析当前我国管制员雷达培训考核环节中存在的问题,提出一种新的雷达管制培训的考核方法——检查单式考核,根据管制过程所涉及的各个环节以及航空器在空中的运行状态,对雷达管制培训实施分类考核。并结合一个进近雷达管制考核表的实例,分析其检查单式考核表的设计思想,详细说明其考核表记录和考核结果量化的步骤和方法。     

Fire and explosion risk assessment for large-scale oil export terminal

Now in Russian Federation and other countries large-scale oil terminals (volume of one tank exceeds 100 000 m³, total volume of tanks exceeds 300 000 m³) are designed and constructed. Therefore fire safety of such objects becomes a very important task, solution of which is hardly possible without detail fire risk assessment. This study is aimed to a solution of this problem. Potential, individual and social risks were calculated. The potential risk was defined as a frequency of occurrence of hazardous factors of fires and explosions in a given point of space (the so-called risk contours). The individual risk was defined as a frequency of injuring a given person by hazardous factors of fires and explosions. Time of presence of this person in hazardous zones (near the hazardous installation) is taken into account during calculations of the individual risk. Social risk was defined as a dependence of frequency of injuring a given number of people by hazardous factors of fires and explosions on this number. In practice the social risk is usually determined on injuring not less than 10 people.

The oil terminal under consideration includes the following main parts: crude oil storage consisting of three tanks of volume 100 000 m³ each, input crude oil pipeline of diameter 0.6 m, crude oil pumps, output crude oil pipeline of diameter 0.8 m, auxiliary buildings and facilities. The following main scenarios of tank fires have been considered: rim seal fire, pool fire on a surface of a floating roof, pool fire on a total cross-section surface of the tank, pool fire in a dyke, explosions in closed or semiclosed volumes. Fires and explosions in other parts of the terminal are also taken into account. Effects of escalation of accidents are considered.

Risk contours have been calculated both for the territory of the terminal and for the neighbouring space. The potential risk for the storage zone is near 10⁻⁴–10⁻⁵ year⁻¹, and at a distance 500 m from the terminal the potential risk values do not exceed 10⁻⁶ year⁻¹. The values of the individual risk for various categories of workers are in the range of 10⁻⁵–10⁻⁶ year⁻¹. Because of low number of the workers on the terminal and large distances to towns and villages the social risk value is negligible. These risk values are consistent with practice of the best oil companies, and fire hazard level of the terminal can be accepted as tolerable.     

沈阳市大气可吸入颗粒物水溶性组分的因子分析

选取沈阳市6个监测点位,采集2005年冬、春、夏、秋大气可吸入颗粒物样本。用安捷伦7500型电感耦合等离子体质谱仪分析PM10中19种水溶性组分。用因子分析法分析了沈阳市大气可吸入颗粒物水溶性组分的来源。     

Comparison of different liquid anaerobic digestion effluents as inocula and nitrogen sources for solid-state batch anaerobic digestion of corn stover

Effluents from three liquid anaerobic digesters, fed with municipal sewage sludge, food waste, or dairy waste, were evaluated as inocula and nitrogen sources for solid-state batch anaerobic digestion of corn stover in mesophilic reactors. Three feedstock-to-effluent (F/E) ratios (i.e., 2, 4, and 6) were tested for each effluent. At an F/E ratio of 2, the reactor inoculated by dairy waste effluent achieved the highest methane yield of 238.5 L/kgVS_feed, while at an F/E ratio of 4, the reactor inoculated by food waste effluent achieved the highest methane yield of 199.6 L/kgVS_feed. The microbial population and chemical composition of the three effluents were substantially different. Food waste effluent had the largest population of acetoclastic methanogens, while dairy waste effluent had the largest populations of cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria. Dairy waste also had the highest C/N ratio of 8.5 and the highest alkalinity of 19.3 g CaCO₃/kg. The performance of solid-state batch anaerobic digestion reactors was closely related to the microbial status in the liquid anaerobic digestion effluents.     

基于CFD分析的呼吸防护面具罩体设计

分析呼吸防护面具研究领域在呼吸阻力方面的研究情况,提出基于计算流体力学分析的呼吸防护面具罩体设计方案,在设计过程中添加以计算流体力学分析为手段的有限元模拟仿真模块。通过ANSYS产品ICEM CFD与CFX对设计模型进行网格划分与流体分析,根据仿真结果对初步设计的模型进行结构优化再设计。